• 한국간호교육학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.58-71
• /
• 1999

Nursing process is an essential part for nursing practice. Nursing faculty members must focus on the clinical application for students and try to identify the possible problems that students might face in the fields. The purpose of this study is to examine the actual condition of nursing process education in curricula and to investigate the response of students in clinical experience of nursing process. From 462 students in the 6 associate programs(ADN) and the 6 baccalaureate programs (BSN) data was collected by questionnaire. The results were as followed. 1. Seven programs (58.3%) opened the nursing process in mainly sophomore (BSN) or freshman(ADN). If not opened, the nursing process was taught at the major subjects(espcially fundamental nursing or adult nursing). 2. All Students responded they we supposed to use nursing process in preparing the case report. The majority(94.6%) used NANDA lists for nursing diagnosis and 55.7% of subjects consulted the Korean terms by KNA when translating. The tutors for nursing process in clinical settings were the professor in charge of the subject (68.6) or clinical instructors (48.1%) , assistants(34%). 3. The problems in clinical application that students experienced consisted of 17 items and the mean was 2.27. The biggest problem was 'the lack of the model for RN of applying the nursing process in clinical settings'(2.97). Next the big problem was 'the lack of the competency for implementing the established nursing plans'(2.69). All items were significantly different according to the level of educational programs(ADN or BSN). ADN students had more problems in applying the each step of nursing process and BSN students perceived the NANDA as a guidance of nursing diagnosis and the inconsistency of advices from several instructors or practicum to be mere problematic. 4. The mean of merits after application of nursing process was relatively fair (2.82). The best merit was 'they can identify nursing problems more exactly'(3.07). The second high merit was 'they can study the rational of nursing action' (3.03). BSN than ADN and the subjects of second year than of one year in clinical experience perceived the use of nursing process to be better. Based on this results we need to enforce the application of nursing diagnosis in the class. The use of sample cases can be the efficient method. Students can identify the possible health problems for patient from the cases in imaginary world and discuss them each other. Also we can use the discussion session after practice every other day or as needed. All this is on the good interaction between tutor and student. We must consider to have enough time for student to seize the essence of the nursing process.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.509-515
• /
• 2008

현대 사회에서 증가하고 있는 산성 음료의 소비는 치아 부식의 원인으로 주목받고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 산성 음료와 산부식 용액, 산성 음료 적용 후 칫솔질, 산성 음료 적용 후 우유, 타액, Tooth $Mousse^{(R)}$ 의 적용이 치아 법랑질 표면 재광화에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 사람 소구치의 치관 시편을 제작하여 각각을 적용시킨 후 scanning electron micrograph (SEM)를 촬영한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Coca-Cola와 Chilsung-Cider의 산도는 FineEtch 37과 self-etching primer인 $Tyrian^{TM}SPE$의 산도보다 높았다. 2. Coca-Cola, Chilsung-Cider, FineEtch 37, $Tyrian^{TM}SPE$를 적용한 후 촬영한 SEM 사진에서 법랑질 표면의 부식된 양상을 비교한 결과 Coca-Cola와 Chilsung-Cider의 산부식 정도가 나머지 둘의 산부식 정도보다 낮은 양상을 보였다. 3. Coca-Cola, Chilsung-Cider를 적용한 후 우유, 타액, Tooth $Mousse^{(R)}$를 적용시키고 촬영한 SEM 결과 모두 비슷한 양상을 보였으며 이는 부식된 법랑질 표면보다 덜 부식된 양상을 보였다. 4. Coca-Cola를 적용시킨 다음 칫솔질한 후와 Coca-Cola, 타액, 칫솔질의 순서로 적용한 후 촬영한 SEM 결과, 타액을 적용시킨 법랑질의 표면이 덜 부식된 양상을 보였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.614-619
• /
• 1993

Methyl linoleate에 ${\alpha}-Tocopherol$을 첨가하여(TML) $37^{\circ}C$에서 9일간 산화시키면서 산화생성물의 확인 및 생성기구에 대하여 GC/MS를 사용하여 검토하였다. TML군에서의 산화 생성물들은 methyl octanoate와 methyl-8-(2-furyl)-octanoate 및 9,13-trans, cis isomer와 9,13-trans, trans isomer로 밝혀졌다. 전보의 methyl linoleate(ML)에서의 산화생성물과 비교하여 볼 때 9-TMSO-12,13-epoxy-10-octadecenoate 대신 methyl octanoate가 생성되었다. ${\alpha}-Tocopherol$의 주된 산화물인 ${\alpha}-Tocopherol$ quinone은 반응 6일부터 생성되었으며, ${\alpha}-Tocopherol$은 aqueous media보다 lipid media에서 산화가 빨리 진행되는 것으로 나타났다. Methyl linoleate의 산화에 의한 생성물들의 생성과정 기구를 추정한 결과, 우선 methyl-9,13-hydroxy-octadecadienoate가 생성되고 다시 methyl-9-hydroxy-10 trans, 12 trans-octadecadienoate로부터 methyl-8-(2-furyl)-octanoate와 9-TMSO-12,13-epoxy-10-ortadecenoate 및 methyl octanoate가 생성된 것으로 사료되었다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제17권32호
• /
• pp.255-266
• /
• 1994

This study does present things to suggest to foreign multinational corporation or domestic corporation through the empirical study on the standardization level. If we summary this study, it is as follows. In chapter I, we did institute the problems and explain the objects and methods and system of the study. In chapter II, we did explain the universality of the culture and international advertisement. Next, we did explain the background of doing specialization strategy and standardization strategy. Also we did study the previous study about the arguements for and against these. Lsat we did institute the hypothesises as follows. - Hypothesis 1 $H_0$ : The use of westerner appeal means has been increased than 11 years before and is able to increase continuously. - Hypothesis 2 $H_0$ : The use of westerner model and knowned has been increased than 11 years before and is able to increase continuously. - Hypothesis 3 $H_0$ : The use of the English language has been increased than 11 years before and is able to increase continuously. - Hypothesis 4 $H_0$ : The use of the west short piece and background has been increased than 11 years before and is able to increase continuously. In chapter III, we did refer to the method of this study. First, we did adjust the measure of standardization index, and we did work coding it, such after the two coder did check the freguency of the appeal meanstype about the advertisement of four daily report. Then we did select eight production as high involvement production and seven production as low involvement. We did test the coder's trust degree on the such sample to be selected through the 't-test' of the SAS statistic program and regression analysis through the spss/$pc^+$ statistic program to approve the this study's hypothesises. In chapter IV, we did analysis the results of the empirical study on the high or low involvement productions. First, the results of t-test to approve the coder's trust degree is that it is same statistically attentionly the distribution of the sample between coder at 10% attention level. Next, the results of the regression analysis on eight hypothesises are as fellows. In case of high involvement production we are able to speak that the use of the English language appeal among the eight appeals is only standardized. And incase of low involvement production, we are able to speak that the use of the hard-sell appeal among the eight appeds is only standardized. Therefore we did conclude that the standardization level of Korea newspaper advertisement is low. Also this suggests that it will do plan and do the specialzation strategy or localization strategy foreign multinational corporation or domestic corporation in Korea newspaper advertisement. In chapter V, we do present the boundary of this study and new study methods.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.60-67
• /
• 2012

For the genetic differentiation of $Pseudomonas$ $syringae$ pathovar $tomato$, a total of 51 $P.$ $syringae$ pv. strains infecting 33 different host plants were analyzed using repetitive element PCR(REP-PCR) and universal rice primer PCR(URP-PCR). The entire DNA fingerprint profiles were analyzed using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA). The 51 $P.$ $syringae$ pv. strains could be divided into five clusters based on 65% similarity by Rep-PCR using BOX, ERIC, and REP primers. $P.$ $syringae$ pv. $tomato$ cluster was well separated from other 31 $P.$ $syringae$ pathovars. $P.$ $syringae$ pv. $tomato$ cluster included only $P.$ $syringae$ pv. $maculicola$ and $P.$ $syringae$ pv. $tomato$. $P.$ $syringae$ pv. $tomato$ strains could be divided into two genetic groups. Meanwhile, the Pseudomonas pv. strains could be divided into four clusters based on 63% similarity by URP-PCR using 2F, 9F, and 17R primers. $P.$ $syringae$ pv. $tomato$ cluster was also well separated from 30 other $P.$ $syringae$ pathovars. In this case, $P.$ $syringae$ pv. $tomato$ cluster included $P.$ $syringae$ pv. $maculicola$, $P.$ $syringae$ pv. $berberidi$, and $P.$ $syringae$ pv. $tomato$. $P.$ $syringae$ pv. $tomato$ strains was also separated into two genetic groups by URP-PCR analysis. Overall, our work revealed that $P.$ $syringae$ pv. $tomato$ can be genetically differentiated from other $P.$ $syringae$ pathovars by the DNA fingerprint profiles of REP-PCR and URP-PCR. We first report that there are two genetically diverged groups in $P.$ $syringae$ pv. $tomato$ strains.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제68권3호
• /
• pp.180-184
• /
• 2010

Slowly growing lung cancers are quite rare and the leading cause of length time bias and over-diagnosis bias in lung cancer screening. We report 6 cases of slowly growing lung cancer in a tertiary hospital between January 1999 and December 2008. The clinical characteristics of these 6 cases with slowly growing lung cancer were examined. The median age at diagnosis was 68 years (range, 49~72), and 5 patients (83%) were female. The most common histology type was adenocarcinoma (83%). After excluding two patients who showed no change in the tumor size, the median tumor doubling time was 189 months (range, 86~387). The proportion of patients with slowly growing lung cancer appears to be particularly large in women, especially among patients with adenocarcinoma. Our experience shows that slowly growly lung cancers are more heterogeneous and diverse.

• 대한치과기공학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.143-159
• /
• 2003

In this study, the data and the Statistical Annual Report of the Korean Dental Technology Association and the yearbook of Health-Welfare Ministry from 1990 to 2002 were surveyed to study and analyze the yearly increase rate and regional distribution rate of the national dental laboratories and dental clinics, the rate of dental laboratories to dental clinics. The purpose of the thesis is to help dental technicians to open the rational and effective dental laboratory which considers the regional condition and the distribution of dental clinics. The result of the study is as follows; 1) The yearly increase rate of overall dental laboratories is 2.01 times to 2002 by the criteria of 1990. The most laboratories was increased in 1995(+94) but the least laboratories was increased in 2000(+13). According to the regional increase rate, Kyounggi Association showed the highest increase rate (7.00 times) but Woolsan Association showed the least increase rate (1.45 times) for the past 5 years. Busan Association had increased by 1.47 times by the criteria of 1990. 2) According to the regional distribution rate of dental laboratories, Seoul area showed the highest distribution rate from the minimum 26.72%(in 2002) to the maximum 35.23%(in 1990) every year, and before 1993, Busan area showed the high distribution rate of 12.49% and Daegu area 12.38%. 3) In the case of the national increase rate, dental clinics had increased by 2.01 times to 2001 by the criteria of 1990 and dental laboratories, whose number was 1,482 in 2002, had increased by 2.01 times to that year. The rate of the national dental laboratories to dental clinics went up an average of 1: 7.57 for 12 years. In 1994, the rate showed the highest 1:7.91 and in 1990, the rate showed the least 1:7.17. 4) The metropolitan rate of dental laboratories to dental clinics showed the average of 1:6.70 for 12 years, and the rate was highest in 1992(1:7.15) and the rate lowest in 1999(1:6.33). 5) The rate of dental laboratories to dental clinics in other areas was 1:9.53, the average of 12 years and was highest in 1991(1:9.97) and was lowest in 1990(1:8.79). (6) The rate of the Korean dental laboratories to dental clinics was 1:7.37 in 2001, the metropolitan rate was 1:6.53 and the rate in other areas was 1:9.10. According to the regional distribution rate, the rate of Kyounggi was highest (1:15.58) and the rate of Daegu was lowest(1:3.03).

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.306-313
• /
• 2013

구강악안면의 여러 구조는 매우 복잡하고 정밀한 상호과정을 거쳐 말소리를 만들어낸다. 그 중 치아는 중요한 조음기관으로서 치아의 상실시 정상적인 발음을 하기 위해서는 혀와 턱의 위치 수정을 통한 적응이 필요하며, 적응 가능 범위를 벗어난 경우에는 적극적인 보철적, 교정적 치료를 요하게 된다. 소아의 다수 치아 상실은 조음에 어려움을 가져올 뿐만 아니라 부정교합, 악골발육 저하, 측두하악관절의 변위, 저작력 저하, 영양 불균형, 심미성 저하 등의 문제를 초래하기 때문에 반드시 상실부위의 회복이 필요하다. 아크릴릭 레진을 이용한 기존의 가철성 장치와 비교하여 Valplast$^{(R)}$ 탄성의치는 조직과 긴밀하기 접착되며 치은의 자연적인 색조를 투과시키는 얇고 강한 레진 유지부를 가져 심미성이 매우 높으며 우수한 물성을 가지는 등 많은 장점을 갖고 있다. 특히 전체적인 두께가 얇고 부피가 작아 이물감이 적고 혀의 움직임을 방해하지 않기 때문에 발음의 회복에 장점을 가진다. 본 증례는 완전탈구된 하악 전치부로 인해 조음장애를 보였으나 Valplast$^{(R)}$ 탄성의치를 장착한 후 조음의 개선을 보인 경도 지적장애 환아에 관한 것으로 조음검사를 통해 하악 전치부의 상실이 조음에 미치는 영향에 보고하고자 한다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.146-150
• /
• 1999

중증근무력증은 수의근을 침범하는 대표적인 자가면역성 질환으로 매우 드물게 발생한다. 흉선종과 중증근무력증이 함께 발생한 환자에서 고식적인 치료방법후 증상의 악화를 보여 전신 방사선치료를 시행한 경험을 보고하고자 한다. 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 치료방사선과에서는 1994년 이후 2례의 흉선종을 동반한 중증근무력증 환자에서 흉선절제술, 면역요법과 호르몬치료 등에도 불구하고 증상의 악화를 보여 전신 방사선치료를 시도하였다. 전신 방사선치료는 6MV 선형가속기를 이용하여 10cGy씩, 주 3회로 5$\~$6주에 걸쳐서 150$\~$180cGy 를 조사하였다. 전신 방사선조사 중 구토 이외의 특이한 부작용은 관찰되지 않았다. 증상의 변화를 추적 관찰한 결과, 전신 방사선 치료 후 4$\~$5주부터 증상의 완화를 보이기 시작하여 18개월과 42개월까지 증상의 악화없이 지속적인 증상의 완화를 관찰하였다. 고식적인 치료방법에 효과가 없었던 흉선종을 동반한 중증근무력증 환자에서 전신 방사선치료를 시행하여 비교적 안전하고 좋은 임상 효과를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.183-185
• /
• 2006

동일 새장에서 함께 사육되는 네 마리의 비둘기가 두부, 경부, 겸부의 심한 탈모, 소양감, 그리고 발적을 주 증상으로 하여 내원하였다. 이들은 약간의 움직임 저하를 보였으나, 식욕은 정상이었다. 경부 깃털 부분의 피부 소파 검사(scraping examination)상에서 외부 기생충 감염이 확인되었다. 외부 기생충은 형태학적 검사 상에서 진드기로 진단되었으며, 총 백혈구 검사(CBC)에서, 호산구 증가가 현저하게 나타났다. 비둘기에게는 ivermectin (200 mcg/kg 국소적으로 2주마다 2회 적용, 스프레이 1회 적용)이 적용되었다. 임상 증상은 첫 처치 후 45일이 지나 현저히 호전되었다. 이번 임상 증례 보고서에서는, 새의 진드기 감염인 경우에는 피부의 심한 탈모, 소양감, 그리고 전신적인 발적 등의 임상 증상 및 행동상의 문제가 나타나며 이에 대한 처치로는 ivermectin의 국소적인 처치가 유용하다는 것을 보여준다.