• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.487-500
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• 2021

Background: Although the erector spinae plane block has been used in various truncal surgical procedures, its clinical benefits in patients undergoing spinal surgery remain controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinical benefits of erector spinae plane block in patients undergoing spinal surgery. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for randomized controlled trials comparing the erector spinae plane block with a nonblocked control for spinal surgery. Results: Twelve studies encompassing 696 subjects were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. We found that the erector spinae plane block decreased postoperative pain scores and opioid consumption in the postoperative and intraoperative periods. Moreover, it prolonged the time to the first rescue analgesic, reduced the number of patients who required rescue analgesia, and lowered the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. However, it did not exhibit efficacy in decreasing the incidence of urinary retention and itching or shortening the length of hospital stays, or the time to first ambulation. Conclusions: Erector spinae plane block improves analgesic efficacy among patients undergoing spinal surgery compared with nonblocked controls; however, there is insufficient evidence regarding the benefits of erector spinae plane block for rapid recovery.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.487-493
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• 2018

In recent years, various virtual reality contents have been explosively developed, and the 'chance operation' in previous studies was mentioned. This study tries to implement the Step Sequencer in the virtual reality. Through the theoretical background analysis and case studies of virtual reality, three major experiential values such as Value of Overcoming Constraints, Value of Strengthening Experience, and Value of Creating New Experience were induced. A convergencestep sequencer with the presence and immersion elements was developed and presented so that the music contents divided into 4 areas can be understood easily controlled more conveniently while keeping the identity of the step sequencer. It is expected that various convergence VR contentscan be developed in the future studies.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 2021

Antimicrobial activity of an aqueous extract from Caesalpinia sappan L. was investigated against skin flora such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Cutibacterium acnes, and Malassezia furfur. The yield and polyphenol content of the aqueous extract were 14.01±0.81% and 487.5±19.69 ㎍/mg-extract, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the aqueous extract against E. coli, S. aureus, C. acnes, and M. furfur was 0.875, 1.750, 1.750, and 1.750 mg/mL, respectively. In disc diffusion test, the aqueous extract of C. sappan L. increased the clear zone in a dose-dependent manner. The aqueous extract inhibited the microbial growth in a concentration-dependent manner.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.487-496
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• 2021

The analysis method of the microbiome has been evolving for a very long time, and the industrial field has grown rapidly with the start of human genome analysis 20 years ago. As continuous research continues, related industries have grown together, and among them, Illumina of the US has been leading the popularization of DNA analysis by developing innovative equipment and analysis methods since its establishment in 1998. In this paper, 'AiB Index', 'AiB Chart' using statistical process control and log-scale technique to analyze the gut microbiome analysis methodology and implement an algorithm that can analyze minute changes in the minor strains that can be overlooked in the existing analysis methods. want to implement. From the data analysis point of view, we proposed a platform for analyzing gut microbes that can collect fecal data, match and process gut microbes, and store and visualize the results.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.487-506
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• 2023

Looking from the past to the present, the earthquakes can be said to be type of disaster with most casualties among natural disasters. Soil liquefaction, which occurs under repeated loads such as earthquakes, plays a major role in these casualties. In this study, analytical equation models were developed to predict the probability of occurrence of soil liquefaction. In this context, the parameters effective in liquefaction were determined out of 170 data sets taken from the real field conditions of past earthquakes, using WEKA decision tree. Linear, Exponential, Power and Quadratic models have been developed based on the identified earthquake and ground parameters using Krill Herd algorithm. The Exponential model, among the models including the magnitude of the earthquake, fine grain ratio, effective stress, standard penetration test impact number and maximum ground acceleration parameters, gave the most successful results in predicting the fields with and without the occurrence of liquefaction. This proposed model enables the researchers to predict the liquefaction potential of the soil in advance according to different earthquake scenarios. In this context, measures can be realized in regions with the high potential of liquefaction and these measures can significantly reduce the casualties in the event of a new earthquake.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.487-492
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• 2023

The Korea Post plays a public role in providing postal services such as mail, savings, and insurance to the public. Although postal machines are becoming automated, workers are still exposed to various industrial accidents caused by being caught in the mail, and musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, occupational safety and health activities are needed to prevent serious accidents. In this study, the level of safety and health consciousness was analyzed for employees working in the postal logistics center The tasks such as regulations and procedures, organization composition, and safety and health education method improvement, were classified into five items and proposed, and efficient industrial accident prevention was presented.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.487-491
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• 2014

In this study, we measured the thermally and chemically induced residual stresses on glaze using the photoelastic method. Porcelain with thermally induced residual stress showed compressive stress of 49 MPa for thermal expansion mismatch and a locally fluctuated stress field over the glaze layer due to compensation of compressive stresses around pores. In the case of chemically strengthened porcelain, the compressive stress on the glaze was 151 MPa which was around 3 times higher than the stress on thermally strengthened glaze. The trend of fracture strength of thermally and chemically strengthened porcelains was coincident with that of the residual stress of porcelains.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.487-493
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• 2013

The effects of long-term fertilization on soil biological properties and microbial community structure in the plough layer in a rice paddy soil in southern Korea were investigated in relation to the continuous application of chemical fertilizers (NPK), straw based compost (Compost), combination these two (NPK + Compost) for last 40 years. No fertilization plot (Control) was installed for comparison. Though fertilization significantly improved rice productivity over control, the long-term fertilization of NPK and compost combination was more effective on increasing rice productivity and soil nutrient status than single application of compost or chemical fertilizer. All fertilization treatments had shown significant improvement in soil microbial properties, however, continuous compost fertilization markedly increased soil enzyme and microbial activities as compared to sole chemical fertilization. Results of microbial community structure, evaluated by EL-FAME (ester-linked fatty acid methyl esters) method, revealed big difference among Control, NPK, and Compost. However, both Compost and Compost+NPK treatments belonged to the same cluster after statistical analysis. The combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic amendments could be more rational strategy to improve soil nutrient status and promote soil microbial communities than the single chemical fertilizer or compost application.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.487-498
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• 2016

The Ministry of Education has serviced nationwide the diagnosis-supplement system for basic academic skills for elementary and middle schools since 2013. The purpose of this paper is to propose an improvement plans of the diagnosis-supplement system by analysing system utilization status, 2015 and requirements of teachers and experts. For this study, over three times the taking rates and achievement rates were analyzed and the interviews and consultations of teachers and professionals were also analyzed. In conclusion, we proposed the improvement plans of the diagnosis-supplement system for the each of teachers and students.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.487-494
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• 2014

This study investigates thermoregulatory behaviors of obese children for their thermal comfort. Nine normal-weight children (NWC) and nine obese children (OC) participated in the study. All subjects were fourth-graders and sixth-graders in elementary school. An informed consent form was obtained from each child and his or her mother. The questionnaire method was used, and the experiment was conducted to determine the preferred amount of clothing at $17^{\circ}C$ and the preferred temperature at $33^{\circ}C$. According to the results, OC were more susceptible to heat than NWC, whereas there was no significant difference in their susceptibility to cold. There were no significant differences of the oral temperature and the mean skin temperature between the two groups, but changes in forearm blood flow were less in OC than in NWC. There was no significant difference in the preferred amount of clothing between OC and NWC, and the preferred temperature was higher in NWC than in OC. The results based on the questionnaire are consistent with those based on the experiment. A compositive study of physical exercise, eating behavior, and wearing behavior should be useful for developing programs for preventing and treating obese children.