• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.492-500
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• 2015

Our previous report demonstrated successful isolation of soil-borne bacteria that suppressed the potential of Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2 (IV) causing turfgrass large patch disease when applied to Korean lawngrass (Zoysia japonica). The current study aimed to uncover the mechanisms of this antagonism of Rhizoctonia solani and to define culture conditions for the isolated microbes. We found that two Bacillus isolates, I-009 and FRIN-001-1 strains, produced cellulase and siderophore, but not chitinase, while the Pseudomonas YPIN-022 strain was found to release only siderophore, implying that three antagonistic bacteria commonly interrupt Fe uptake by the large patch pathogen. The I-009 and FRIN-001-1 isolates grew best at 35 and $30^{\circ}C$ in growth medium of pH 5 to 8 for 32 and 28 h, respectively, while optimum growth for the YPIN-022 strain was found at $35^{\circ}C$ at pH 5 to 9 for 24 h. Good growth of I-009 and YPIN-022 over 24 h was obtained in M9 minimal medium supplemented with 1% sucrose, 0.5% yeast extract and 0.1% potassium chloride. FRIN-001-1 grew well in M9 medium with 1% mannitol, 0.5% yeast extract and 0.1% potassium phosphate dibasic.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of several substrates and ratio of NO3--N to NH4--N in nutrient solution on growth, yield and mineral uptake of sweet pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) in bag culture. The content of minerals such as P, K, Ca and Mg showed difference in concentration among media: P and Mg were the highest in vermiculite in vermiculti+rice hull, K in perlite+vermiculite and Ca in perlite+peatmoss; with the lowest in the single perlite medium respectively, Ca of mineral made fairly higest level in concentration compared with the others in all of the media. The concentration of mineral content was lower in the ratio of 8:2 than that of 10:0. Admitting that the pH made difference depending on the kind of substrates and ratios of NO3--N to NH4--N. The pH of 10:0 ratio in all the substrates was higher and more stable than that of 8:2. The range of EC in all the substrates showed from 1.78ds·m-1 to 2.10 ds·m-1, which was optimum range for growth of sweet pepper, and range of EC is larger in 8:2 ratio than that in 10:0 ratio. Plant height and stem diameter were nothing to do with the kind of substrates, but leaf area was the largest at vermiculite+rice hull of the 8:2 ratio, fresh and dry weights were heavier at peatmoss+carbonized rice hull, but were the lightest at perlite. All indexes related to the growth which had something to do with the kind of substrates higher in 8:2 ratio than those in 10:0 ratio. The number of fruit and fresh weight related to the ratio of the 8:2 were the highest as 17.5 at vermiculite+rice hull with 1,588g of fresh weight, while the yield from perlite was the lowest. The number of fruit was the highest as 16.4 at virmiculite+rice hull, yield was the higest as 1,394a at perlite+ peatmoss. The yield of 8:2 ratio at all substrates was higher than that of 10:0 ratio. Of the mineral content related to the plant part, K+ and Mg2+ were higher in concentration at leaf; Ca2+ were higher at root; PO4- was higher at stem and fruit; The content of mineral showed no difference between the ratio of the 8:2 and the ratio of the 10:0 with no regrading to the difference of mineral content among substrates; and K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ uptake of sweet pepper were higher at 10:0 ratio than that of 8:2; 2while PO4- uptake of sweet pepper was lower at 10:0 ratio than that of 8:2 ratio.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.91-97
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• 2009

This expriment was carried out on culture media which affect growth, development and physiological effect to Pleurotus ostreatus, when aqueous ferrum, red pepper powder, leaves of ginkgo biloba were added to culture media. The yield of fresh mushroom per 850ml PP bottle in chunchu-neutari was highest by 144g in 34.9g aqueous ferrum added, ferrous content don't affected to yield of mushroom, but variety of Pleurotus ostreatus affect to yield. Mineral content of fruit body and culture media in Suhan-neutari was different to mineral kind, ferrous content of furit body was similar to 0.31~0.43mg/kg when ferrous content of media was increased in 0.89mg/kg to 10.8mg/kg. The more content of red pepper powder in culture media was high, the more capsaicin content in fruit body was high. transferred capsaicin was highest by 6 mg/100g in Suhan-neutari. Total phenolics content were higher in culture media which was added aqueous ferrum and red pepper powder, but correlation don't showed total phenolics content among antioxydant activity, reducing power, chelating capacity. Macrophage activation was higher in Suhan-neutari than other Pleurotus spp.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.123-128
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• 1981

Three edible species, e.g. Lyophyllum sp. and Armillaria mellea introduced from Japan in 1979 and Auriaularia auricula-judae from Taiwan in 1978 were selected for artifcial cultivation. The media, MSDS for Lyophyllum sp, MHS and PDS for A. auricula-judae, and MSDS and MHS for A. mellea were selected. The range of optimum pH of Lyophyllum sp. was 6.0 and pH 8.0 for A. auricula-judae and pH 6.0 to 7.0 for A. mellea. The range of optimum temperature for the mycelial growth of Lyophyllum sp. was 25 to $30^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$ for A. auricula-judae and $25^{\circ}C$ for A. mellea. When the moisture content 75 to 80% (w/w) in the substrates, the mycelial growth of Lyophyllum sp. and A. auricula-judae, was rapid. 65% (w/w) for A. mellea. As the spawning substrates, wheat for Lyophyllum sp. oak sawdust for A. auricula-judae and poplar sawdust for A. mellea were selected, respectively. In this experiment, yields of Lyophyllum sp. and A. auricula-judae were high on the poplar sawdust added 20% (w/w) of rice bran. Lyophyllum sp. and A. auricula-judae for sources of new edible mushrooms seems to be possible.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2019

Bacillus genus are found abundantly in various sites and their secondary metabolites were used as potential agents in agriculture, notably plant growth promoting and bio-control. The objective of this study was to develop the culture conditions of GH1-13 strain including higher cell growth, stable endospore-forming and enhancement of potential agents which are related with plant growth promoting and phytopathogen suppression. The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were determined by glucose and soy bean flour, respectively, then resulted in $7.5{\times}10^9cells/mL$, $6.8{\times}10^9\;endospore\;cells/mL$ and sporulation yield of 90% after 30 h cultivation in 500 L submerged fermenter at $37^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0. Cells and cell-free supernatant of GH1-13 strains showed the potent antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. It was also confirmed that indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production of GH1-13 strain was greatly increased by addition of 0.3% tryptophan.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2014

This study was carried out to determine the optimal medium composition and growth regulators for the micropropagation of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. Nodes containing yellow green petals were used as plant materials to execute the study. The best performance of adventitious root development was found in 1/4 strength of MS basal salt and the growth was satisfactory in the concentration of 1/2 MS medium. The best condition for adventitious root development and growth was observed in the higher concentration (5%) of sucrose and activated charcoal free 1/4MS medium respectively. Adventitious roots were developed at the controlled culture medium at pH 4.8 with a tendency of suppression with higher levels of pH. However, it was prevailed that the development and growth depended on the concentration of agar. The lower concentration of agar (0.4%) was performed better than that of higher concentration (1.2%), whereas the agar concentration (0.4%) showed the best performance for the development and growth of adventitious roots. For the development of shoots containing node, BA combined with IAA was more effective than kinetin with IAA or NAA. The highest shoot development (3.9 shoots per explant) was performed on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L IAA.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 1986

This experiment was conducted to find out the some physiological characteristics and nitrogen fixation activities under free-living conditions of indigenous rhizobia isolated from soybean-cultivated (30 fields) and un-cultivated (30 fields) soil. The results were summerized as follows: 1. In free-living condition, only 12.8% and 6.4% of the indigenous rhizobia isolated from soybean cultivated (133 strains) and un-cultivated (125 strains) soils were nitrogenase positive as more than 4 n mole $C_2H_4$ per tube per hour by acetylene reduction assay. 2. The acid-producing rhizobia on litmus milk test was observed to be 20% of the total 160 strains isolated from soybean cultivated soil but about 34% of 166 strains isolated from un-cultivated soil. And the serum zone positive strains were higher in the soybean un-cultivated soil than cultivated soil. 3. The population ratio of fast-to slow-growing indigenous rhizobia based on growth pattern of AMA medium was 35.6% to 64.4% of the total 346 strains. 4. The population of indigenous Rhizobium japonicum counted by MPN method was ranged from $9.2{\times}10^2$ cells per gram of soil in soybean un-cultivated soil to $2.3{\times}10^4$ cells per gram of soil soybean cultivated soil. The number of indigenous R. japonicum in 0-10cm depth of surface layer was higher than low layer.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2015

In this study, a new cultivar of Lentinula edodes was bred from dikaryotic KFRI 490 and monokaryotic KFRI 536 by Di-mon method. The new breed was named "Poongnyunko" and physiological characteristics was investigated. Its optimal growing temperature was $25^{\circ}C$, and it had thin density. Its colony was colorless and did not form any epithelium. On the $7^{th}$ day of mycelial growth, "Poongnyunko" was 56.6 mm, and showed higher cellulase activity compared with "Sanlim 4-ho"(52.9 mm). On the $5^{th}$ day of mycelial growth, "Poongnyunko" was 58.0 mm, and showed higher laccase activity compared with "Sanlim 4-ho" (55.6 mm). Its pH at a substrate was 6.0. Before cultivation, the pH of sawdust substrate was 4.7-5.5 went down to 3.7-3.9 after 120-day cultivation. After 60 days of cultivation, the change of $CO_2$ was the greatest. During the cultivation, $CO_2$ concentration in a growing bag was 4.67% to 3.90%.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.362-367
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• 2008

In order to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators on effective in vitro micropropagation, apical meristems of Pulsatilla cernua var. koreana were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium with 2,4-D, NAA, TDZ and BA. Media containing 2,4-D and kinetin, 2,4-D and TDZ, NAA and TDZ were not effective on callus induction. However, embryogenic or organogenic callus was obtained on media containing NAA and BA. Especially, on MS medium with 0.5mg/L NAA and 1.0mg/L BA was optimal for a high frequency (62%) of shoot or shoot bud obtained from callus. Callus proliferation, shoot multiplication and elongation were significantly increased by adding 10% coconut water on MS media with 0.5mg/L NAA and 1.0mg/L BA. Repeated subculturing of in vitro grown shoots resulted in propagation rate of 12.9 shoots per explant every 30 days. Root formation from the adventitious shoots was not easily achieved. However, roots were only produced through callus on MS medium with 2.0mg/L NAA alone or 0.5mg/L NAA and 1.0mg/L BA. These roots were used materials for callus and shoot production repetitively.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 2010

This study was carried out to elucidate suitable spawn culture for an artificial cultivation of Neolentinus lepideus. The optimum culture conditions of the liquid spawn were deffated soy flour for main material, 12 days for culture period and 0.9 vvm for aeration volume, respectively. Sawdust spawn was appropriate for douglas fir sawdust and deffated corn flour (95 : 5, v/v) for mycelia growth and fruiting body formation. In case of liquid spawn, cultivation period was two shorter than sawdust spawn and mushroom yield was 111.9 g per 850ml cultivation bottle. In conclusion, the suitable spawn for fruiting body production was found to be liquid spawn than sawdust spawn with considering cultivation period and mushroom productivity.