• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1D
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• pp.107-117
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• 2008

Private financing is playing an increasing role in public infrastructure construction projects worldwide. However, private investors/operators are exposed to the financial risk of low profitability due to the inaccurate estimation of facility demand, operation income, maintenance costs, etc. From the operator's perspective, a sound and thorough financial feasibility study is required to establish the appropriate capital structure of a project. Operators tend to reduce the equity amount to minimize the level of risk exposure, while creditors persist to raise it, in an attempt to secure a sufficient level of financial involvement from the operators. Therefore, it is important for creditors and operators to reach an agreement for a balanced capital structure that synthetically considers both profitability and repayment capacity. This paper presents an optimal capital structure model for successful private infrastructure investment. This model finds the optimized point where the profitability is balanced with the repayment capacity, with the use of the concept of utility function and multi-objective GA (Generic Algorithm)-based optimization. A case study is presented to show the validity of the model and its verification. The research conclusions provide a proper capital structure for privately-financed infrastructure projects through a proposed multi-objective model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.638-641
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• 2004

This study suggests the optimum deconstruction management system for minimizing construction waste and increasing reuse and recycle rate of material to be different from traditional demolition. The purpose of this system is to minimize environmental damages and reduce construction waste quantity of a country by planning and operating preliminarily estimation of demolition quantity, demolition methods of each structural elements and reuse or recycle methods of C&D waste. This system is consist of four modules such as planning of preliminary demolition survey, estimating of demolition quantity, planning of demolition schedule and planning of construction waste management, and these all modules can be used individually module according to user's utilization purpose.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Optimal path planning refers to find the safe route to the destination at a low cost, is a major problem with regard to autonomous navigation. Sampling Based Planning(SBP) approaches, such as Rapidly-exploring Random Tree Star($RRT^*$), are the most influential algorithm in path planning due to their relatively small calculations and scalability to high-dimensional problems. $RRT^*$-Smart introduced path optimization and biased sampling techniques into $RRT^*$ to increase convergent rate. This paper presents an improvement plan that has changed the biased sampling method to increase the initial convergent rate of the $RRT^*$-Smart, which is specified as m$RRT^*$-Smart. With comparison among $RRT^*$, $RRT^*$-Smart and m$RRT^*$-Smart in 2 & 3-D environments, m$RRT^*$-Smart showed similar or increased initial convergent rate than $RRT^*$ and $RRT^*$-Smart.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1003-1007
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• 2015

Depth calibration is a procedure for finding the conversion function that maps disparity data from a depth-sensing camera to actual distance information. In this paper, we present an optimal depth calibration method for Kinect$^{TM}$ sensors based on an experimental design and convex optimization. The proposed method, which utilizes multiple measurements from only two points, suggests a simplified calibration procedure. The confidence ellipsoids obtained from a series of simulations confirm that a simpler procedure produces a more reliable calibration function.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.135-146
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• 2000

This study has adapted a genetic algorithm for an optimal design for the first time. The models using a simulation are the nonlinear models. Using an genetic algorithm in D-optimal, it is more efficient than previous algorithms to get an object function. Not like other algorithms, without any troublesome restrictions about the initial solution, not falling into a local optimal solution, it's the most suitable algorithm. Also if we use it without any adding experiments, we can use it to find optimal design of experimental condition efficiently.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.75-77
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• 2004

Stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS) is a technique to deliver a high dose to a particular target region and a low dose to the critical organ using only one or a few irradiations while the patient is fixed with a stereotactic frame. The optimized plan is decided by repetitive work to combine the beam parameters and identify prescribed doses level in a tumor, which is usually called a trial and error method. This requires a great deal of time, effort, and experience. Therefore, we developed the automatic arrangement of multi-isocenter within irregularly shaped tumor. At the arbitrary targets, which is this method based on the voxel unit of the space, well satisfies the dose conformity and dose homogeneity to the targets relative to the RTOG radiosurgery plan guidelines

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06c
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• pp.327-332
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• 2001

An experimental design technique is developed for estimating the moments of system response functions. It is easy to implement and provides accurate results compared with other traditional methods. It is based on the work of Taguchi, later improved by D'Errico and Zaino. The existing experimental techniques, however, is applicable only for normally distributed cases. In this article the three-level Taguchi method is extended to obtain optimum choice for levels and weights to handle nonnormal distributions. A systematic procedure for reliability analysis is then proposed by using the Pearson system and the narrow system reliability bounds. Illustrative examples including a tolerance optimization problem are shown very accurate comparing with those by Monte-Carlo simulations and the first-order reliability method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.518-519
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• 2016

AOI 검사기는 SMT 공정 상에서 PCB (printed Circuit Board) 상의 부품들을 카메라로 촬영하고 촬영된 영상을 2D 혹은 3D 형태의 이미지로 재구성하고 분석하여 이상 여무를 판단하는 장비다. 검사를 하고자 하는 PCB의 크기가 카메라가 촬영할 수 있는 영역 보다 큰 경우가 대부분이기 때문에 PCB 상에 마운트 되어 있는 부품들을 모두 촬영하기 위해서는 여러 차례 나누어 촬영해야 할 필요가 있으며 이 때문에 PCB 상에 촬영해야 하는 부품들을 가능한 FOV에 많이 포함될 수 있도록 여러 FOV 영역으로 나누고 이렇게 나누어진 FOV 영역들을 최적의 경로로 이동하며 촬영할 수 있도록 하기 위한 알고리즘이 필요하다. 기존 논문들은 대부분 이 문제를 해결하기 위한 알고리즘에 대해 다루어 왔다. 일반적으로 생산이 진행되는 시점에서는 검사해야 할 PCB에 대한 정보 (PCB의 크기, 부품의 위치, 크기, 종류 등)는 이미 정해져 있기 때문에 경로 계획 최적화 수행은 PCB 정보에 변동이 없다면 한차례만 하면 된다. 하지만 검사를 할 수 있도록 Teaching 하는 단계에서는 PCB 정보가 지속적으로 변경될 수 있으며 이에 따라 최적화를 여러 차례 수행해야 할 필요성이 있다. 최적화를 위한 처리 시간은 부품의 개수, PCB 상에서의 분포정도등에 따라 증가하기 때문에 PCB 정보가 변경될 때 마다 최적화를 수행하게 되면 비효율적으로 처리 시간이 증가하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이 문제에 대해 연구하고 해결책을 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 2009

Total profit level Increases if a company increase the cost for achieving R&D related goals of equipment productivity enhancement, production cost saving, or for achieving equipment scale target, sales volume goal. But how much money should be invested to achieve a certain level of profit? We formulated the model to set the optimal goal levels to minimize the investment cost under the constraint that certain level of total profit should be guaranteed. This model derived from a case of P steel company. We found that this should be considered in relation with the production sales planning (known as optimal product mix problem) to guarantee the profit. We suggested a nonlinear programming model, 3 valiant form of the p+roduct mix problem. We can find the optimal Investment level for the R&D related goals or sales volume goal, equipment scale target for the P steel company using the model.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2001

Purpose : To improve the local control of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer, we have implemented 3-D conformal radiotherapy and forward intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to used of compensating filters. Three dimension conformal radiotherapy with intensity modulation is a new modality for cancer treatments. We designed 3-D treatment planning with 3-D RTP (radiation treatment planning system) and evaluation dose distribution with tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). Material and Methods : We have developed a treatment plan consisting four intensity modulated photon fields that are delivered through the compensating tilters and block transmission for critical organs. We get a full size CT imaging including head and neck as 3 mm slices, and delineating PTV (planning target volume) and surrounding critical organs, and reconstructed 3D imaging on the computer windows. In the planning stage, the planner specifies the number of beams and their directions including non-coplanar, and the prescribed doses for the target volume and the permissible dose of normal organs and the overlap regions. We designed compensating filter according to tissue deficit and PTV volume shape also dose weighting for each field to obtain adequate dose distribution, and shielding blocks weighting for transmission. Therapeutic gains were evaluated by numerical equation of tumor control probability and normal tissue complication probability. The TCP and NTCP by DVH (dose volume histogram) were compared with the 3-D conformal radiotherapy and forward intensity modulated conformal radiotherapy by compensator and blocks weighting. Optimization for the weight distribution was peformed iteration with initial guess weight or the even weight distribution. The TCP and NTCP by DVH were compared with the 3-D conformal radiotherapy and intensitiy modulated conformal radiotherapy by compensator and blocks weighting. Results : Using a four field IMRT plan, we have customized dose distribution to conform and deliver sufficient dose to the PTV. In addition, in the overlap regions between the PTV and the normal organs (spinal cord, salivary grand, pituitary, optic nerves), the dose is kept within the tolerance of the respective organs. We evaluated to obtain sufficient TCP value and acceptable NTCP using compensating filters. Quality assurance checks show acceptable agreement between the planned and the implemented MLC(multi-leaf collimator). Conclusion : IMRT provides a powerful and efficient solution for complex planning problems where the surrounding normal tissues place severe constraints on the prescription dose. The intensity modulated fields can be efficaciously and accurately delivered using compensating filters.