• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.95-106
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• 1995

The effects of various n-6/n-3 ratios(about 2, 4, 6, 8) of dietary fatty acids on various lipid levels and prostaglandin production were studied at the constant P/S ratio (1.5-1.6) in young (5 weeks old) and adult(8 months old) Sprague-Dawley rats using palm oil, safflower oil and sardine oil. The concentration of serum cholesterol tended to increase with the increasing n-6/n-3 ratio. The tendency of HDL-cholesterol levels was similar to serum cholesterol levels. These were not apparent differences between young and adults rats. Serum triglyceride levels increased according to increasing n-6/n-3 ratio in young rats. These were generally high in the adult rats compared with the young rats. Though liver cholesterol level tended to increase according to the increasing n-6/n-3 ratio in the young rats. The liver triglyceride level did not change according to the n-6/n-3 ratio. However, these levels were apparently higher in the adult than in the young rats. The fatty acid compositions of phosphatidylcholine(PC) were similar in serum and liver. The arachidonate/linoleate ratios in tissue PC were influenced by the n-6/n-3 ratio. They tended to be lower in the adult rats compared with the young rats. It was suggested that the activity of $\Delta$6-desturase was decreased by aging. Production of platelet thromboxane A2(TXA2)and aortic prostacyclin(PGI2) was not apparently influenced with n-6/n-3 ratio. Whereas the ratio of TXA2/PGI2 was the lowest value at 3.8 of n-6/n-3 ratio, expecially in the young rats. Thus this ratio seemed to be a desirable level to protect atherosclerosis. These results indicate that the lipid level and prostaglandin production were influenced not only by n-6/n-3 ratio(under constant P/S ratio) but by aging, particulary triglycerde level and arachidonic/linoleic acid ratio.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.21-24
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• 1998

The properties of ZrN layer deposited by Sputtering system have been investigated in the application of diffusion barrier layer to copper. ZrN layer exhibited a excellent barrier property up to $700^{\circ}$ and higher resistivity. If an excess $O_2$is protected during the process of ZrN deposition, ZrN layer will be possible to use a diffusion barrier layer to copper.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.202-216
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• 2017

Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient. Thus, evaluating its flows and stocks in rice paddy ecosystems provides important insights into the sustainability and environmental loads of rice production. Among the N sources of paddy fields, atmospheric deposition and irrigation inputs remain poorly understood. In particular, insufficient information is available for atmosphere-rice paddy exchange of gaseous and particulate reactive N (Nr, all N species other than molecular N) which represents the net input or output through dry deposition and emission. In this study, we assessed the N inputs via atmospheric deposition and irrigation to a Japanese rice paddy area by weekly monitoring for 2 years with special emphasis on gas and particle exchange. The rice paddy during the cropping season acted as a net emitter of ammonia ($NH_3$) to the atmosphere regardless of the N fertilizer applications, which reduced the effects of dry deposition to the N input. Dry N deposition was quantitatively similar to wet N deposition, when subtracting the rice paddy $NH_3$ emissions from N exchange. The annual N inputs to the rice paddy were 3.2 to $3.6\;kg\;N\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ for exchange, 8.1 to $9.8\;kg\;N\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ for wet deposition, and 11.1 to $14.5\;kg\;N\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ for irrigation. The total N input, 22.8 to $27.5\;kg\;N\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, corresponded to 38% to 55% of the N fertilizer application rate and 53% to 67% of the brown rice N uptake. Monitoring of atmospheric deposition and irrigation as N sources for rice paddies will therefore be necessary for adequate N management.

• Journal of Applied and Pure Mathematics
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• 제4권3_4호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2022

The objective of this research paper is to prove that an additive mapping T from a semiprime ring R to itself will be centralizer having a suitable torsion restriction on R if it satisfy any one of the following algebraic equations (a) 2T(xⁿyⁿxⁿ) = T(xⁿ)yⁿxⁿ + xⁿyⁿT(xⁿ) (b) 3T(xⁿyⁿxⁿ) = T(xⁿ)yⁿxⁿ+xⁿT(yⁿ)xⁿ+xⁿyⁿT(xⁿ) for every x, y ∈ R. Further, few extensions of these results are also presented in the framework of *-ring.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2014

본 논문은 모바일 웹앱 환경에서의 N-스크린 활용에 관한 연구를 통하여 향후 모바일 웹앱 환경에서 제이쿼리 모바일 기반의 시스템 설계 및 구현을 제안하는데 있다. 현재 클라우드 컴퓨팅 시대에서 대표적인 서비스 형태가 N-스크린이다. N-스크린 시대를 가속화 시키는 요인은 사용자들이 모든 디바이스들에 대하여 만능의 기능을 요구하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 상황은 동일한 사용자 경험을 원하는 이용자들의 욕구에 반하는 것이며 N-스크린 시대는 이러한 이질적인 서비스를 용납하지 않는다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 제이쿼리 모바일 환경에서 N-스크린 기반의 영화예매 시스템을 구현하여 파일럿 시스템 분석 및 설계의 구조와 프레임워크를 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2016

Suppression of the superconducting transition temperature ($T_c$) of NbN thin films in superconductor/ferromagnet multilayers has been investigated. Both superconducting NbN and ferromagnetic FeN layers were deposited on thermally oxidized Si substrate at room temperature by using reactive magnetron sputtering in an $Ar-N_2$ gas mixture. The thickness of FeN films was fixed at 20 nm, while the thickness of NbN films was varied from 3 nm to 90 nm. $T_c$ suppression was clearly observed in NbN layers up to 70 nm thickness when NbN layer was in proximity with FeN layer. For a given thickness of NbN layer, the magnitude of $T_c$ suppression was increased in the order of Si/FeN/NbN, Si/NbN/FeN, and Si/FeN/NbN/FeN structure. This result can be used to design a spin switch whose operation is based on the proximity effect between superconducting and ferromagnetic layers.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.707-719
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• 2020

In this article we study almost contact manifolds admitting weakly Einstein metrics. We first prove that if a (2n + 1)-dimensional Sasakian manifold admits a weakly Einstein metric, then its scalar curvature s satisfies -6 ⩽ s ⩽ 6 for n = 1 and -2n(2n + 1) ${\frac{4n^2-4n+3}{4n^2-4n-1}}$ ⩽ s ⩽ 2n(2n + 1) for n ⩾ 2. Secondly, for a (2n + 1)-dimensional weakly Einstein contact metric (κ, μ)-manifold with κ < 1, we prove that it is flat or is locally isomorphic to the Lie group SU(2), SL(2), or E(1, 1) for n = 1 and that for n ⩾ 2 there are no weakly Einstein metrics on contact metric (κ, μ)-manifolds with 0 < κ < 1. For κ < 0, we get a classification of weakly Einstein contact metric (κ, μ)-manifolds. Finally, it is proved that a weakly Einstein almost cosymplectic (κ, μ)-manifold with κ < 0 is locally isomorphic to a solvable non-nilpotent Lie group.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.202-206
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• 2005

Nitriding treatments were conducted on tool steel (SKD 61) at a temperature of $500^{\circ}C$ for 5 hr using high vacuum direct current (DC) plasma, with ammonia and argon as source gases. The structural and compositional changes produced in the nitrided layers by applying different ratios of Ar to $NH_{3}\;(n_{Ar}/n_{NH3}) were investigated using glancing x-ray diffraction (GXRD), optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), micro-Vickers hardness testing, and pin-on-disc type tribometer. Nitriding case depths of around of $50{\mu}m$ were produced, varying slightly with different ratios of $n_{Ar}/n_{NH3}. It was found that the specimen surface hardness was 1150 Hv with $n_{Ar}/n_{NH3}=1, increasing to a maximum value of 1500 Hv with $n_{Ar}/n_{NH3}=5. With a further increase in ratio to $n_{Ar}/n_{NH3}=10, the surface hardness of the specimen reduced slightly to a value of 1370 Hv. These phenomena were caused by changes of the crystallographic structure of the nitride layers, i.e the $\gamma'-Fe_{4}N$ phase only was observed in the sample treated with $n_{Ar}/n_{NH3}$=1, and the intensity of the $\gamma'-Fe_{4}N$ phase were reduced but new phase of $\varepsilon'-Fe_{3}N$, which was known as a high hardness, with increasing $n_{Ar}/n_{NH3}. Also, the relative weight loss of counterface of the pin-on-disc with unnitrided steel was 0.2. And that of nitrided steel at a gas mixture ($n_{Ar}/n_{NH3}) of 1, 5, 7, and 10 was 0.4, 0.7, 0.6, and 0.5 mg, respectively. This means that the wear resistance of the nitrided samples could be increased by a factor of 2 at least than that of unnitrided steel.

• 전기의세계
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.5-11
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• 1973

A new method of forming silicon p$^{+}$-n-n$^{+}$ junctions has been attempted by using the VDH-Implanter (Vacuum Discharge and Heating). Each of p$^{+}$-n and n-n$^{+}$ junctions was formed on both sides of an n-type silicon substrate by means of predeposition of each dopant and their bombarding due to rarefied air ions together with the preheating of the substrate in the implanter. The recifying principle of the p$^{+}$-n-n$^{+}$ junctions is thought to be based on the theory of double injection. The I-V characteristic of the diode has shown that it has a fairly high forward current density with the desirable rise due to vary low voltage though the reverse voltage is a little low on account of the low resistivity of the silicon substrate.n substrate.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2001

Let A denote the set {$a{\in}M_n{\mid}a{\geq}0$, $tr(a)=1$}, $St(M_n)$ the set of all states on $M_n$, and $PS(M_n)$ the set of all pure states on $M_n$. We show that there are one-to-one correspondences between A and $St(M_n)$, and between the set of all extreme points of A and $PS(M_n)$. We find a necessary and sufficient condition for a state on $M_{n1}{\oplus}{\cdots}{\oplus}M_{nk}$ to be extended to a pure state on $M_{n1}+{\cdots}+_{nk}$.