• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 1986

To develop the potential use as new host strain for gene cloning, alkaline-tolerant isolates from soil were examined for amylase activity, protease activity, antimicrobial activity and transformability by using plasmid pUB 110. Of these strains, one was selected and identified as Bacillus sp. YA-14. in the enzymatic properties of Bacillus sp. YA-14 the optimal conditions for the reaction of amylase and protease were at pH 0.8 and pH 7.5 respectively. The antimicrobial activity of Bacillus sp. YA-14 was also found. For the transformation, Bacillus sp. YA-14 was cultured to late logarithmic growth phase ai 37$^{\circ}C$ in modified SPI medium (pH 8.0) containing 0.4% MgSO$_4$. The presence of pUB 110 plasmid DNA in transformants was confirmed by electrophoresis and stably maintained in the new host.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.179-188
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• 2019

This study was to confirm the effect of supplementation of superjami bran extract on lipid and antioxidant metabolism. Twenty-five subjects were recruited, and divided into Superjami group (n=12), and Placebo group (n=13) random assignment. Among the groups, the Superjami group took a Superjami bran extract (2 g/2 capsule/day), and the Placebo group took dextrin (2 g/2 capsule/day), for 12 weeks. As a result of the experiment, concentrations of TG, TC, and HDL-C in the blood, were significantly lower than those in the control group, and HDL-C was significantly higher. AI and HTR also showed positive values. Leptin did not differ significantly, but as a result of adipectin, the Superjami group displayed a higher value, compared to the Placebo group, and LAR also had significantly lower value. Antioxidant results showed that GPx, CAT, and RGLU, were significantly higher before as well as after intakes of the Superjami group, and significantly higher levels of the Superjami group, compared to the Placebo group. AOPP showed significantly lower values for the Superjami group, compared to the Placebo group. So, based on this study, ingestion of Superjami bran extract is effective in improving blood lipid concentrations as well as inflammatory substances, and has positive effects relative to increasing antioxidant activity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.180-184
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• 2003

The intrauterine inseminator (IUI) was developed to provide the method of depositing dog semen into the uterine body instead of the vagina. The IUI consists of a vaginal endoscope, a balloon sheath, and injection catheter. When the endoscope is inserted into the vagina and the balloon expanded with air, the cervical os becomes visible so a injection catheter can be inserted through the cervix for deposition of the frozen-thawed semen. The efficacy of the IUI device was compared to intra-vaginal artificial insemination using semen that had been collected and frozen from pooled sperm-rich fraction of ejaculates collected from two Jindo dog donors. Aliquots of semen were extended with a Tris-egg yolk diluent, centrifuged, the seminal plasma removed, the pellet resuspended with the same diluent, and cooled to $5^{\circ}C$ over a 2 h period. A Tris-egg yolk-glycerol extender was added at $5^{\circ}C$; after 1 h, semen was loaded into 0.5 ml straws, and straws were frozen in LN vapor for 5 min, and immersed in LN for storage. The final sperm concentration for freezing was approximately $100{\times}10^{6}cells/ml$. The straws were thawed at $70^{\circ}C$ for precisely 6 sec, 1.5 ml Tris-egg yolk buffer at $38^{\circ}C$ added, and the 2 ml of thawed semen was used for a single insemination using the IUI device. Each bitch was inseminated at optimal insemination point, which was estimated by vaginal epithelial cells staining and progesterone concentration analysis. Use of the IUI device resulted in 21 of 26 females giving birth to 89 pups ($4.2{\pm}1.6$ pups per litter), while intra-vaginal AI resulted in 6 of 15 females whelping a total of 17 pups ($2.8{\pm}1.2$ pups per litter). We believe the IUI device is easier to use than previously described devices used for intrauterine insemination. In our experience the expansion of the balloon has a calming effect on the bitch that aids the inseminator. These results indicate that the IUI device was able to provide high fertility with 50 million frozen sperm per insemination and two inseminations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.49-71
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• 1975

The importance of bamboo as raw material for bamboo wares and several kinds of industrial products is highly appreciated at home and abroad. But different kinds of bamboo-bundle systems have been traditionally used in the local areas. There being no reasonable bamboo-bundle system, we have a lot of difficulty in trading bamboo products and executing adrinistmative works. Therefore, a reasonable bamboo-bundle system based on scientific proofs needs to be tested and established for fair trade and administration. This study is carried out to solve the above difficulty with statistical investigation and analysis. The results obtained are as follows. 1. The larger the circles at eye-height become, the more the possibility of the largest internode covering the span between eye-height and 1/4 height increases. 2. The longest internodes are distributed according to a rule without relation to circles at eye-height. 3. The tapering grade of bamboo culms is very high and its form is almost the same without relation to its size. (Form exponent; 0.71-1.05, eye-height form factor; 0.60-0.66, 1/4 becomes, seeing that the circle grade and the percentage of actual volume height form factor; 0.61-0.69). 4. The larger the circles at eye-height are, the lower the percentage of actual volume have negative curve relation to each other. 5. It is considered that the numbers of bamboos bundled in a "Sok" is not decided according to the usefulness of bamboos, judging from the fact that the outputs of bamboo wares per "Sok" in every circle grade are not the same. 6. As the results of the regression analysis, the empirical formulae of several amounts to circles at eye-height and culm length are as follows; Volume, $${\hat{y}}_i=\bar{3}.821874+2.013181log\;C_i+0.839128log\;H_i$$ $$V=0.0066355\;C^{2.013181}\;H^{0.839128}$$ Actual volume, $${\hat{y}}_{ai}=3.915338+0.776549log\;C_i+1.857000log\;H_i$$ $$V_a=0.0082288\;C^{0.776549}\;H^{1.857000}$$ Weight, $$w_i=3.869148+1.936410log\;C_i+0.566904log\;H_i$$ $$W=0.0073986\;G^{1.936410}\;H^{0.565904}$$ 7. Korean Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. is almost the same as that of Japan in several amounts, just the same especially in the weight. 8. It is found that the bamboo-bundle systems of Korea and Japan have much closer relation to the weight than other amounts. So It is, therefore, considered that the weight is important factor in deciding bamboo-bundle system. 9. According to the item 8, I should like to propose the appropriate numbers per "Sok" adjusted on the basis of the weight in the Table 18.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.605-611
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• 2015

A synthetic strain of ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) was developed by introducing genes for long duration of fertility to be used as mother of mule ducklings and a seven-generation selection experiment was conducted to increase the number of fertile eggs after a single artificial insemination (AI) with pooled Muscovy semen. Reciprocal crossbreeding between Brown Tsaiya LRI-2 (with long duration of fertility) and Pekin L-201 (with white plumage mule ducklings) ducks produced the G0. Then G1 were intercrossed to produce G2 and so on for the following generations. Each female duck was inseminated 3 times, at 26, 29, and 32 weeks of age. The eggs were collected for 14 days from day 2 after AI. Individual data regarding the number of incubated eggs (Ie), the number of fertile eggs at candling at day 7 of incubation (F), the total number of dead embryos (M), the maximum duration of fertility (Dm) and the number of hatched mule ducklings (H) with plumage colour were recorded. The selection criterion was the breeding values of the best linear unbiased prediction animal model for F. The results show high percentage of exhibited heterosis in G2 for traits to improve (19.1% for F and 12.9% for H); F with a value of 5.92 (vs 3.74 in the Pekin L-201) was improved in the G2. Heritabilities were found to be low for Ie ($h^2=0.07{\pm}0.03$) and M ($h^2=0.07{\pm}0.01$), moderately low for Dm ($h^2=0.13{\pm}0.02$), of medium values for H ($h^2=0.20{\pm}0.03$) and F ($h^2=0.23{\pm}0.03$). High and favourable genetic correlations existed between F and Dm ($r_g=0.93$), between F and H ($r_g=0.97$) and between Dm and H ($r_g=0.90$). The selection experiment showed a positive trend for phenotypic values of F (6.38 fertile eggs in G10 of synthetic strain vs 5.59 eggs in G4, and 3.74 eggs in Pekin L-201), with correlated response for increasing H (5.73 ducklings in G10 vs 4.86 in G4, and 3.09 ducklings in Pekin L-201) and maximum duration of the fertile period without increasing the embryo mortality rate. The average predicted genetic response for F was 40% of genetic standard deviation per generation of selection. The mule ducklings' feather colour also was improved. It was concluded that this study provided results for a better understanding of the genetics of the duration of fertility traits in the common female duck bred for mule and that the selection of a synthetic strain was effective method of improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.279-288
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• 2017

This study investigated the manufacturing of fermented soybean oil using a fermenting strain commonly processed for soybeans [Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA), Bacillus subtilis (BS), Lactobacillus acidophilus (LBA), and B. subtilis+L. acidophilus (BLO)] and evaluated its anti-obesity activities. Cytotoxicity of four kinds of fermented soybean oils was not observed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes at 10 and $50{\mu}g/mL$. Triglyceride content was reduced by 20.6% in the BLO group at a treatment concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. The simultaneous treatment of fermented soybean oil and differentiation induction medium decreased $PPAR{\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$ gene expression at a concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$ and blocked adipocyte differentiation by increasing adiponectin gene expression. The inhibitory effect of adipocyte differentiation was greatest in the BLO group. C57BL/6J mice were examined for 4 weeks after being separated into seven groups [normal diet group (N), high fat diet group (C), group fed high fat diet combined with regular soybean oil (SO), group fed non-fermented soybean oil (NF), and groups fed high fat diet combined with 5% fermented soybean oil (BA, BS, LBA, and BLO)] to identify the effects of soybean oil on body weight, serum lipid, adiponectin, insulin, and leptin levels in mice with high fat diet-induced obesity. The body weight and serum lipid level of the C group increased drastically compared to those of the N group. In contrast, the group fed a diet combined with fermented soybean oil showed decreases in weight, serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels compared to those of the C group. Moreover, soybean oil was found to be effective in the BLO group. In conclusion, fermented soybean oil has positive effects in prohibiting adipocyte differentiation increased by high fat diet and improving serum lipid composition. Therefore, fermented soybean oil can be used as a functional food material with anti-obesity activity.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.11-17
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a method to build a knowledge base based on natural language processing for intelligent battlefield awareness service. The current command and control system manages and utilizes the collected battlefield information and tactical data at a basic level such as registration, storage, and sharing, and information fusion and situation analysis by an analyst is performed. This is an analyst's temporal constraints and cognitive limitations, and generally only one interpretation is drawn, and biased thinking can be reflected. Therefore, it is essential to aware the battlefield situation of the command and control system and to establish the intellignet decision support system. To do this, it is necessary to build a knowledge base specialized in the command and control system and develop intelligent battlefield awareness services based on it. In this paper, among the entity names suggested in the exobrain corpus, which is the private data, the top 250 types of meaningful names were applied and the weapon system entity type was additionally identified to properly represent battlefield information. Based on this, we proposed a way to build a battlefield-aware knowledge base through mention extraction, cross-reference resolution, and relationship extraction.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.239-246
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• 2013

The foot and mouth disease and AI were highly contagious. The virus can be transmitted in a number of ways, including close-contact animal to animal spread, long-distance aerosol spread and fomites, or inanimate objects, typically fodder and motor vehicles. A lot of burial sites were constructed in a short time for preventing the rapid spread of the virus. The carcass burial sites have a risk potential because the sites were constructed without any appropriate and systematic management. It resulted from lacking of time, equipments and man power. The carcass burial sites more than 4,700 constructed in 2011. Approximately 7 million poultry and 3.5 million livestock including head of cattle and swine were buried in farm land. It is time to be concerned if the secondary pollutions occur from the burial sites. The environmental impacts should be analyzed for managing the burial sites effectively and minimizing damages and risks to the environment and human health. This study was to analyze environmental impacts of the process of carcass burial construction using a life cycle assessment methodology. All input data of raw materials and energy usage were collected and the inventory was constructed. The results showed that 1 ton of carcass burial of the environmental impacts were $0.51yr^{-1}$ for ADP, 0.09 kg of 1,4DCB-eq for FAETP, 31.17 kg of $CO_2-eq$ for GWP, 0.04 kg of $C_2H_4-eq$ for POCP, 0.06 kg of $SO_2-eq$ for AP.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.203-207
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of semen extenders on the motility, viability and fertility in vitro of spermatozoa during storage of fresh boar semen diluted in different commercial extenders used for pig artificial insemination (AI). In this experiment, semen were diluted in Androhep plus, Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS), Modena, Seminark and Vitasem LD. Five ejaculates were collected from three Duroc boars and sub-samples were diluted ($30{\times}10^6$ spermatozoa/ml) in different extenders. Semen was stored at $170^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. Sperm motility and viability was assessed using Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) and flow-cytometry on 1, 3, 5 and 10 day post collection The motility of spermatozoa stored in different extenders was gradually decreased by increasing the duration of storage of semen. However, there was not significant1y different in the sperm motility and viability among other extenders. On the other hand, the in vitro-matured oocytes were fertilized and cultured in vitro to assess the fertility of boar spermatozoa stored for 3 and 10 days in different extenders. The percentage of morula and blastocyst were taken as indicators of fertility in vitro of spermatozoa. Therefore, there were no differences in the rate of embryos developed to the molular and blastocyst stage. There were no differences in the motility and fertility in vitro among 5 kinds of commercial boar semen extenders.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 2001

Slide tracheoplasty. as a treatment for congenital tracheal stenosis, has been recently reported to have good results and quite a number of advantages as compared with conventional tracheoplasties. The aim of this study is to report a new surgical technique modified from the slide tracheoplasty. "the slide cricotracheoplasty" for the congenital cricotracheal stenosis. A girl was born by Cesarean section and the diagnosis of esophageal atresia (Gross type C) and cricotracheal stenosis (30 % of total length of trachea) was established. Esophageal atresia was successfully corrected at the 8th day of life. At the 31st day of life, corrective surgery for congenital cricotracheal stenosis. the slide cricotracheoplasty. was performed with success. Slide cricotracheoplasty is almost the same procedure as slide tracheoplasty except for two technical features. First the cricoid cartilage was split on its anterior surface. Second the split cricoid cartilage was fixed to pre vertebral fascia to maintain enough space to accommodate the sliding caudal segment of trachea because of the stiffness of the cricoid cartilage. We believe that the sliding cricotracheoplasty is a new surgical technique for congenital cricotracheal stenosis that has similar results and advantages as the sliding tracheoplasty.