• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate to compare avifauna at Taegosa area in Pukhansan with Kamapong area in Inje-gun, Korea. The observed birds at Taegosa in Pukhansan and Kamapong area were 35 individuals on species and 113 individuals on 29 species respectively. In Pukhansan area, there was severely avifauna diminishing in July in which users were concentrated. Pica pica sericea and Streptopelia orientalis orientalis were observed the dominant species in Pukhansan area and Kamapong area respectively. There were two species of national monument in these surveyed area, Otus scops stictonotus in Pukhansan area and Falco tinnunculus interstinctus in Kamapong area. Cuculus saturatus horsfields, Cuculus micropterus micropterus and Eurystomus orientalis calonyx were found out in Kamapong area to the rare bird. Species diversity and avi-ecosystems in Kamapong area were seemed to good, whereas in Pukhansan area, there was relatively poor avifauna caused by isolating with surrounding ecosystem, overusing by visitors beyond capacity and heavy acid rain. Therefore avifauna protection plans sould be made and carried out for Pukhansan National Park by thorought study with experts.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 1987

This study was conducted to investigate avifauna and user's effect on the avifauna in Bukhan Mountain district of Bukhan Mountain National Park. Avifauna were investigated bimonthly from April to October 1987 over four districts which were main trail and sub-trail in each valley and ridge-midslope region by line transect methods. The observed birds in Bukhan Mountain districts was 34 species and 753 individuals and these consist of 19 species for residents. 11 species for summer visitor. 2 species for passage migrant and 2 species for winter visitor. The dominant species were Parus major (22.7%), Paradoxornis webbina(10%), Parus palustris (10.8%), Pica pica (10.0%) in order. No. of species and species diversities was higher in valley region than in ridge-midslope region. No. of species, individuals and species diversities were lower in main trail of high user's density than in sub-trail. Especially avifauna in main trail was severely decreased in August in valley region in which users were concentrated. But there was no change in similarity indices according to user's intensities. Therefore avifauna protection policy such as restoration and rehabilitation of edge species along trail, user's control in valley region during breeding periods, etc., shall be made for Bukhan Mountain National Park.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 1993

Recently, by fast industralization and development without environmental concern, our environment deterioration have being continued rapidly. Therefore, many species is placed on crisis of extinction or was already extincted by habitat destruction. In Minjujisan area, there is a plan to construct the Sport and Leisure Complex by which convert the forest conservancy district to the district of development promotion and district of sighseeing and leisure by Yongdong District. To investigate the avifauna impacts by habitat destruction, bird censuses was carried out before the Sport and Leisure Complex be construct in Minjujisan and Sokgisan area during 4-5 May, 1992 and 16-21 June, 1992. Total 229 birds of 41 species in 23 family of 9 orders were recorded during censuses. Sitta europaea amurensis was the most abundant species and Parus ater amurensis, Phylloscopus borealis xanthodryas, Parus major wladiwostokensis, Parus palustris hellmayri, and Turdus pallidus were dominant species. Accipiter nisus nisosimilis, Accipiter soloenis, and Otus scops stictonotus were found out to the natural monuments in this suvey. Halcyon pileate was observed to a rare bird in this surveyed area. Species diversity of this census was 3.381 which showed slightly higher degree than other surveyed area. The area of Minjujisan, Sokgipong, and Samdopong which have little pollution agent around there and kept away from mankind were approved the heavy avifauna area which have so many bird species. Biogeographically, the Taebaek Mountains was connected with the Sobaek Mountains through this area, therefore it was significant that many animal species could be move to each mountains ranges. The construction plan of the Sport and Leisure Complex in Minjujisan area should be restrain with concern about environmentally destruction by the Muju Resort in Dokyusan National Park which connected to that area have master plan to development the ski slopes for the 1997 Universiad with permission by the Ministry of Environment.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2003

Seosan A, B area is located on 36°42' of north parallel and 126°27' of east longitude. It consisted of broad artificial lakes and reclaimed agricultural lands; there is Ganwalho lake in A area and Bunamho lake in B area. Total birds surveyed four times in 2001 at the A area are 105,580 of 11 orders, 28 families, 89 species. Among them, resident species were 21 species including Pica pica. Twenty species including Cuculus canorus were summer migrants, and 30 species including Platalea leucorodia were winter migrants. Seventeen species including Limosa limosa were occasionally species. And Rostratula benghalensis was an unconfirmed species. Species diversity index (H') was 0.72; species equally common index (e/sup H'/) was 2.06. In January, maximum observed 102,121 individuals. However in July 52 species were observed most variously. There were total 81,152 birds observed with 11 orders, 22 families, and 71 species at the B area. Fifteen species including Falco tinnumculus were resident species. Summer migrants were 18 species including Ixobychus sinensis. Winter migrants were 25 species including Ciconia boyciana. Thirteen species including Tringa glareola were occasionally species. Species diversity index (H') was 0.281; species equally common index (e/sup H'/) was 1.325. In January, maximum observed 78,433 individuals. However in Silly 42 species were observed most variously.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2014

The cultivation of biomass crops is now global demand for decreasing emissions of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) from fossil fuel. Miscanthus species have been studied as a suitable crop for biomass production, due to its characteristics of fast growth and high biomass. In Korea, Miscanthus species have gained wide attention as an option for biomass production alternative to fossil fuels, recently. New strain of giant Miscanthus has been developed and two large trial sites for the giant Miscanthus production were built in the lower reaches of the Geum River. To evaluate the ecological influence of the giant Miscanthus as an bioenergy crop for the future, we investigated the impact of the construction of the giant Miscanthus production fields on the biota and also compared it with biota in paddy fields near the study sites. The biota including plants, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, avifauna, insects, and bugs was investigated. The plant diversity of the giant Miscanthus production fields was poorer than the paddy fields because the high height of the giant Miscanthus might hinder the growth of other plants. However, the giant Miscanthus production fields serves habitat to animals, leading to rich diversity of animals including avifauna, insects, and bugs. The rich diversity of the animals in the giant Miscanthus production fields coincides with the fact that the giant Miscanthus was grown without any pesticide, herbicide, and fertilizer. This study showed that the giant Miscanthus can influence on biota and further long term study is needed to elucidate the interaction between the diversity of biota and the giant Miscanthus.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 1990

This study was to investigate the user's effects on the avifauna in Sokri Mountain National Park. The survey was carried over 4 districts which were divided with main trail(valley, ridge), subtrail(ridge), un-used trail (valley) by line transect method from December 1989 to October 1990. The observed birds were 36 species and 570 individuals, these consist of 23 species for residents. 7 species for summer visitor. 2 species for winter visitor, 4 species for passage migrant. The average density of birds was 2.35 ea/ha., and main dominant species were Parus major minor, Porus palustris hellmayri, Parus varius varius and Sitta europaea amurensis in order. The observed frequency of wild birds was 3.4 times/km in average. No. of species, species diversity and observed frequency of summer and autumn were lower than winter and spring in 4 survey routes. Therefore, from now, in Sokri Mountain National Park manegement, the enjoyment oriented activities will be regulated and control of trail use on main trail are necessary during breeding periods of wild birds protection, especially in summer.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.409-420
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• 2003

The avifauna of from Manbokdae to Siribong in Jiri Mountain part of Baekdudaegan, was surveyed from May to November, 2002. In total, we observed 901 birds, and they were consisted of 49 species,23 families and 7 orders. The largest number of birds were observed in valley and followed by in low ridge, Road, Agricultural area and high ridge. The dominant species were Great Tit (Parus major) and then Brambling (Fringilla montifringilla), Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), Black-billed Magpie (Pica pica) and Long-tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus). The highest species diversity index was 2.85 at low ridge(846m), and the lowest was 1.83 at high ridge(1,433m). In this study, the valley is the most important area for the habitat of birds and followed by the low ridge and agricultural area. Thus, to decide the management required area of Baekdudaegan, it should include valley and nearby lowland as well as ridge area. Moreover, there should be some sort of restriction of vehicle usage when a road cross or close to the Baekdudaegan.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.469-479
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• 1991

The abundance and local distribution of birds around the three atomic power plants were studied during summer in 1998 and winter 1989. It was particularly pointed out how to determine species diversity indices, rarefaction model appeared and habitat use. During the study over 2,200 birds were censused; black-tailed gull, terek sandpipper, asian wandering tattler and australian curlew accountedfor over 76% of the observed birds in summer. Black-tailed gull, black-headed gull, mallard, ancient murrelet and tree sparrow accounted for 76% of the observed birds in winter. overall, 53 species were occurred ; 23 have been observed on yonggwang-gun, 16 used on ulchin-gun, 12 used on kyungju-gun in summer. 18 on yonggwang-gun,,14 on ulchin-gun,12 on kyungju-gun in winter respectively. These three habitats in terms of their of species richness were computed as follows; yonggwang-gun has the highest richness with an expected species number of 17.5 as the same as two season. Kyungju-gun has the lowest with an expected species number of 8.2 in summer and 11.5 in winter.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

The subject is to find green roofs' location as stepping stones in green-network in fine scale. The study site is Junggu, Seoul, which has core areas(Bukaksan and Namsan) and green areas(parks, etc.). Through literature review, the closer to core areas and green areas, target species reach green roof easier, and target species must be avifauna(flying species) and high class in food chain, because of possibility of reaching. So, Great Tits, inhabited in Namsan and urban bird, is target species. The location standard of green roofs, realized birds' reaching distance, consists of home range(horizontal range and vertical range) and roof-greening capable area. The green roofs' distribution of location was resulted through GIS analysis of feasible site finding, and classified with weight of score. In discussion, Namsan gives more effect to locate green roofs than Bukaksan does and selected buildings which are grouped in some parts need to be managed with group, green roof district.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.10-19
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the avifauna of Gap stream in Daejeon metropolitan city from September in 2001 to August in 2002. For the monthly change of bird community, survey was carried at study area per each month, the obtained results could be summarized as follows. 1. The observed birds were 12 orders 31 families 83 species and 15900 individuals, 38 species are water bird as Herons, Dabbling ducks, Diving ducks, Rails, Sandpipers & Plovers and 45 species are land bird as Raptors, Woodpeckers, Wagtails, Thrushes, Warblers, Tits, Buntings, Crows. 2. These birds could be divided 29 residents, 29 summer visitors, 18 winter visitors, 7 passage migrants. 3. Among the birds, Chinese Sparrowhawk Accipiter soloensis, Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus, Kestrel Falco tinnunculus are legally protected species as natural monuments in Korea. 4. The major dominant species were Common Teal Anas crecca, Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha, Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, Grey Heron Ardea cinerea, Magpie Pica pica, Little Egret Egretta garzetta in order, Gap stream should be appropriate habitats for dabbling ducks and herons. 5. Among the total number of 83 species, the highest number of species was 37 species in February and the lowest number of species was 27 species in June. 6. Among the total number of 15900 individuals, the highest number of individuals was 2899 individuals in December and the lowest number of individuals was 385 individuals in May. 7. Among the monthly species diversity index, the highest number of species diversity index was 2.6207 in September and the lowest number of species diversity index was 2.0716 in January.