• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.9-21
• /
• 2009

This study was executed in an attempt to investigate a artificial requisites of fruitbody occurrence. Environmental requirements on habitat for fruitbody occurrence of collected cultures resulted in leading to $13-16^{\circ}C$ and 75% relative humidity, and requiring silt loam of soil texture which had more nutritional substances than a dry field. Optimal temperature was $25^{\circ}C$, medium PDB, and pH 5.0 in cultural conditions. Mannose required of 5% in ASI 59002, 59003, 59004, but 3% in ASI 59001 was selected as optimum carbon source. The substrates stimulating sclerotium formation were cotton waste, or cotton waste + oak sawdust (mixture ratio of 8:2), which had 20% additive of wheat barn respectively. Sclerotium was formed well in the substrate adjusted chemical properties by applying 2% of calcium sulfate. Sclerotium formation was the most effective in the treatment of peat moss + oak sawdust (mixture ratio of 5:5) + 30% of wheat barn.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.555-561
• /
• 2003

This study was attempted to investigate preference characteristics affecting for winter kimchi. Questionnaire were collected by 646 nationwide households during 3 months from December 2000 in Korea, and the data were analyzed by SPSS program. The results were as follows: (1) Seven minor ingredients including red pepper, garlic, ginger, green onion, paste (e.g. glutinous rice, rice and/or wheat flour paste), sugar and sesame were user in high preference for making winter kimchi in that odor. Seafoods (oyster, shrimp, Alaska pollack, yellow corvenia, squid and hairtail) were also utilized for making winter kimchi related with regional characteristics. (2) Two jeotkals, anchovy and anchovy juice, were popular ingredients for winter kimchi in southern region, while shrimp jeotkal in middle region including Seoul, Chungnam, Chungbuk, Daejeon, Daegu, Gwangju and Jeju northern sand lance juice jeotkal in western region, respectively. (3) Two kimchi, green onion and leek kimchi were high favored by people in spring regardless of region, and baby radish kimchi and cucumber kimchi in summer, pony-tail kimchi and gutjuli (fresh kimchi) in autumn, respectively. Except for winter cabbage kimchi, however, dongchimi and godulbaegi (Korean lettuce kimchi) were high favorite kimchi in winter. It was estimated that Koreans consume about 80 g of kimchi per person per day.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.173-189
• /
• 1997

A study on the geological structure and geothermal gradient distribution was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of developing a new geothermal field in the Yusong area. It is suggested that geothermal water in the Yusong area is closely related with faults, dykes, and their dipping characteristics with the study of geothermal gradient distribution. A fault of EW direction locates in northern boundary of the study area and another fault of N40{\citc}W$ crosses the EW fault at the western part of the study area. Locations of faults are recognized quite well by lineaments, geophysical exploration and geothermal gradient distribution characteristics. Three sets of dyke are found in the study area. According to the result of the geothermal gradient distribution study, the location of geothermal anomaly belt and dykes coincide each other, and the area has the temperature gradient of larger than 3$^{\circ}C$ between the depths of 0.5m and 1.0m below ground surface. The thermal anomaly belt those temperature gradient is larger than 2.5$^{\circ}C$ between the depths of 0.5m and 1.Om below ground surface is expected in the direction of N80{\citc}W$ in the study area. The dirping of dyke is almost vertical according to the linear distribution of dykes on surface and the results of geophysical survey. From the distribution of geothermal anomaly belt and the locations of dyke, three locations for the development of hot spring water could be recommended and the depth that ensure over 4$0^{\circ}C$ geotheraral water is estimated as 170~200m below the ground surface.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.436-442
• /
• 2008

Graphite material has been recognized as a very competitive candidate for reflector, moderator, and structural material for very high temperature reactor (VHTR). Since VHTR is operated up to $900-950^{\circ}C$, small amount of impurity may accelerate the oxidation and degradation of carbon graphite, which results in increased porosity and lowered fracture toughness. In this study, ultrasonic wave propagation properties were investigated for both as-received and degradated material, and the feasibility of ultrasonic testing (UT) was estimated based on the result of ultrasonic property measurements. The ultrasonic properties of carbon graphite were half, more than 5 times, and 1/3 for velocity, attenuation, and signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio respectively. Degradation reduces the ultrasonic velocity slightly by 100 m/s, however the attenuation is about 2 times of as-receive state. The results of probability of detection (POD) estimation based on S/N ratio for side-drilled-hole (SDHs) of which depths were less than 100 mm were merely affected by oxidation and degradation. This result suggests that UT would be reliable method for nondestructive testing of carbon graphite material of which thickness is not over 100 mm. In accordance with the result produced by commercial automated ultrasonic testing (AUT) system, human error of ultrasonic testing is barely expected for the material of which thickness is not over 80 mm.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.42 no.6
• /
• pp.635-643
• /
• 2009

In this paper, a Quaternary fault is described, which is developed in the mid-eastern part of Ulsan Fault Zone, near the southern Gaegok-ri, Oedong-eub, Gyeongju, Korea. The Gaegok 6 fault is developed along the contact between Early Tertiary granite and Quaternary gravel deposit overlying unconformably the granite. The fault strikes $N02^{\circ}{\sim}22^{\circ}E$ and dips $45^{\circ}{\sim}80^{\circ}$ to the west. This fault has a 30~50 cm wide cataclastic shear zone with gouge zone, mixed with Quaternary sediments and fault breccia of granite. In the main Quaternary fault plane, the orientation of striation is $17^{\circ}$, $356^{\circ}$, indicating a dextral strike-slip faulting with some normal component. There is another striation ($78^{\circ}$, $278^{\circ}$ and $43^{\circ}$, $270^{\circ}$) with reverse-slip sense, developed on the subsidiary plane which cuts the main Quaternary fault plane. In brief, the fault has been developed between the granite in the western part and the Quaternary gravel deposit in the eastern part. The western block of fault is uplifted. The striations and movement senses of faults indicate multiple compressional stages in this region. The fault has a similar orientation, westward dipping geometric pattern, and reverse sensed kinematic pattern with Gaegok 1 fault developed in the north. Thus, the Gaegok 6 fault is probably a southern extension of Gaegok 1 fault.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.287-293
• /
• 2000

This study was designed to assess food habits and fast food eating patterns of college students in Busan area. The subjects are 191 males and 149 females. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS package program. The summary of the results are follows : 1. The 83.3% of college students were used fast food in Busan area. Among them 77.6% are males and 90.3% are females and comparing their age, 88.1% of them were under 19 years old and 87.7% of students were living in their own house. 2. Utilized time to fast food chain, 44.7% are any time, 24.7% are evening time. There was statistical significance of difference by gender(p<0.01) and residence state(p<0.01) in fast food consumption pattern. 3. They expended 3,000 won most commonly and as their age and monthly expenditure increase, they spend more money for fast food. 4. 64.5% of the subjects selected menu depending on their food preferences, and 80.1% of females students selected favorable food at fast food restaurants. 5. The most popular fast food restaurant of college students was M, and tue gender (p<0.001), age (p<0.01) and residence status (p<0.001) affected significantly the preference of specific fast food restaurant.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.165-171
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of cataracts in a rural area of Kyung-Buk province. Cataract is the main cause of blindness and visual impairment in the world. Recently, the number of age-related cataract surgeries has increased remarkably. In spite of such an increase in the number of patients, there are still many cataract patients with highly deteriorated visual function who have had no occasion to receive an ocular examination. In order to screen such patients the author assessed 636 individual(1272 eyes) aged 50 years or more who had wanted to be examined generally in two area. Chilgok and Munkyung, Kyung-Buk province using a simplified cataract screening system recently proposed by Sasaki et al. Kanazawa Medical University in Japan. The results obtained are as follows. The number of visual impairment patients in this study group was 493(77.5%). They were screened by cataract screening system. Primary screening examination detected 448 subjects to be suspected of cataract while the subsequent secondary examination narrowed this number of subjects to 308(48.4%). Final number of subjects to be diagnosed of cataract was 421(66.2%). The rate of incidence, according to the age, was 27.5% in the 50 year-olds age group, 62.5% in the 60's age group, 86.1% in the 70's age group and 94.3% in the 80's age group and upwards. This results concluded that cataract is the main cause of blindness and visual impairment and is an important public eye health care problem of aged population in rural Korea. Methods of tackling the cataract problem(both backlog and incident), and other eye health needs are recommended. The need to extend eye health service to the rural areas is emphasized.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.235-246
• /
• 2013

Age estimations by forensic odontology play a great role in personal identification. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of age estimation cases in Korea. Surveying clients who requested age estimation at the Department of Oral Medicine, Kyungpook National University Dental Hospital from March 2012 to March 2013. The results were as follows: 1. On gender distribution, females(57.14%) were more than males(42.86%). The elderly with 50's and over 60's were majorities(89.28%) of clients, and no clients were below 40's. Most of clients were equal to and lower than elementary school graduate(69.64%). 2. The most frequent reason for age discrepancy between registered age and alleged age was mistakes by family or relatives(80.36%). The purposes of age estimation were welfare(62.50%), social relationship problem(12.50%), to find right age(10.71%), and occupation(8.93%). 3. In order of route to visit at Department of Oral Medicine, they were via government office(48.21%), acquaintances(21.43%), mass media(14.29%), and clinic(10.71%). Clients had high degree of comprehension on age estimation with forensic odontology (scored 7.03 out of 10). The 2/3 of clients were satisfied with present fee for age estimation. 4. The percentage on the proximity of estimated age to alleged age was 69.81%. 4(11.43%) clients were approved on age correction by court.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 1994

In order to know the species and frequency of human parasitic infection diagnosed by biopsy, 149 cases (0.18%) of parasitic infection were reviewed, which were selected from 80,947 biopsied materials submitted for routine histopathological examination during a period of 10 years from 1980 to 1989 at Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hospital. They consisted of 112 cases of cysticercosis, 17 paragonimiasis, 7 clonorchiasis, 4 amebiasis, 1 sparganosis, 1 enterobiasis, 1 anisakiasis, and 1 fascioliasis respectively Based on morphological preservation of cysticercus, they could be divided into mild (20.2%), moderate (40.4%), and severe (39.4%) degeneration. Except 2 cases biopsied at the lungs, 15 cases of ectopic paragonimiasis were located at abdominal cavity (8 cases) and central nervous system (7 cases). One case of intrahepatic fascioliasis was observed. This is the 13th human fasciollasis reported in Korea. From the above results, the frequency of parasitic infections found in biopsied specimens was on the decrease as the year passed by, but biopsy is very useful diagnostic method on tissue parasites such as cystlcercosis and ectopic paragonimiasis.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.148-156
• /
• 2001

We report $^{230}Th/^{234}U$ disequilibrium ages of fracture-filling carbonate veins from the Ipsil and Janghangri fault zones, Gyeongju, Korea by multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The U and Th fraction was extracted from totally dissolved samples by rapid and convenient coprecipitation and ion exchange chemistry. The recovery was around 80% for Th and 70% for U. The $^{234}U/^{238}U,\;^{230}Th/^{232}Th$ ratios were analysed for this preconcentrated fraction and the U/Th ratio was directly analysed for untreated sample solution. The $^{234}U-^{230}Th$ system is in secular equilibrium for the Ipsil carbonate samples, supporting previously reported ESR ages. The detrital-corrected $^{230}Th/^{234}U$ age of the Janghangri carbonate samples is $48\pm$41 ka, which constrains the minimum age of the fracture zone.