• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.73-74
• /
• 2003

Three experiment were designed to determine the effects of dietary(n-3) fatty acids on the growth-suppressive effects of the inflammatory response and anti-oxidant enzyme activity and balances of nitrogen and energy. Day-old chicks were fed diets containing 1.0 ％ soybean oil in experiment 1, or diets containing 1.0 ％ of fish oil in experiment 2, and then on 7-d of age chicks were fed diets containing 1.0 ％ of either soybean oil or fish oil. In experiment 3, day-old chicks were fed on diets containing 1.0 ％ of either soybean oil or fish oil. In chicks of half pens within each dietary treatments of each experiments, the acute phase response were induced by injecting with Salmonella typhymurium lipopolysaccaride(LPS) i.p. 3 times at 8, 10 and 12-d of age. During acute phase response, chicks fed dietary fish oil from 1-d of age enhanced energy balances and did not give negative effect on nitrogen balance and uric acid excretion, but elevated MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD activity In liver and erythrocyte cytosols compared with those fed dietary soybean oil. The results indicated that enhanced daily gain and metabolizable energy value of diet in birds fed fish oil from one-d of age seems due to change on the antioxidants systems during acute phase response.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.769-777
• /
• 2018

The fermentation of Panax ginseng yields many compounds including ginsenosides that have various biological functions. The objective of this study was to investigate the modulation of nitric oxide (NO), Interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ in Raw 264.7 cells treated with ginseng fermented by Penibacillus MBT213. Nitric oxide production in the Raw 264.7 cells treated for 24 hours with fermented ginseng at 3, 7, and 14 days after the treatment decreased to 74, 43, and 36%, respectively, compared with the positive control. The production of IL-6 was inhibited in all the cells treated with fermented ginseng at 3, 7, and 14 days after the treatment except for the positive control. The $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in the Raw 264.7 cells treated with fermented ginseng for 6 hours at 3, 7, and 14 days after the treatment was about 40,000, 85,000 and 65,000 pg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in the Raw 264.7 cells treated with fermented ginseng for 24 hours at 7 and 14 days after the treatment was about 160,000 and 180,000 pg/mL, respectively. However, $TNF-{\alpha}$ production was inhibited in the Raw 264.7 cells at 6 and 12 hours after the treatment with fermented ginseng. herefore, it was confirmed that the immunological activity of the Raw 264.7 macrophages was affected by the treatment with fermented ginseng. It was concluded that ginseng fermented by Paenibacillus MBT213 possesses a potential anti-inflammatory activity and could be used as an ingredient in functional foods and pharmaceutical products.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2019

Background: Increased oxidative stress and inflammation play a critical role in the etiopathogenesis of chronic tendinopathy. Melatonin is an endogenous molecule that exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical and histopathological effects of exogenous melatonin administrations in supraspinatus overuse tendinopathy. Methods: Fifty rats were divided into the following four groups: cage activity, melatonin treatment, corticosteriod therapy, and control. Melatonin (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal; twice a day) and triamcinolone (0.3 mg/kg, subacromial; weekly) were administered to the treatment groups after the overuse period. Biochemical and histopathological evaluations were performed on serum samples and biopsies obtained from rats. Plasma inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were evaluated biochemically. Results: The TAS, TOS, OSI, iNOS, and VEGF values were significantly lower than the pre-treatment levels in rats receiving exogenous melatonin treatment (3 or 6 weeks) (p<0.05). TOS, iNOS, VEGF, and OSI values after 3 weeks of triamcinolone administration, and TOS, VEGF, and OSI levels after 6 weeks of triamcinolone application, were significantly lower than the pre-treatment levels (p<0.05). Conclusions: Exogenous melatonin application in overuse tendinopathy reduces oxidative stress and inflammation. Melatonin might be an alternative potential molecule to corticosteroids in the treatment of chronic tendinopathy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.51-62
• /
• 2021

Here, we investigated the prebiotic and antioxidant effects of Actinidia arguta sprout water extract (AASWE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive deficit mice. AASWE increased viable cell count, titratable acidity, and acetic acid production in Lactobacillus reuteri strain and showed a cytoprotective effect on LPS-induced inflammation in HT-29 cells. We assessed the behavior of LPS-induced cognitive deficit mice using Y-maze, passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests and found that administration of AASWE significantly improved learning and memory function. The AASWE group showed antioxidant activity through downregulation of malondialdehyde levels and upregulation of superoxide dismutase levels in brain tissue. In addition, the AASWE group exhibited activation of the cholinergic system with decreased acetylcholinesterase activity in brain tissue. Furthermore, AASWE effectively downregulated inflammatory mediators such as phosphorylated-JNK, phosphorylated-NF-κB, TNF-α and interleukin-6. The major bioactive compounds of AASWE were identified as quercetin-3-O-arabinopyranosyl(1→2)-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-glucopyranose, quercetin-3-O-apiosyl(1 → 2)-galactoside, rutin, and 3-caffeoylquinic acid. Based on these results, we suggest that AASWE not only increases the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestines, but also shows an ameliorating effect on LPS-induced cognitive impairment.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.583-592
• /
• 2023

Background: Alcohol is one of the most commonly used psychoactive drugs. Due to its addictive characteristics, many people struggle with the side effects of alcohol. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a traditional herbal medicine that is widely used to treat various health problems. However, the effects and mechanisms of KRG in alcohol-induced responses remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of KRG in alcohol-induced responses. Methods: We investigated two aspects: alcohol-induced addictive responses and spatial working memory impairments. To determine the effects of KRG in alcohol-induced addictive responses, we performed conditioned place preference tests and withdrawal symptom observations. To assess the effects of KRG in alcohol-induced spatial working memory impairment, Y-maze, Barnes maze, and novel object recognition tests were performed using mice after repeated alcohol and KRG exposure. To investigate the potential mechanism of KRG activity, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and western blot analysis were performed. Results: KRG-treated mice showed dose-dependent restoration of impaired spatial working memory following repeated alcohol exposure. Furthermore, withdrawal symptoms to alcohol were reduced in mice treated with KRG and alcohol. The PKA-CREB signaling pathway was activated after alcohol administration, which was reduced by KRG. However, the levels of inflammatory cytokines were increased by alcohol and decreased by KRG. Conclusion: Taken together, KRG may alleviate alcohol-induced spatial working memory impairments and addictive responses through anti-neuroinflammatory activity rather than through the PKA-CREB signaling pathway.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.725-734
• /
• 2024

CYP102A1 from Bacillus megaterium is an important enzyme in biotechnology, because engineered CYP102A1 enzymes can react with diverse substrates and produce human cytochrome P450-like metabolites. Therefore, CYP102A1 can be applied to drug metabolite production. Terpinen-4-ol is a cyclic monoterpene and the primary component of essential tea tree oil. Terpinen-4-ol was known for therapeutic effects, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. Because terpenes are natural compounds, examining novel terpenes and investigating the therapeutic effects of terpenes represent responses to social demands for eco-friendly compounds. In this study, we investigated the catalytic activity of engineered CYP102A1 on terpinen-4-ol. Among CYP102A1 mutants tested here, the R47L/F81I/F87V/E143G/L188Q/N213S/E267V mutant showed the highest activity to terpinen-4-ol. Two major metabolites of terpinen-4-ol were generated by engineered CYP102A1. Characterization of major metabolites was confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography-MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Based on the LC-MS results, the difference in mass-to-charge ratio of an ion (m/z) between terpinen-4-ol and its major metabolites was 16. One major metabolite was defined as 1,4-dihydroxyp-menth-2-ene by NMR. Given these results, we speculate that another major metabolite is also a mono-hydroxylated product. Taken together, we suggest that CYP102A1 can be applied to make novel terpene derivatives.

• Oncology Letters
• /
• v.42 no.6
• /
• pp.2686-2693
• /
• 2019

In recent years, efforts to treat cancer by improving the immune function of patients have received a great deal of attention. As part of the immune system, complement is also under such evaluation. Among the many components of the complement system, complement decay accelerating factor (CD55 or DAF) is known to inhibit complement-mediated cell lysis. However, little is known about the role of CD55 in terms of cancer therapy. The present study aimed to demonstrate that increased levels of CD55 are strongly correlated with the progression of colorectal cancer. A novel CD55 chimeric monoclonal antibody was developed that may boost the immune response, thereby suppressing cancer. The CD55 antibody treatment activated complement and therefore suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells. This tumoricidal activity is partly explained by the inflammatory response via the activation of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, the CD55 antibody treatment synergistically enhanced the tumoricidal activity of 5-FU in colorectal cancer cells, suggesting that combined treatment may be a better strategy in colorectal cancer therapy.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.11
• /
• pp.1244-1251
• /
• 2014

Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) has been known to possess many biological effects, including anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy activity and anti-obesity and hyperlipidemia effects. However, little research has been conducted regarding its anticancer effects, with the exception of its ability to stimulate apoptosis in skin cells. There has also been no study regarding PG-induced autophagy. The modulation of autophagy is recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Depending on the type of cancer and the context, autophagy can suppress or help cancer cells to overcome metabolic stress and the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate whether or not extracts from PG-induced cell death were connected with autophagy and apoptosis in HCT-116 human colon cancer cells. PG stimulation decreased cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, which was partially dependent on the activation of caspases. PG treatment also resulted in the formation of autophagic vacuoles simultaneously with regulation of autophagy-related genes. Interestingly, a PG-mediated apoptotic effect was further triggered by pretreatment with the autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenin and bafilomycin A1. However, cell viability recovered quite well with bafilomycin A1 treatment. These findings show that PG treatment promotes both autophagy and apoptosis and that PG-induced autophagic response might play a role in the autophagic cell death of HCT-116 cells.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2018

Background: Inula japonica Thunb. is a plant belonging to the family compositae. Inulae flos (flower of I. britannica var. chinensis Regal.) is the dried flower of I. japonica Thunb. and contains various flavonoids (patulitrin, nepitrin and kaempferol), which have been utilized in traditional oriental medicine to treat nausea, phlegm, and coughs. However, ethanol extract of I. britannica (IJE) has not been previously studied for its use in cancer treatment, and its effects on oxidative stress, or inflammation. Thus, the present study investigated the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-colorectal cancer effects of IJE using RAW264.7 and HCT-116 cells, which are human colorectal cancer cell line. Methods and Results: IJE contained flavonoids ($80.95{\pm}5.3mg/g$) and polyphenols ($310.53{\pm}10.6mg/g$). Moreover, it reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Additionally, the $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ IJE treatment increased caspase-3 activity and apoptotic cell death in HCT-116 cells. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the anti-cancer effect of IJE against human colorectal cancer cells involves caspase-3 activation and apoptotic cell death. IJE also inhibited LPS-induced NO production, and $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. However, further studies are required to explore how IJE treatment regulates signal transduction in NO and ROS production.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.44-51
• /
• 2013

Morinda officinalis (MO) is a oriental medicinal herb which has been used traditionally for the treatment of impotence, anti-inflammatory, menstrual irregularity action and various brain diseases including antidepressant and anti-stress. In order to examine the mechanism of anticonvulsive effect, we treated the methanol extract of MO (100, 200 mg/kg, P.0) to the sleeping time and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsive mice. The methanol extract of MO prolonged sleep time by pentobarbital. Dose-dependent of methanol extracts of MO were effected the concentration of GABA and GABA-T activity in the brain of PTZ-induced mice. Methanol extracts of MO significantly inhibited the convulsion state as well as the level of lipid peroxidation in the brain. The butanol and dichloromethane fraction of methanol extracts among the others effectively inhibited in vitro lipid peroxidation dose dependently ($5.0{\times}10^{-2}{\sim}20.0{\times}10^{-2}g/ml$).