• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 2010

Elderly people comprise an increasing proportion of the population, and nutritional impairments may contribute to health problems among this group. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional status by Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and to identify relationships among anthropometric measurements, biochemical indicators, bone Mineral Density (BMD) and MNA results among older adults (${\geq}$65 yrs, n=98, 66.7${\pm}$2.5 yrs; M=52, F=46, BMI 24.5${\pm}$2.8 $kg/m^2$) at a Health Care Center. A dietitian administered MNA and collected anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference), biochemical indicators (albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, TLC, glucose, lipids) and the BMD (spine, femur, F=46). Subjects were grouped into a normal nutrition group (0~2 risk factors of malnutrition) and a high risk of malnutrition group (>=3 risk factors of malnutrition) based on their risk factor status for malnutrition. The risk factors for malnutrition include age ${\geq}$65 years, PIBW <90%, albumin <3.5 g/dl, TLC <1,500%, Hgb <14 g/dl (men), Hgb <10 g/dl (women), loss of appetite and weight loss 1~3 kg/last 3 months. In addition, subjects were grouped into a normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis group by BMD. We found that 12% of the subjects were at risk of malnutrition (MNA score, 21.4${\pm}$2.1) and that 88% were well nourished (27.3${\pm}$1.5) according to the MNA. Full-MNA scores were positively and significantly (p<0.05) associated with BMI, mid-arm circumference (MAC), calf circumference (CC), albumin and hemoglobin, respectively. The full-MNA score of the high risk of malnutrition group (23.0${\pm}$3.8) was lower than that of the normal nutrition group (27.0${\pm}$2.1) (p<0.05). In addition, the Full-MNA score was negatively associated with the risk factor of malnutrition (r=－0.35, p=0.0004). We found that 39.1% of the subjects had osteoporosis, 45.7% had osteopenia and 15.2% were normal according to their BMD. The MNA score of osteoporosis group (24.58${\pm}$3.3) was lower than that of the normal (27.4${\pm}$1.1) and osteopenia group (26.9${\pm}$1.5) (p<0.05). These results suggested that MNA can be useful as a nutritional screening tool of older adults in Health Care Centers.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.356-364
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the exposure pathway of PBDEs in human breast milk collected from new mothers residing in Chuncheon, a comparatively clean area in Korea. The congeners of PBDE in 22 human breast milk samples were analyzed using a high resolution gas chromatography with a high resolution mass detector. The residue level of ${\sum}PBDEs$ was higher in primipara subjects than in multipara subjects (p<0.05). The levels in this study were similar to those of people in some Asian and European countries, but were lower than those of people in north America. In the congener profiles, BDE-47 (mean contribution=36.1%) was predominant, followed by BDE-153 (27%), BDE-99 (11.7%), BDE-100 (11.1%), BDE-28 (7.9%) and BDE-183 (3.5%). The sum of BDE-47 and BDE-153 accounted for more than 50% of ${\sum}PBDEs$ in most samples. BDE-47 was highly correlated with ${\sum}PBDEs$ (r=0.94, p<0.001). No strong trend was observed between PBDE levels and a number of key biological factors (women's age, weight, height and body mass index) examined in this study, however, weak correlations were observed in PBDE levels measured against dietary habits, particularly in fish consumption frequency. It seems that Korean people might be exposed to multiple sources including products of PBDEs, and particularly food resources.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2004

Recently, many people want to know their state of health, such as a body fat rate, anywhere and anytime. The Personal Digital Assistance(PDA) is the portable wireless apparatus that has become widely popular. There are many application areas of the IDA to be in mobile care devices. In this study, we developed the PDA based body fat measurement system, composed of a cradle type measurement module and a WindowCE operated software module, a regression equation for predicting lean body mass (LBM). Sixty-three weight-stable subjects (53 men, 10 women) aged 20∼32yr participated in this study. A regression model, LBM ＝ (0.0005＊Height2 - 0.0160＊Impedance ＋ 0.3920＊Weight - 0.0684＊Age - 5.8141＊Sex ＋ 25.984, was found. The correlation coefficient( r) of body fat rate between developed system and HTM1000plus(BionetTM) was 0.928. HTM1000plus is a commercially available and approved by KFDA. These results indicated that developed system is reliable for estimation of body fat rate. Although developed system is the PDA based miniaturized, it shows good performance comparing with other commercial product.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1143-1150
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• 2005

Antioxidative activities of 5 common edible seaweeds in Korea, three brown algae (seaweed fusiforme, sea mustard, sea tangle), one green algae (sea lettuce) and one red algae (laver), were examined. The antioxidative activities of ethanol extracts from these seaweeds were examined by measuring of inhibition rates against iron-induced linoleate peroxidation, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl -2-picrylhydrazyl) radical generation and MDA-BSA (malondialdehyde-bovine serum albumin) conjugation. Sea lettuce ethanol extract showed the strongest anti-oxidative activity among them, especially in inhibition against conjugation of lipid peroxide and protein. Second to sea lettuce, laver and sea tangle ethanol extracts showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity and inhibition against MDA-BSA conjugation. However, seaweed fusiforme and sea mustard ethanol extracts did not show antioxidative activities. Sea mustard contained the highest total flavonoids (11.33 mg/g dry wt) and sea lettuce contained the highest total polyphenol (8.97 mg/g dry wt) among these seaweeds. In addition, there was strong positive correlation between the antioxidative activity and total polyphenol content in these seaweeds, suggesting polyphenol compounds may contribute to antioxidative effect of seaweeds. From these data, it is suggested to consume much of seaweeds such as sea lettuce, laver and sea tangle to prevent age-related chronic diseases, and also develope neutraceutical products using polyphenol rich fraction from sea lettuce.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2018

Purpose: This study is to investigate the pattern of discomfort, coping style and relief level of female workers. Methods: The subjects were 394 women who worked at three general hospitals located in S city and agreed to the purpose of this study. Data were collected April 20~30, 2010, and one-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation were performed using descriptive statistics using SAS 9.2. Results: showed that discomfort during menstruation was significantly different from age, marital status, pregnancy experience, and birth experience. The average degree of discomfort during menstruation was $2.46{\pm}0.68$, which was the average of 5, and the pattern was pain, water accumulation and behavior change. The degree of mitigation according to coping strategies was the most effective at $3.55{\pm}0.58$, and the relationship between coping behavior and discomfort during menstruation was correlated only with avoidant coping. p = .001). Conclusion: In order to mitigate the inconvenience of menstruation, women should seek to cope with their own coping strategies rather than passive coping methods and suggest the development of an educational program that can relieve the discomfort during menstruation.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.865-878
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• 1999

With advances in neonatal medicine, smaller and sicker infants are surviving premature birth. As these tiny patients battle for their lives, their parents also struggle with psychological consequences of an unexpected role. The birth of a sick infants has long been documented as stressful events for the parents. High stress levels may alter parents' interaction with their baby and impair their communication with health professionals, which can in turn affect parents' participation in care planning and decision making. Nursing interventions aimed at reducing the parental stress and anxiety levels during this crisis may have a positive impact on their ability to form an attatchment to their baby and make prudent decisions about his care. The planning of such interventions would be inhanced if the contributions of various factors to increased parental stress levels were identified. This descriptive study was conducted to understand the contents and degree of parental stress in the NICU during their premature's hospitalization, and to give a baseline data in developing nursing intervention program. Subjects were the 60 mother of hospitalized newborn in NICU of 2 University Hospital in Taejon City from April 1st, 1999 to June 30th, 1999, who agreed to take part in this study. The instrument used in this study were Parental Stressor Scales:NICU(PSS:NICU) developed by Miles et al.. and validated by 3 NICU practitioners and 3 child health nursing faculties. The questionnaire has 4 dimensions and 45 items; sight and sounds of NICU(5 items), babies' appearance and behavior nursing intervention(19 items), parental role alteration and relationship with their baby(10 items), health team communication(11 items). The questionnaire asks parents to rate each item on a five-point Likert type scale that ranges from "not stressful" (1) to "extremely stressfu1"(5). Total scores representing overall stress from the NICU environment are calculated by summing response to each item. A high score indicates high stress. A subscale score is calculated by summing the responses to each item in the subscale. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficients were .93. The data was analyzed as average, Frequency, Standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient by use of SPSS/PC+. The results of this study is summarized as follows ; 1. The total perceived stress level score of mothers of premature baby was slightly high($3.66{\pm}1.1$). The highest scored dimension was 'relationship with their baby and parental role change'($4.21{\pm}0.9$), and next were 'appearance and behavior of the baby'($3.92{\pm}1.1$), 'communication with health team'($3.32{\pm}1.3$), 'sight and sounds of NICU'($3.30{\pm}1.1$). 2. There were statistically significant correlation noted ; mother's perceived severity of the baby's condition(F=8.0012, P= .0125) and baby's gestational age(r = -.4724, P = .0500). In summary, information about physical environment of NICU, the mother's perceived severity of premature baby's state, maternal role change related variables and the knowledge of characteristics of premature baby must be included in nursing intervention program of mother's of premature baby in reducing the parental stress and anxiety level. It is suggested that each NICU needs to develop a nurse managed supportive care program for parents of premature baby. Also, it is suggested that there need to investigate the coping mechanism of mother of premature baby.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2003

This paper focused on providing the groundwork for the development of proper nursing interventions to enhance the quality of life for the elderly by identifying the factors that may affect their health beliefs and behaviors. A survey was conducted on a group of people aged between 60 and 86 years residing in S and K cities from January to March of 2003, who agreed to participate in the research. Data was collected using instruments measuring health beliefs and health behaviors, and was analyzed by using SPSS. The results of this study are as follow. 1) Those in the group were aged between60 and 86 years, and the average age was 66.94 years old. Most of them were living together with their spouses. From the survey, 83.5% replied "above average" on the question regarding their current health condition, whereas, 46.0% mentioned that they had some sort of diseases. 2) Overall average score of the health belief was 516.05, with a mean $3.71{\pm}4.07$. This indicates that the studied group held a high level of health belief, which affects their attitude and intention to lead a healthy life by placing the present life under control in harmony with nature. 3) Overall average score of the health behaviors was 392.24 with a mean $2.82{\pm}.52$. For health purposes, the behaviors that the elderly people were taking were mostly static ones requiring a low level of activity. The analysis showed that they generally were involved in self-trained, individualized health care. Thus, the elderly place a higher priority on regular dietary behaviors than on physical activity. 4) The correlation between health belief, a cognitive aspect on health, and health behaviors, a behavioral aspect showed a very high linear relationship (r=.520, p<.000). Consequently, it is found that those who have higher cognitive health belief are involved in higher level of behavioral health practice. These findings concluded that the Korean elderly have good health beliefs, well controlling their minds and being harmonious with nature. Health behaviors that they are engaged in are mostly static, requiring low level activity, while they place higher priority on regular dietary habits and conducting self-trained individualized health care. Important factor affecting their health beliefs and health behaviors was found to be their health practice. Since higher health belief is highly related with good health behaviors, development of health activity programs is in need as a means for an efficient health improvement, where motivating environment may be established to enhance the health belief of the elderly and to satisfy individual values.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.418-435
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• 1991

The purposes of this study were to find out the effects of hospice care for the quality of life of the terminally - ill patients and to analyze the relationship between the effect of hospice care and the general characteristics of subjects. The subjects of the study were 32 terminally - ill patients hospitalized in the two general hospitals in Seoul, which have the hospice care unit. The data were collected using the questionnaire with interviews. They were done from Sept.28, 1989 to March 20, 1991. The tools used for the research were 17-item questionnaire regarding general characteristics, 42-item questionnaire about the quality of life (11- item for physical, 16 for psychosocial, and 15 for spiritual). The questionnaires were to measure the duality of life by means of the measure instruments of Betty R. Farewell(1989), Stein Kaasa(1988), Palm Pamela(1987), and Hwa-sook Choi(1987). 42 items were used after pre-test. In accordance with each purpose in this study, frequency and percentage were used on the general characteristics of subjects. ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson correlation were employed to evaluate the general characteristics of subjects and different level of quality of life before-and-after hospice care. The results of the study may be summarized as follws : 1. The effects of hospice care. Main Hypothesis : “The quality of life of the terminally - ill patients will be different from before-and-after hospice care” was supported(t＝6.82, df＝31, p＝ .000). Sub Hypothesis 1 : “The quality of life of the terminally - ill patients in the physical aspects will be different from before - and -after hospice care” was not supported(t＝0.07, df＝31, p＝ .946). Sub Hypothesis 2 : “The quality of life of the terminally - ill patients in the psychosocial aspects will be different from before-and-after hospice care” was supported (t＝4.69, df＝31, p＝ .000). Sub Hypothesis 3 : “The quality of life of the terminally - ill patients in the spiritual aspects will be different from before-and-after hospice care” was supported(t＝6.64, df＝31, p＝ .000). 2. Relationship between the general characteristics of subjects and the effects of hospice care. (1) The more the number of family, the higher the quality of life in the psychosocial aspects. (2) The higher the age of the patient, the lower the quality of life in the psychosocial aspects. (3) The high educational level of patients enjoy the high quality of life in general. (4) The high religious level of petients enjoy the higy Quality of life in the spiritual aspects. As a results of analysis above : 1. The most effective aspects of the hospice care to the terminally- ill patients was spiritual aspects. The next effective aspects was psychosocial area. 2. The least effective aspcets of the hospice care to the terminally- ill patients was physical aspects. Further study is needed to improve the quality of life in the physical aspects.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.174-184
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutrients intakes, glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) according to obesity index in elementary school students. The study subjects included 229 elementary school students (boys=108, girls=121) who were divided into 3 groups consisting of an underweight group (obesity index<-10%, n=58), a normal weight group (10%${\leq}$ obesity index<10%, n=130) and an overweight group (obesity index${\geq}$10%, n=41) by their obesity index. The nutrient and food intakes data obtained by a 3-day food record were analyzed. Daily dietary GI and GL values were calculated from the 3-day food record. The average age of the subjects was 11.9 years. The mean daily energy intake was 2,186.8 kcal in the underweight group, 2,123.5 kcal in the normal weight group, and 2,174.2 kcal in the overweight group. The intakes of calcium and animal calcium per 1,000 kcal in the overweight group were significantly lower than in the underweight and normal weight groups (p<0.01, p<0.05), and fruit, egg and milk intakes in the overweight group were lower than those in the underweight group (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05). The mean daily dietary GI of the underweight, normal weight, and overweight groups were 67.7, 68.4 and 69.5, respectively (p<0.05). The mean daily dietary GL of the underweight, normal weight, and overweight groups were 212.8, 208.1 and 213.3, respectively. The major food source of dietary GI and GL in the three groups was rice. Other major food sources of dietary GI were croquettes, hand-rolled noddle soups, instant noddles, milk, and rice cake. Dietary GI was not significantly correlated with weight, obesity or body mass index, when adjusted for energy, carbohydrate, and dietary fiber. However, GL adjusted to energy, carbohydrate and dietary fiber tended to correlate with obesity index (r=0.126, p=0.059). These results suggest that dietary GI and GL have possibility affecting obesity-related indicators in elementary school students.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2008

A layer feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of high quality corn distiller's dried grains with solubles(DDGS) on laying performance and nutrient metabolizabilities. A total of 216 Hy-line Brown layers, 23-wk of age, were employed in a 10-wk feeding trial consisting of three dietary treatments(0%, 10%, and 20% DDGS), and six replicates per treatment. All experimental diets were prepared as iso-protein(17%) and iso-calorie(2,780 kcal/kg). At the end of the trial, the effect of DDGS on fecal ammonia emission was also estimated. The use of DDGS up to 20% in layer diets did not affect the feed intake, laying rate, egg weight, and feed conversion ratio(P>0.05). The DM metabolizability decreased significantly(P<0.05) by the DDGS supplementation(P<0.05). The NFE metabolizability decreased gradually as the level of DDGS increased(P<0.05). The fecal ammonia emission from DDGS-fed birds tended to decrease as the storage days extended. In conclusion, albeit DDGS has some unfavorable effects on DM and NFE metabolizabilities, it could be included in layer diets up to 20% level without any harmful effects on laying performance.