• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.2532-2537
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• 2012

In recent, the researches on driver assistance systems have been actively performed with development of vehicle industry. AVM(Around View Monitoring) Systems, a part of these systems, have been researching and developing. Existing AVM systems have been developed in the forms of embedded systems or a SoC (System on Chip) to provide view around vehicle in real time. However, if Car PC is equipped with in vehicle, AVM can be developed using only software without additional cost. In this study, we implemented AVM system which provides location information by adding the informations such as latitude, longitude and speed to functions of "Car PC" based AVM system. If storing function is added to the AVM system implemented in this study which provides location information, the system with storing function can be used as AVM black box system.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.143-155
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• 2016

Recently, the interest on applying AVM(Around View Monitoring) systems in construction equipments have been increasing due to the demand for better control, work efficiency and safety. Most of the existing AVM systems have been developed focusing on the application in automobiles and only several AVM systems have been developed for construction equipments. However, the original technology of AVM remained the same as in the automobiles that failed to consider the main properties of construction equipments and suggest appropriate range of AVM display (Top-view). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest a pilot type of AVM system for construction equipment. Accordingly, literature review, deduction of main consideration factors, selection of sensors, system design, algorithm development of a pilot type of AVM system for construction equipment have been conducted. A laboratory experiment has also been conducted for the deduction of further improvements. As a result, a minimum image refresh rate of 20 fps has been achieved that clearly reflects the actual situation of the equipment and also, the actual motions of Boom, Arm, Bucket have been displayed appropriately on the AVM system based on the angle data collected by sensors. However, the experiment results have also shown that the following tasks still remain for future work: 1)Improvement of AVM image interpolation, 2)Development of calibration module for variety construction equipment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.463-465
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• 2013

최근 자동차 산업의 활성화로 인해 자동차 이용자 수가 증가하고 교통사고가 문제화되면서 사고를 최소화시키고 미연에 방지할 수 있는 차량보조시스템 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 그 중 AVM 시스템은 차량 주변 상황을 실시간으로 제공하는 시스템으로 어린이 통학차량에 부착하여 교통사고를 최소화시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 DIO와 AVM 시스템을 접목시켜 차량의 문이 열리면 DIO를 통해 신호를 받고 모니터의 화면에 AVM 영상이 출력되는 시스템을 구현하여 어린이 통학차량의 교통사고를 최소화하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.427-430
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• 2012

최근 차량용 블랙박스, 자동 운전 시스템, 어라운드 뷰 시스템 등과 같은 운전자의 편의와 안전을 위한 장치 및 시스템들이 개발되고 있다. 현재 운전자를 위한 보조 시스템으로 구글(google)의 자동 운전 시스템(Auto Car Driving System)과 현대 모비스(hyundai mobis)의 AVM 시스템(Around View Monitoring System) 등의 다양한 차량용 편의장치 시스템들이 등장했다. 위와 같은 다양한 ECU들을 관리하기 위한 서버 및 저장 장치 역할을 할 수 있는 고사양의 Car PC의 장착이 필수적이다. 기존의 AVM 시스템은 차량 주변을 실시간으로 제공하기 위해 임베디드 또는 별도의 차량용 네트워크를 통해 임베디드 시스템 또는 SoC(System On Chip)형태의 하드웨어 기반으로 개발되고 있다. 하지만 고사양의 Car PC 기반에서는 별도의 비용없이 소프트웨어로 구현이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 차량의 전 후 좌 우에 장착된 4대의 카메라로부터 입력된 차량 주변 상황을 한눈에 보여주는 AVM 시스템(Around-View Monitoring System)을 위한 카메라 보정 및 정합 처리 모듈 및 AVM 시스템을 Windows를 O/S로 하는 PC 내부에서 기존의 AVM 시스템을 이용하여 화면에 전 후 좌 우 버튼을 각각 만들어 버튼을 터치했을 때, 각 버튼에 해당되는 영상이 AVM 시스템과 함께 출력되도록 하거나 디스플레이에 Full 버전으로 출력되도록 S-UI(Smart User Interface)를 설계 및 구현한다. 제안하는 AVM 시스템과 기존의 AVM 시스템의 성능과 기능을 비교 분석함으로써 제안하는 영상 처리 모듈을 이용하여 추가 비용이 발생하지 않는 AVM 시스템의 구현 가능성을 검증한다.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.241-250
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• 2016

AVM(Around View Monitoring) is a function of ADAS(Advanced Driver Assistance Systems), which provides a bird's eye view of the surroundings of a vehicle to the user. AVM systems require large bandwidth since they are composed of four input images and require real-time processing for vehicle-embedded environments. Also, the memory bandwidth requirement increases greatly when the resolution of the input data is higher. In this paper, we propose four basic hardware models of AVM systems. The models are decided by whether or not there is a valid data extraction module and an image processing purpose LUT generation module. We analyze the required bandwidth and hardware resource for each model. For verification of the proposed models, we implemented an AVM system using XC7Z045 FPGA and DDR3 memory for VGA and FHD resolution. All four of the proposed hardware model is executed below 33ms, which shows that it can operate in real-time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.418-420
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• 2012

최근 자동차 산업의 활성화로 인해 교통사고가 문제화 되면서 사고를 미연에 방지할 수 있는 운전자 보조시스템 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 그 중 AVM 시스템(Around-View Monitoring System)에 대한 연구 및 개발이 활발해 지고 있다. 기존 AVM 시스템은 차량 주변 상황을 실시간으로 제공하기 위해 임베디드 시스템 또는 SoC(System on Chip)의 형태로 개발되었다. 그러나 Car PC가 차량에 장착되면 AVM 시스템을 추가의 비용이 없이 소프트웨어만으로 시스템을 개발할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 Car PC 기반의 AVM 시스템 기능에 위치 정보 기능을 추가하여 위치정보를 제공하는 AVM 시스템을 구현하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.421-424
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• 2014

Currently, car black box, and CCTV products, such as image processing are prevalent on the market giving convenience to users.In particular, the black box of the driver driving a vehicle accident that occurred at the time to help identify the cause of the accident is gaining. Black box, the front or rear of the vehicle can check the image only. Because of the angle of view of the driver's vision or the black box can not determine a non-scene. In order to solve this problem by a more advanced system, the black box AVM (Around-View Monitoring) systems have been developed. AVM system to the vehicle's top-view images obtained before and after, left and right of the image, ie, $360^{\circ}$ image of the vehicle can be secured. AVM system must be installed on the vehicle, a desktop that you can acquire images Cling conditions. In this paper, we propose an Android-based tablet using the AVM system of the vehicle can achieve a $360^{\circ}$ image you want to design the system.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.415-426
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• 2020

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital anomalies of the cerebrovascular system. AVM harbors 2.2% annual hemorrhage risk in unruptured cases and 4.5% annual hemorrhage risk of previously ruptured cases. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) have been shown excellent treatment outcomes for patients with small- to moderated sized AVM which can be achieved in 80-90% complete obliteration rate with a 2-3 years latency period. The most important factors are associated with obliteration after SRS is the radiation dose to the AVM. In our institutional clinical practice, now 22 Gy (50% isodose line) dose of radiation has been used for treatment of cerebral AVM in single-session radiosurgery. However, dose-volume relationship can be unfavorable for large AVMs when treated in a single-session radiosurgery, resulting high complication rates for effective dose. Thus, various strategies should be considered to treat large AVM. The role of pre-SRS embolization is permanent volume reduction of the nidus and treat high-risk lesion such as AVM-related aneurysm and high-flow arteriovenous shunt. Various staging technique of radiosurgery including volume-staged radiosurgery, hypofractionated radiotherapy and dose-staged radiosurgery are possible option for large AVM. The incidence of post-radiosurgery complication is varied, the incidence rate of radiological post-radiosurgical complication has been reported 30-40% and symptomatic complication rate was reported from 8.1% to 11.8%. In the future, novel therapy which incorporate endovascular treatment using liquid embolic material and new radiosurgical technique such as gene or cytokine-targeted radio-sensitization should be needed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.2645-2652
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• 2013

For a variety of vision systems such as car omni-directional surveillance systems and robot vision systems, many cameras have been equipped and used. In order to detect corners of grid pattern in AVM(Around View Monitoring) systems, after the non-linear radial distortion image obtained from wide-angle camera is corrected, corners of grids of the distortion corrected image must be detected. Though there are transformations such as Sub-Pixel and Hough transformation as corner detection methods for AVM systems, it is difficult to achieve automatic detection by Sub-Pixel and accuracy by Hough transformation. Therefore, we showed that the automatic detection proposed in this paper, which detects corners accurately from the distortion corrected image could be applied for AVM systems, by designing and implementing it, and evaluating its performance.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.400-402
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• 1999

We have developed a new type Automatic Vending Machine(AVM) of a small size with simplification of coin mechanisms. The AVM adopts a new type transportation system named thin film-transportation system. Thin films have advantages of safe guide and transportation of various goods which made from various materials and shapes. The AVM has advantages of low price and simple mechanisms. The compact size($300{\times}330{\times}630$, mm)is realized by the use of simple coin mechanisms and thin-transportation system.