• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.145-159
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to classify body type for ready-to-wear sizes. The subjects were 300 women ages of 18-24. they were measured direct anthropometry. The body types for sizing system were divided by Rohrer Index. KS drop value and ISO drop value. The results of this study were as follows. 1. By adapting the Rohrer Index. we classify 3 types from anthropometric measurements. The thin type covered 39.3%, the standard type 51.0% and the obesity type 18.7%. The characteristics of clusters were as follows. Thin type was characterized by tall. slender type and slim. The standard type was characterized by middle sized. The obesity type was characterized by short. fat type. and large bust. 2. By adapting the KS system drop value. we classify 3 types from anthropometric measurements. The H type(drop 0) covered 25.6%. the N type(drop 6) 65.2% and the A type(drop 12) 9.2%. Type H was slightly tall large bust. and curved from waist to hip. Type A was slightly thin. large hip and smaller bust than type N. Principal factor components were bust size. The height could be divided into three groups. The Petite(l50cm) covered 5.5%. the Regular(l60cm) 64.7% and the Tall(l70cm) 29.8%. Through the crosstab of height and body type. we extracted regular height by N type 46.2% the largest cell. The body type was the higher order of N type. H type and A type. The tall was the higher order of Regular. Tall and Petite. 3. By adapting the ISO system drop value. we classify 3 types from anthropometric measurements. The H type(drop 0) covered 15.0%. the M type(drop 6) 41.0% and the A type(drop 12) 44.0%. Type H was slightly short. slightly fat and large bust. Type A was slightly tall. slight thin than type M. The height could be divided into three groups. We adjust the height section after allow for height distribution. The Short(152cm) covered 12.8%. the Regular(160cm) 66.9% and the Long(168cm) 20.3%. Through the crosstab of height and body type, we extracted regular height by M type 29.3% the largest cell. The body type was the higher order of M type, A type and H type. The tall was the higher order of Regular, Long and short.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.823-834
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze types of nurse's attitudes toward the aging process. Methods: A Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. Thirty-four selected Q-statements from each of 38 subjects were classified into a shape of normal distribution using a 9 point scale. The collected data was analyzed using a QUANL PC program. Results: Five types of attitudes towards the aging process from research subjects in Korean nurses were identified. Type I is a positive acceptance type, Type II is a negative acceptance type, Type III is a passive coping type, Type IV is an active coping type, and Type V is an ambiguous acceptance type. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that different approaches of educational programs for elderly care are recommended based on the five types of nurse's attitude toward the aging process.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.102-112
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• 2003

This study was carried out to research and develop a shallow green rooftop system which would require low maintenance and therefore could be used for existing rooftops. To achieve these goals, the conceptual model was induced by past studies and the experimental systems were deduced from the conceptual model. On the growth of Sedum sarmentosum grown in these rooftop systems, the effects of artificial substrate type, soil depth, and drainage type were investigated from 3 April to 11 October 2002. Artificial substrates were an alone type and a blending type. The alone type was an artificial substrate formulated by blending crushed porous glass with bark(v/v, 6:4). The blending type was formulated by blending the alone type with loam(v/v, 1:1). Soil depths were 5cm, loom, and 15cm. Drainage types were a reservoir-drainage type and a drainage type. The reservoir-drainage type could keep water and drain excessive water at the same time. The drainage type could drain excessive water but could not keep water. Covering area, total fresh and dry weight, visual quality, and water content per 1g dry matter were measured. All the variables were analyzed by correlation analysis and factor analysis. The results of the study are summarized as follows. The growth increment was higher in the blending type than in the alone type, the highest in loom soil depth and higher in the reservoir-drainage type than in the drainage type. The growth quality was higher in the blending type than in the alone type, the highest in l0cm soil depth, and higher in the drainage type than in the reservoir-drainage type. In consideration of the permissible load on the existing rooftops and the effects of the treatments on the growth increment and quality, the system should adopt the blending type in artificial substrate types, 5~10cm in soil depths, and the drainage type in drainage types. This system will be well-suited to the growth of Sedum sarmentosum, and when the artificial substrate was in field capacity, the weight will be 75~115kg/$m^2$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1295-1302
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• 2003

In order to evaluate a failure behavior of pipe with notch-type wall thinning, the present study performed full-scale pipe tests using the 102mm, Schedule 80 pipe specimen simulated notch- and circular-type thinning defects. The pipe tests were conducted under the conditions of both monotonic and cyclic bending moment at a constant internal pressure of 10 MPa. From the results. of experiment the failure mode, load carrying capacity, deformation ability, and fatigue life of a notch-type wall thinned pipe were investigated, and they were compared with those of a circular-type wall thinned pipe. The failure mode of notched pipe was similar to that of circular-type thinned pipe under the monotonic bending load. Under the cyclic bending load, however, the mode was clearly distinguished with variation in the shape of wall thinning. The load carrying capacity of a pipe containing notch-type wall thinning was about the same or slightly lower than that of a pipe containing circular-type wall thinning when the thinning area was subjected to tensile stress, whereas it was higher than that of a pipe containing circular-type thinning defect when the thinning area was subjected to compressive stress. On the other hand, the deformation ability and fatigue life of a notch-type wall thinned pipe was lower than those of a circular-type wall thinned pipe.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Bioretention systems, an advance low impact development and green infrastructure approach were currently utilized in different parts of the world because it promotes biodiversity thereby mimicking and preserving the pre-developed state of an area. This study investigated and compared the capability of four bioretention systems to identify factors affecting the hydraulic capabilities and pollutant removal efficiencies of each system. The two bioretention type A referred as Type A-C and Type A-FC were planted with perennials such as Chrysanthemum and Fan columbine, respectively. On the other hand, the two type B bioretention systems referred as Type B-A and Type B-JM were planted with shrub plant species such as Azalea and Japanese Meadowsweet, respectively. Based on the results, TV, infiltration mechanism, filter media depth and plant species were identified as the factors affecting the difference in flow attenuation, retained volume and pollutant removal efficiency of Type A-C, Type A-FC, Type B-A and Type B-JM bioretention systems. The design of bioretention Type B-A and Type B-JM were advantageous considering greater volume retention, groundwater recharge, longer HRT and peak flow attenuation and greater pollutant removal efficiency. On the other hand, the design of bioretention Type A-C and Type A-FC was more appropriate for design considering reduced groundwater contamination.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.23-35
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to classify types of the eaves structure of buildings with the Jusimpo-type structure and to analyze the characteristics of each eaves structure. For this objective, forty buildings were selected and investigated. The results of analysis are summarized as follows. First, the main members of framework which handle a load burden on the long-rafter(長椽) are classified as the Jusim-dori(柱心道里) and the Oemok-dori(外目道里). Based on the method of handling a load, the eaves structure is classified into three types; the Jusim-processing-type(柱心中心形), the Oemok-processing-type(外目中 心形), and the Oemok-processing-variant-type(外目中心變異形). The Jusim-processing-type is the set where the internal length of a long-rafter is longer than the length of the eaves on the basis of the center of a column. The Oemok-processing-type is the set where the external length of a long-rafter is longer than the internal length of it. And the Oemok-processing-variant-type is the set where the internal length of a long-rafter is longer than the external length of it, but it is shorter than the length of the eaves which includes the extruded length of a Buyeon(浮椽). Second, the Jusim-processing-type had been generally adopted in the Jusimpo-type structure of the Goryeo Dynasty. But since the 17th century, the Oemok-processing-type had the highest application rate. Third, the change from the Jusimdori-processing-structure to the Oemokdori-processing-structure means that the long-rafter is moved to the direction of outside of the building, and thus the Jung-dori(中道里) is gradually moved to the column center. And, the change of the eaves with the Jusimpo-type structure was not a process for increasing the length of the eaves but a process for adopting the advantages of the Dapo-type structure by changing the arrangement of purlin. Fourth, the change from the Jusimpo-type structure to the Dapo-type structure could be understood as a process for moving the main point for handling a load from the Jusim-dori to the Oemok-dori.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.37 no.1 s.120
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• pp.5-15
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• 2007

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical performance of mini-screws during insertion into artificial bone with use of the driving torque tester (Biomaterials Korea, Seoul, Korea), as well as testing of Pull-out Strength (POS). Methods: Experimental bone blocks with different cortical bone thickness were used as specimens. Three modules of commercially available drill-free type mini-screws (Type A; pure cylindrical type, Biomaterials Korea, Seoul, Korea, Type B; partially cylindrical type, Jeil Medical, Seoul, Korea, Type C; combination type of cylindrical and tapered portions, Ortholution, Seoul, Korea), were used. Results: Difference in the cortical bone thickness had little effect on the maximum insertion torque (MIT) in Type A mini-screws. But in Type B and C, MIT increased as the cortical bone thickness Increased. MIT of Type C was highest in all situations, then Type B and Type A in order. Type C showed lower POS than Type A or B in all situations. There were statistically significant correlations between cortical bone thickness and MIT, and POS for each type of the mini-screws. Conclusion: Since different screw designs showed different insertion torques with increases in cortical bone thickness, the best suitable screw design should be selected according to the different cortical thicknesses at the implant sites.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1155-1166
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• 2001

The purposes of this research were 1) to identify shopping orientation according to customer's personality type, 2) to examine perceived importance of service and satisfaction of service related to customer's personality type, 3) to find the relationships of evaluation of salesperson's service and re-purchase intention in each of customer's personality types. The data were collected via self-administered questionnaires from 434 female formal wear shoppers. and were analyzed by frequency, factor analysis, ANOVA, Chi-square test, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows: Shopping orientations varied according to customer's personality type. E type had stronger Hedonic/self-confidence than I type, F type had higher Depending decision making than T type and P type had higher Quick decision making than J type. And service items satisfied the customers with a certain personality type. E type was satisfied with timely and proper A/S, not forcing to purchase and trustful behavior of salesperson more than I Type was. And also with expertise, individualized care, polite attitude, and merchandising promotion. N type was satisfied with individualized care more than S type was. A service evaluation criterion affected the re-purchase intention for a customer with a certain personality type. Customer's convenience in E. I. S, N, T, F, J types had a significant effect on re-purchase intention. And Expertise/ care in E, N, T, J types had a positive effect on re-purchase intention. also Politeness in E, I, S, N, T, J, P types did. But in only E type, Merchandising promotion affected re-purchase intention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.147-161
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• 2016

This study analyzed the effects of job style on job satisfaction and turnover intention of fashion models, and the difference in the job style, job satisfaction and turnover intention by model activities period. Data was collected by surveying fashion models with more than 10 modeling experiences, and 230 responses were used in the data analysis. The results of were as follows: First, the job style of fashion models were classified into professional ability type, social relationship-focused type, future-oriented type and body-boasting type. Job satisfaction was classified into satisfaction with working conditions, satisfaction with model activities, and satisfaction with relationships. Turnover intention was classified into intention to change jobs, and intention to quit modeling. Second, being a professional ability type had a negative effect on satisfaction with working conditions, whereas being a future-oriented type had a positive effect on it. The professional ability type and social relationship-focused type had a positive effect on satisfaction with model activities, and the social relationship-focused type had a positive effect on satisfaction with relationships. Third, the future-oriented type and body-boasting type had a negative effect on the intention to change jobs. The social relationship-focused type, future-oriented type and body-boasting type had a negative effect on the intention to quit modeling. Fourth, there were significant differences in the professional ability type, human relationship-focused type, body-boasting type, intention to change jobs and intention to quit modeling by model activities period. Therefore, it is necessary for domestic fashion models to have the appropriate attitude to develop features and competency required for modeling projects and if improvements are made to enhance job satisfaction of fashion models, the fashion modeling industry is expected to make further developments.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 1995

A morphological andk histochimical study on the amterior tintacular antenna of Korean sulg, Incilaria fruhstorferi was conducted under the light microscopic observations. The histological sturctures of the antenna were apparently divided into three parts such as the epithelium, the connective tissues and the muscular layers. The cells forming the antenna were classified into several types on the basis of their morphological and histochemical characteristics. The simple columnar epithelium cotering the whole antenna was composed of supporting cells, sensory neurons and type-a clear cells. The connective tissue was consisted of dispersed large cells, type-b clear cells and 7 types of secretory cills such as type-A, type-B, type-F, thpe-G, type-H, type-J and type-K. The large cells found in the form of group situated only in the stalk of the antenna. The large cells possessed relatively small nuclei as compared with their cytoplasm. The cytoplasm positively reacted upon alcian blue, and the nucleus was PASpositive. The type-a and type-b clear cells which were irregular in shape showed no evident reaction against various stains employed in the present study. The secrtory cells were observed mainly in the connective tissues and in the muscular layers. Histochemical components of the type-A, type-B and K were identified as acid mucopolysaccharides and those of type-F and H were neutral mucopolysaccharides. The muscular layders supporting the epithelium possessed the type-B and F secretory cells which were also observed in the connective tissues.