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Lower Bounds on Boundary Slope Diameters for Montesinos Knots

  • Ichihara, Kazuhiro;Mizushima, Shigeru
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.321-348
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    • 2009
  • In this paper, we give two lower bounds on the diameter of the boundary slope set of a Montesinos knot. One is described in terms of the minimal crossing numbers of the knots, and the other is related to the Euler characteristics of essential surfaces with the maximal/minimal boundary slopes.

Effect of Flow Rate on Erosion Corrosion Damage and Damage Mechanism of Al5083-H321 Aluminum Alloy in Seawater Environment (해수 환경에서 Al5083-H321 알루미늄 합금의 침식부식 손상에 미치는 유속의 영향과 손상 메카니즘)

  • Kim, Young-Bok;Kim, Seong-Jong
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.115-121
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    • 2020
  • In this study, erosion tests and erosion-corrosion tests of Al5083-H321 aluminum alloy were conducted at various flow rates in seawater. The erosion tests were conducted at a flow rate of 0 to 20 m/s, and erosion-corrosion tests were performed by potentiodynamic polarization method at the same flow rate. Characteristic evaluation after the erosion test was conducted by surface analysis. Characteristic evaluation after the erosion-corrosion test was performed by Tafel extrapolation and surface analysis. The results of the surface analysis after the erosion test showed that surface damage tended to increase as the flow rate increased. In particular, intermetallic particles were separated due to the breakdown of the oxide film at 10 m/s or more. In the erosion-corrosion test, the corrosion current density increased as the flow rate increased. Additionally, the surface analysis showed that surface damage occurred in a vortex shape and the width of the surface damage tended to increase as the flow rate increased. Moreover, damage at 0 m/s, proceeded in a depth direction due to the growth of pitting corrosion, and the damaged area tended to increase due to acceleration of the intermetallic particle loss by the fluid impact.

The Effects of Fabric and Sewing Methods on Mechanical Properties of Medical Compression Garments (소재 및 봉제 방법이 의료용 압박복 소재의 역학적 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Seok, Hye-Jung;Cho, Shin-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.60-70
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    • 2017
  • This study selects representative materials and sewing methods used to: produce medical compression clothing in domestic garment, understand physical properties according to sewing conditions before and after knitting, and propose a sewing method that can improve the functional properties of the medical pressure clothing for burn patients. This experiment used samples from two knitted fabrics of high-frequency, produced and sold among fabrics used to produce medical compression clothing in Korea. Sewing methods were N321, N502 and N601, most commonly used in the press clothing industry. Fabric A is most often reduced in EMT values when sewing N502. However, N321 and N502 are suitable sewing methods for the reliable to twist at the larger torsional shear and the larger 2HG, 2HG5 value. Fabric B is sewn with N601, the EMT value is the most elevated, LT value is also low and extensibility improves after sewing. N601 is shown as an appropriate sewing method for warp knitting. When sewing with N321, the torsional is stable but elongation is lacking. N502 is not good for torsional stability.

A Study of Metallurgical Phenomena in Austenitic Stainless Steel Fusion Welds (I) -Weldability of Commercial Austenitic Stainless Steels- (오스테나이트계 스테인리스강 용접부의 금속학적 현상에 관한 연구(I) - 시판 오스테나이트계 스테인리스강의 용접성 -)

  • 이종섭;김숙환
    • Journal of Welding and Joining
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.111-120
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    • 1998
  • To predict and evaluate metallurgical and mechanical behavior of th welds, it is essential to understand solidification behavior and microstructural evolution experienced in the welds, neither of which follows the equilibrium phase diagram because of rapid heating and cooling conditions. Metallurgical phenomena in austenitic stainless steel fusion welds, types 304, 309S, 316L, 321 and 304N, were investigated in this study. Autogenous GTA welding was performed on weld coupons, and primary solidification mode and phase distribution were investigated from the welds. Varestraint test was employed to evaluate solidification cracking susceptibilities of the alloys. GTA weld fusion zones in type 304, 321 and 304N stainless steels experienced primary ferrite solidification while those in type 309S primary austenite solidification. Type 316L exhibited a mixed type of primary ferrite and primary austenite solidification. The primary solidification mode strongly depended on $Cr_{eq}/Ni_{eq}$ ratio. In terms of solidification cracking susceptibility, type 309S that solidified as primary austenite exhibited high cracking susceptibility while the alloys experienced primary ferrite solidification showed low cracking susceptibility. The relative ranking in solidification cracking susceptibility was type 304=type 304N < type 321 < type 316L < type 309S.

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The Effect of Welding Method on the Electrochemical Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet

  • Kim, Young-Hune;Kim, Kyoo-Young
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.122-128
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    • 2010
  • The corrosion of the flexible tube in the automobile exhaust system is caused by the ambient water and chloride ions. Since welding is one of the key processes for the flexible tube manufacturing, it is required to select a proper welding method to prevent the flexible tube corrosion and to increase its lifetime. There are many studies about the efficiency of the welding method, but no systematic study is performed for the effect of welding method on the corrosion property of the austenitic stainless weldment. The aim of the present study is to provide information on the effect of two different welding methods of TIGW (tungsten inert gas welding) and PAW (plasma arc welding) on the corrosion property of austenitic stainless steel weldment. Materials used in this study were two types of the commercial austenitic stainless steel, STS321 and XM15J1, which were used for flexible tube material for the automotive exhaust system. Microstructure was observed by using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To evaluate the corrosion behavior, potentiodynamic and potentiostatic tests were performed. The chemical state of the passive film was analyzed in terms of XPS depth profile. Metallurgical analysis show that the ferrite content in fusion zone of both STS321 and XM15J1 is higher when welded by PAW than by TIGW. The potentiodynamic and potentiostatic test results show that both STS321 and XM15J1 have higher transpassive potential and lower passive current density when welded by PAW than by TIGW. XPS analysis indicates that the stable $Cr_2O_3$ layer at the outermost layer of the passive film is formed when welded by PAW. The result recommends that PAW is more desirable than TIGW to secure corrosion resistance of the flex tube which is usually made of austenitic stainless steel.

The Influence of Clinical Nurses' Sleep Disorder, Organizational Support, Health promotion behaviors on Burn-out (간호사의 수면장애, 조직 내 지지, 건강증진행위가 소진에 미치는 영향)

  • Jang, Jin Suk;Kim, Mi Young
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.27-33
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of clinical nurses' sleep disorder, organizational support, and health promotion behaviors on professional quality of life. The subjects were 256 nurses working in hospitals in more than 200 and less than 300 beds hospital in B and G cities. The data were collected from September 4, 2017 to September 11, 2017. The collected data were analyzed by frequency analysis t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS WIN 20.0. Burnout rate was 28.90± 4.00, burnout was associated with sleep disorder(r=-.321, p<.001), organizational support(r=-.321, p<.001), health promoting behavior(r=-,519 p<.001) showing a negative correlation. The factors affecting burnout were organizational support(β=-.113, p=.045), sleep disorder(β=-.129, p<.040), gender(β=-.131, p=.024), health promotion behaviors(β=-.423, p<.001) and the explanatory power was 32.2%. Based on these results, we aim to provide basic data for the development of various programs that can control burnout of nurses.

Wide-Band Measurements of Antenna-Coupled Microbolometers for THz Imaging

  • Tamminen, Aleksi;Ala-Laurinaho, Juha;Mallat, Juha;Luukanen, Arttu;Grossman, Erich N.;Raisanen, Antti V.
    • Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.132-137
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    • 2010
  • We present results of room-temperature characterization of lithographically manufactured antenna-coupled NbN micro-bolometers. The bolometers are assembled together with a hyper-hemispherical Si lens to couple the incident radiation to the bolometer from the back-side of the substrate. The bolometers are designed to operate at 300~1,000 GHz and they are characterized at 321~782 GHz. Radiation patterns are measured at 321 GHz, 400 GHz, 654 GHz, and at 782 GHz. The frequency dependency of the beamwidth is studied with several azimuthal beam profile measurements at 321~500 GHz.