• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.615-625
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• 2023

This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of the lower-body shape of middle-aged males with abdominal obesity by type and consider dimensional distribution to present a suit-pants size. The criteria were having a waist circumference greater than 90 cm and a waist-to-hip ratio(WHR) greater than 0.90; a total of 566 middle-aged males were surveyed. The findings revealed that, first, compared to standard lower-body types, the average body size of abdomenobese middle-aged males was significantly larger, especially in the horizontal area than in the vertical ares. Second, through a cluster analysis, a total of three categories of abdominal obesity were defined: small oval, large cylinder, and trapezoid type. The coverage rates of each type were 93.8%, 75.9%, and 93.0%, respectively. Finally, the suit-pants size system established according to lower-body types indicated the basic body size and reference body size were different for each type and also for the KS K 0050 male adult's garments size system. According to the definition of abdominal obesity, the types of abdominal obesity and the dimensions of each area are different, even if they belong to the same obesity group, suggesting that it is necessary to develop a pattern based on the analysis of obesity types.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.16 no.6 s.84
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• pp.759-766
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• 2004

The addition of steel fiber with concrete significantly improves the engineering properties of structural members, notably shear strength. The purpose of this study is to determine the steel fiber shape, aspect ratio and volume fraction ratio in a point of practical usage as structural members. Steel fiber factor and volume fraction are also considered to verify the strengthening effect in member level. From the reviewing of previous researches and analyzing of consecutive material test results, the optimum shape and length of steel fiber, which can have a good strengthening effects were defined as a hooked end type and larger than 1.5 times of maximum gravel size. Analyzing the test results of strength and deformation capacity, aspect ratio 75 and volume fraction $1.5\%$ can be having a maximum strengthening effect of steel fiber. Also steel fiber factor, tensile splitting strength, and flexural strength are found as key parameter in shear strengthening effect in member level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.281-289
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• 1993

Concept of the comfort and fitness becomes a major concern in the basic function of the ready-made clothes. Accordingly a more sophiscated classification of the human morphological characteristics is strongly required for the effective clothing construction. This research was performed to classify and characterize Korean adult males anthropometrically. Sample size was 1290 subjects and their age range was from 19 to 54 years old. Sampling was carried out by the stratified sampling method. Data were collected by the direct anthropometric measurement. 75 variables in total were applied to classify the bodytypes. Data were analyzed by the multivariate method, especially factor and cluster analysis. The high factor loading items extracted by factor analysis were based to determine the variables of the cluster analysis for the similar bodytypes respectively. In the part of the trunk, 19 variables from the data were applied to classify the bodytypes of trunk by Ward's minimum variance method. The groups forming a cluster were subdivided into 5 sets by cross-tabulation extracted by the hierarchical culster analysis. Type 3 and 4 in trunk were composed of the majority of 55.6% of the subjects. The Korean adult males had relatively well-balanced bodytypes in trunk.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.133-142
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to validate the number of gyrations of Superpave gyratory compactor(SGC) for compaction of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) and warm-mix asphalt(WMA) mixtures. Marshall compaction was also used for comparison purpose. The 13mm and 19mm aggregates of 1st class quality shape were used. A PG64-22 and a PG76-22 for HMA and a PG70-22 for WMA. Four compaction temperatures based on the suggested value were used for each binder using 100 gyrations for SGC and 75 blows per side for Marshall compactor. It was found that SGC compaction was somewhat better than Marshall compaction. The analysis of variance showed that two compactors were significantly different in air voids of 19mm mixtures at ${\alpha}=0.05$ level. The 13mm mixture did not show a significant statistical difference. When compacted at the temperature below a certain level, however, the compaction of two compactors were fond to be proor. Therefore, observing compaction temperature above the minimum level is important to secure proper compaction work. If the minimum temperatures were maintained, 100 gyrations, which was given for HMA of arterial road pavement by the Korean Guide, was found to be appropriate compaction, showing similar or better compaction work than 75 blows per side of Marshall compaction.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.100-108
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• 2010

The axial strength of existing RC columns were experimentally investigated in this paper to understand the strength characteristics of existing structural members and to get a appropriate data in strengthening design of RC members in a remodelling construction. Ten RC columns were prepared by being cut and extracted directly from the demolition site of the apartment housings. Each column was tested under uniaxial loadings with different eccentricities in order to evaluate the axial strength of existing RC columns. From the test results, it was found that axial strength of all the specimens were at least 75% higher than those of the theoretical values required by current code. But member displacement ductility ratio were relatively low ranging from 2.12~5.86.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-4
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• 1989

To determine the thickness of coronal hard structure the minimal distance between pupal surface and outer surface of crown was measured by means of Bowley gauge on extracted first molars. Upper(28 teeth) and lower(24 teeth) were carefully collected from 30-39 years of age and male. The teeth were split mesio-distally through central pit. On the split surface various part which are deeply related in cavity preparation were measured (schematic drawing). The results were as follows: A : Distance from mesio-cervical enamel to pulp chamber surface. upper $2.63{\pm}0.19$(mm) Lower $2.18{\pm}0.27$(um) B : Distance from mesial chamber ceiling to mesial surface upper $2.75{\pm}0.34$ Lower $2.62{\pm}0.31$ C : Distance from mesial chamber ceiling to occlusal surface upper $3.82{\pm}0.51$ Lower $3.49{\pm}0.50$ D : Distance from distal chamber ceiling to occlusal surface upper $4.28{\pm}0.69$ Lower $3.90{\pm}0.52$ E : Distance from distal chamber ceiling to distal surface upper $2.79{\pm}0.45$ Lower $2.41{\pm}0.40$ F : Distance from disto cervical enamel to pulp chamber surface upper $2.49{\pm}0.24$ Lower $2.39{\pm}0.25$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.159-165
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• 1997

This paper presents the optimum dimension of 89 ton class stow-net vessel with stern-fishing. The model of basic design is developed by using the optimization techniques referring to objective function and numerous constraints as follows; speed, fishing quantity, fishing days, catch per unit effort(CPUE), and weight/ratio of main dimensions, etc. Thus, the basic design of stow-net fishing vessel is built up by using the optimization of the design variables called the economic optimization criteria, and the objective function represents the criterion which is cost benefit ratio(CBR). The main conclusions are as follows. 1. S/W for decision of optimum hull size is developed in 89 ton class stow-net fishing vessel which is constructed with optimization of the design variables called the economic optimization criteria. 2. For optimum ship dimensions in 89 ton class stow-net fishing vessel, the hull dimensions can be obtained in the range of L= 27.3m, B = 6.6m, D = 2.80m, Cb = 0.695, T/D = 0.80, $\Delta$(displacement)=281.7ton with 10 knots.

• Composites Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.26-33
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• 2007

Pull-out and shear strengths of insert Joints of sandwich structure were investigated by experiment. Specimens were prepared by cocuring of nomex honeycomb core and carbon-epoxy composite face using an adhesive FM73. A total of 75 specimens with 10 different types depending on the core height and density, face thickness, and loading direction were tested. In the test under pull-out loading, although both the core height and density affect the failure loads, the effect of cell density is more serious. Dominant factor fur failure loads of the joints under shear loading is face thickness and the effect of core height is negligible. In the joint with same dimension, failure loads vary depending on the potted area of the core, particularly in the pull-out test.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.206-213
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• 1998

Cu, Ni, and Mo were ion-diffused into the pure steel powder in the aqueous solution of $(CuNO_3)_2$, $Ni(NO_3)_2)_2$, and $(NH_4)_6Mo_7O_{24}$, to form partial diffusion bond prealloyed steel powder. The mechanical properties, and compacting and sintering characteristics were investigated as a function of Cu. Ni and Mo contents. The results of the this research, it was found that the smallest change of size was observed, and the good degree of hardness and tensile strength was observed when 1.50wt%Cu, 1.75wt%Ni and 0.50wt%Mo was added each other. The powder metallurgy characteristics of partial diffusion bond prealloyed steel powder containing 1.50wt% of Cu, 1.75wt% of Ni and 0.5wt% of Mo were compared to those of distalloy $AB\textregistered$ which was manufactured in Hogani Corporation of Sweden. Partial diffusion bond prealloyed steel powder of this study had good degree of hardness and density, and its dimensional stability was same to that of pure steel powder. Under the same sintering density and temperature, the tensile strength of the ion powder from this research was $15~20Kg/\textrm{mm}^2$ larger than that of distalloy AB'. also the hardness was larger in the magnitude of Hv20-30. When the powder metallurgy heat-treated, hardness and tensile strength were substantially increased.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 1991

A hull form for an Aframax tanker whore form parameters cover the values of $C_B{\simeq}0.8,\;L/B{\simeq}5.5\;and\;B/d{\simeq}3.5$ has been developed by applying a composite stern frameline concept and its excellent performance has been evaluated through a series of model tests at the Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering. The tests showed that this concept was very much promising in the cases of wide breadth and shallow draught vessels and suitably applicable to the stern frameline shape. For the comparison, a hull form developed by Japanese 'H' yard has been selected and the performances of two hull forms were evaluated by model tests and theoretical calculations. The comparison shows that Daewoo hull form requires less effective power by 10% and less delevered power by 5-6% at both full load and ballast conditions. In addition, it is suggested that Hushes method can give better correlationthan Froude method because the full scale resistance extrapolated by Froude method would be very much optimistic in case of the hull form with very low value of form factor.