• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.704-709
• /
• 2009

The emergence of methicillin-resistant of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) has led to an urgent need for the discovery and development of new antibacterial agents. As part of an ongoing investigation into the antibacterial properties of the natural products, (2S)-7,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-(${\gamma}$, ${\gamma}$-dimethylally)-f1avanone (2S-DMDF), isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens, was found to be antibacterial active MRSA and VRE. Sophora flavescens has been used as antibacterial, antiviral, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory. Therefore, this study investigated the antibacterial activity of 2S-DMDF against all the bacterial strains tested. In this result, at the end point of an optically clear well, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 0.97 to 15.6 mg/ml for 2S-DMDF, from 125 to 256 mg/ml for ampicillin, and from 64 to 512 mg/ml for gentamicin with MRSA, also, 7.8 to 15.6 mg/ml for 2S-DMDF, from 125 to 256 mg/ml for ampicillin, and from 512 to 1024< mg/ml for vacomicin with VRE. These findings indicated that the application of the tested 2S-DMDF alone might prove useful in the control and treatment of MRSA and VRE infections.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.51-64
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine to what extent the teacher's guides for science based on the 7th national curricula were utilized and what problems there were, in an effort to propose in which way they should be prepared and arranged to be of substantial use to teachers. For that purpose, the contents of the 7th teacher's guides for science were analyzed. Surveys and interviews were carried out to find out how many teachers used each of the areas included in them and what their needs were. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 9.0. The findings of this study were as follows: Many teachers utilize the teacher's guides in science more frequently than in other subjects, and they found them much more helpful to preparing for instructions. But many of them didn't utilize the standards of evaluation on science that were suggested in the teacher’s guides, and this is why the guides seem just to give theoretical explanation about how to assess, which was neither practical nor substantial. It's required to provide more concrete and detailed examples for each of the units. They felt a higher need for alternative experiments and substitute materials, especially in biology unit because of the different conditions of each school or each local community. In short, teacher's guides should include more diverse and ample materials in response to the teacher's needs, moreover teachers should reconstruct the teaching materials and then teach more creatively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2004

Environmentally sound control of Japanese lawngrass cutworm, Spodoptera depravata with Korean entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditis sp. Gyeongsan, Steinernema carpocapsae GSNI , S. glaseri Dongrae, S. longicaudum Nonsan, and S. monticolum Jiri) was evaluated in the laboratory and field. In addition, effect of turf height on the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes and density of ant (Formica japonica) and spine-tailed earwigs (Forficula scudderi) were investigated in the field. The corrected mortality of 3rd instar of S. depravata larvae was 53.3% to 66.7% 5 days later after treatment of entomopathogenic nematodes. $LC_{50}$ value of S. carpocapsae GSN1 and S. monticolum Jiri against 3rd instar of S. depravata was 6.9 and 3.9, respectively. Pathogenicity of S. carpocapsae GSN1 was different depending on larval stages, i.e., mortality of 2nd instar was the highest representing 73.3% but decreased from 3rd instar. Turf height affected pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes. Mortality of 4th instar of S. depravata was 40.0% by S. carpocapsae GSN1 and 33.3% by S. monticolum Jiri, and 83.3% by fenitrothion, respectively, in the turf height of 14mm, but those were lower in 45mm. The corrected mortality of S. depravata larvae was lower at the entomopathgenic nematode plots than fenitrothion plot in the distribution field of Formica japonica. However, reduction rate of F japonica was higher in fenitrothion by 56.7% compared with 0% in S. carpocapsae GSN1 and 6.7% in S. monticolum Jiri. Turf height influenced control of S. depravate in S. carpocapsae GSN1 and fenitrothion. Control value of S. carpocapsae GSN1 was 62.2% in the turf height of 3-4cm, but not effective at all in 6-8cm and 12-14cm. However, there was not significantly different in fenitrothion plots. Forficula Scudderi was also reduced only in fenitrothion plots. Reduction rate was 100% in 3-4cm, 41.7% in 6-8cm, and 16.7% in 12-14cm, respectively.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.39 no.9
• /
• pp.761-772
• /
• 2015

Microfin tubes having an outside diameter (O.D.) of 7.0 mm are widely used in residential air conditioning systems and heat pumps. It is known that the mass fluxes for air conditioners and heat pumps under partial load conditions are several tens of $kg/m^2s$. However, literature surveys reveal that previous investigations were limited to mass flux over $100kg/m^2s$. In this study, we conduct R-410A evaporation heat-transfer tests at low mass fluxes ($50-250kg/m^2s$) using a 7.0 mm O.D. microfin tube. During the test, the saturation temperature was maintained at $8^{\circ}C$, and the heat flux was maintained at $4.0kW/m^2$. For comparison purposes, we also test a smooth tube with a 7.0 mm O.D. The results showed that the heat-transfer enhancement factor of the microfin tube increased as the mass flux decreased up to $150kg/m^2s$, which decreased as the mass flux further decreased. The reason for this was attributed to the change of the flow pattern from an annular flow to a stratified flow. Within the test range, the frictional pressure drops of the microfin tube were approximately the same as those of the smooth tube. We then compare experimental data obtained with the predictions obtained for the existing correlations.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2006

The objective of the study was to assess the general characteristics and motility characteristics with Computer Assisted Sperm Analyzer (CASA) system in Jeju horse semen. Semen was collected from 5 fertile Jeju horse by use of a Missouri type artificial vagina. Semen volume and pH were recorded, and sperm concentration was determined with a hematocytometer and motional characteristics of sperm were analysed by CASA. The viability and morphological abnormalities were assessed by a vital staining. The average volume of ejaculates was 42.5 ml and the average of sperm concentration was $198.5x10^6/m1$. The motional characteristics in Jeju horse semen was showed $70.4{\pm}28.7{\mu}m/s\;for\;VAP,\;69.6{\pm}28.9{\mu}m/s\;for\;VSL,\;94.1{\pm}30.0{\mu}m/s\;fo\;VCL,\;2.3{\pm}0.7{\mu}m/s\;for\;ALH,\;7.6{\pm}1.1Hz\;for\;BCF,\;99.1{\pm}1.2%\;for\;STR,\;and\;77.1{\pm}12.7%\;for\;LIN$. The percentage of sperm with abnormal head, midpiece and tail was 4.2%, 20.6%, 4.6% respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2021

Ground Operations Command (GOC) has studied various methods using artificial intelligence (AI) in order to accomplish ground missions more effectively and to strongly respond to variable strategic situations with advancements in fourth industrial revolution technology. As the result of various literature reviews, PEST-7S-SWOT is considered the most appropriate methodology for promoting strategies and for task development. These procedures consist of three stages. Phase 1 is analysis of external environmental factors from applying PEST procedures. We analyzed external environmental factors to determine opportunities and risk factors. Phase 2 is the analysis of internal environmental factors from applying 7S strategies. We analyzed the current state of an organization to find strengths and weaknesses. Phase 3 is SWOT analysis. It is based on the opportunities and risk factors from Phase 1 and the strength and weakness factors from Phase 2. We derive promotional strategies and tasks through SWOT analysis. In this study, four strategies and 11 tasks were derived for GOC AI systems. Those are promotion of policies and systems, reinforcing organizations, building an AI base, increasing expertise and capabilities, and validating PEST-7S-SWOT methodologies.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.93-97
• /
• 2001

We introduce the structure and the capability of a UHV x-ray scattering system constructed for surface structural studies. The system consists of vacuum parts required for surface preparation and a vertical-horizontal diffractometer using the S2D2 geometry. To illustrate the capability of the system, we measured the 7$\times$7 reconstruction peak of a Si (111) surface. The peak count rate was 216 counts/sec and the domain size of the 7$\times$7 reconstruction was larger than 1600 $\AA$. This demonstrates that the system is capable of providing surface structural information.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.38 no.11
• /
• pp.1007-1012
• /
• 2015

EphA7 is a key molecule in regulating the development of the dien- and mesencephalon. To get insight into the mechanism of how EphA7 gene expression is regulated during the dorsal specification of the dien- and mesencephalon, we investigated the cis-acting regulatory sequence driving EphA7 to the dorsal midline of the dien- and mesencephalon. Transgenic LacZ reporter analysis, using overlapping EphA7 BACs, was used to narrow down the dorsal midline-specific enhancer, revealing the 25.3 kb genomic region as the enhancer candidate. Strikingly, this genomic DNA was located far downstream of the EphA7 transcription start site, +302.6 kb to +327.9 kb. Further enhancer mapping, using comparative genomic analysis and transgenic methods, showed that the 187 bp genomic DNA alone, approximately 305 kb downstream of the EphA7 transcription start site, was sufficient to act as the dorsal midline-specific enhancer of EphA7. Importantly, our results indicate that the 187 bp dorsal midline-specific enhancer is critically regulated by homeobox transcription factors during the development of the dien- and mesencephalon.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.41 no.7
• /
• pp.1009-1013
• /
• 2012

We investigated the antibacterial effects of Opuntia ficus indica extracts on foodborne pathogens, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes, on the medium of sliced apples. Pathogens were inoculated on sliced apples and immersed for 10 min in Opuntia ficus indica extracts. Each sample was packaged and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ and $21^{\circ}C$ for 8 days. The populations of E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes significantly decreased with increasing extract concentration (p<0.05). In particular, L. monocytogenes was reduced to non-detectable levels after 2 days in 50 mg/mL treatment at $4^{\circ}C$ and $21^{\circ}C$ Opuntia ficus indica extracts therefore have antibacterial effects on the two foodborne pathogens. Sensory evaluation results indicated that treated apples had better sensory characteristics than did the control. Therefore, the results suggest that Opuntia ficus indica extracts could be useful as a natural food preservative to improve microbial safety.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2004

The purpose of the study was to analyze in process of circulation market boiled whale meat's rancidity. oxidative rancidity is oil or fat food depend on oxygen in air oxidative change in quality. boiled whale meat faty come to oxidative rancidity food stability and hygiene reasons for people health poisonous point out, however it is not indication study of support. Accordingly confirm lead into circulation process boiled whale meat's rancidity examination and microorganism examination boiled whale meat's stability whether or not. The result obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Proximate percentage of boiled whale meat(pectoral, pelvic, fin, flank) of moisture and crude lipid and crude protein from samples shown to be : moisture was pectoral 16.4%, pelvic 36.2%, fin 46.2%, flank 19.2%, crude lipid was pectoral 54.1%, pelvic 42.8%, fin 15.8%, flank 40.6%,crude protein was pectoral 29.4%, pelvic 20.5%, fin 29.5%, flank 28.6%. 2. The fatty acid composition of total lipid were composed of pectoral 27.2%, pelvic 28.9%, fin 33.3%, flank 23.4% of oleic acid and pectoral 12.7%, pelvic 11.1%, fin 11.3%, flank 14.0% of palmitic acid pectoral 10.8%, pelvic 7.9%, fin 7.6%, flank 2.1% of docosahexaenoic acid, pectoral 14.2%, pelvic 7.5%, fin 1.9%, flank 7.2% of eicosenoic acid, pectoral 5.1%, pelvic 5.7%, fin 4.4%, flank 5.7% of myristic acid, 16: 0 11∼14 % of high saturated fatty acid. generally most of 18: 1ω9 of boiled whale meat's each portion, 22:6 7∼12%, 20:5 1∼14% of polyenoic fatty acid. 18:3 showen to be 1% make an expection of pectoral and fin portion the total lipid were most of netural lipid's about 90%, monoenic fatty acid were most of 19∼22% of saturated fatty acid, 77∼80% of monoenic fatty acid level of 47∼56% of 18:1 16:1 was markelly high to those of total lipid. 3. The storage number days variation of oxidation were shown to be by stages process favorably the past days of boiled whale meat's acid value for 5days. pectoral the day 0.1, five days 1.3, pelvic the day 0.1, five days 1.6, fin the day 0.3, five days 0.7, flank the day 0.2, five days 0.4. 4. The sealer and wrapper the storage number days variation of boiled whale meat oxidation for 7days were shown to be a stage of sealing, the temperature of a room, pectoral the day 0.1 seven days 0.6, pelvic the day 0.1, seven days 1.3, fin.