• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 1996

Chitosanase from Bacillus sp. HW-002 was purified with CM-cellulose column chromatography, and HPLC with DEAE- TSK gel and YMC-pack Diol 120. The purified enzyme appeared as a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 46 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel, and was estimated to be about 23 kDa by GFC. The optimal pH of chitosanolytic activity was about pH 5.5-6.0, and the purified enzyme was most stable at pH 5.0. The optimal temperature of chitosanolytic activity was $65^{\circ}C$ and the enzyme was stable at $45^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. Chitosan was the most favorable substrate among various $\beta$-glucan. UVmax of the purified enzyme was 195 nmand was not noted around 280 nm. The main product of enzyme reaction with chitosan was chitobiose.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.277-292
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• 2015

The extraction of lactic acid by an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM), in batch and continuous mode, has been reported. On the basis of preliminary experiments, the optimum composition of the organic phase (membrane) is determined. When the SPan 80 is used as surfactant, the emulsion breakage exceeds 50%, but only 10% is obtained when the ECA4360 is used. The effects of surfactant, carrier and solute concentrations, phase volume ratio, and stirring speed on the extraction yield were examined and optimized. Surfactant, carrier and diluent used were ECA4360, trilaurylamine (TLA) and dodecane, respectively; 2-ethylhexane-1,3-diol (EHD) is used as a co-surfactant. Under optimal conditions, emulsion breaking is very low and the swelling is kept at its lowest level. Under the pH conditions of fermentation medium, the extraction yield is lower. A mixer-settler continuous system was used for testing these conditions. The residence time, the number of extraction stages and the stability of the emulsion were studied and optimized. The extraction yield obtained exceeds 90%.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.215-219
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• 2013

In this study, in order to investigate how consecutive treatments of glass surface with HF acid and water vapor/Ar plasma affect the quality of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane self-assembled monolayer (APS-SAM), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films were vapor phase-polymerized immediately after spin coating of FeCl3 and poly-urethane diol-mixed oxidant solution on the monolayer surfaces prepared at various treatment conditions. For the film characterization, various poweful tools were used, e.g., FE-SEM, an optical microscope, four point probe, and a contact angle analyzer. The characterization revealed that a well prepared APS-SAM on a glass surface treated with water vapor/Ar plasma is very useful for uniform coating of FeCl3 and DUDO mixed oxidant solution, regardless of HF treatment. On the other hand, a bare glass surface without APS-SAM but treated with HF and water vapor/Ar plasma generally led to a very poor oxidant film. As a result, PEDOT films vapor phase-polymerized on APS-SAM surfaces are far superior to those on bare glass surfaces in the quality and electrical characteristics aspects.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.495-499
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• 2007

Seven epoxy- and hydroxyandrostane derivatives ($DH-1{\sim}DH-7$) and nine epoxy- and hydroxycholestane derivatives ($CH-1{\sim}CH-9$) with unsaturation in ring A and ring B were synthesized from DHEA and cholesterol, respectively. The antinociceptive effects of all synthesized compounds were measured by hot plate method. Most of androstane derivatives except $1{\alpha},2{\alpha}$-epoxy-4,6-androstadiene-3,17-dione (DH-3), and CH-6, CH-7 and CH-9 exhibited antinociceptive effect. 1,4-Androstadiene-$3{\beta},17{\beta}$-diol (DH-5, 100 mg/kg, $35.8{\pm}7.39$), $6{\alpha},7{\alpha}$-epoxy-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione (DH-4, 100 mg/kg, $32.6{\pm}5.50$) and $5{\alpha},6{\alpha}$-epoxy-17-oxo-androstan-$3{\beta}$-ol (DH-1, 100 mg/kg, $32.5{\pm}2.98$) were more effective than morphine (10 mg/kg, $30.6{\pm}0.5$). The analgesic effects of androstane derivatives on acetic acid writhing in mice were lower than aspirin. The androstane derivatives were less effective than ibuprofen at inhibiting effects on the carrageenin induced paw oedema. 4,6-Cholestadien-$3{\beta}$-ol (CH-5), $1{\alpha},2{\alpha}$-epoxy-4,6-cholestadien-$3{\beta}$-ol (CH-7) and $7{\alpha}$-hydroxy4-cholesten-3-one (CH-9) showed the decrease of serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in poloxamer P-407 injected rat.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2005

Seven diterpenes, four polyacetylenes, a lipid glycerol, and two sterols were isolated from the methylene chloride fraction of the root of Aralia cordata. Their chemical structures were determined as (-)-pimara-8(14), 15-dien-19-oic acid (2), pimaric acid (3), (-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (4), 17-hydroxy-ent-kaur-15-en-19-oic acid (9), $7{\alpha}$-hydroxy-(-)-pimara-8(14), 15-dien-19-oic acid (10), $16\alpha$, 17 -dihydroxy-(-)-kauran-19-oic acid (11), 16-hydroxy-17-isovaleroyloxy-ent-kauran-19­oic acid (12), falcarindiol (5), dehydrofalcarindiol (6), dehydrofalcarindiol-8-acetate (7), falcarin­diol-8-acetate (8), alpha-mono palmitin (13), stigmasterol (1), and daucosterol (14) by the spectral evidences. These compounds were tested with COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition assays. This study found that compounds 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 inhibited COX-1 dependent conversion of the exogenous arachidonic acid to $PGE_2$ in a dose-dependent manner with $IC_{50}$ values of $134.2{\mu}M$, $121.6{\mu}M$, $170{\mu}M$, $50.4{\mu}M$, $11.7{\mu}M$, $99.6{\mu}M$, and $69.6{\mu}M$, respectively. But, most of these compounds weakly inhibited COX-2 dependent $PGE_2$ generation. Among them, only compound 4 showed relatively significant inhibitory activity $(IC_{50}\;:\;127.6{\mu}M)$.

• Mycobiology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.604-606
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• 2021

In our ongoing search for new secondary metabolites from fungal strains, one novel compound (1) and nine known compounds (2-10) were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble layer of the culture broth of Panus rudis. The culture broth of P. rudis was extracted in acetone and fractionated by solvent partition; column chromatography using silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and Sephadex G-10; MPLC; and HPLC. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by one- and two-dimensional NMR and LC-ESI-mass measurements. One new compound, panepoxydiol (1), and nine known compounds, (E)-3-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-en-1-yl)-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene-2,5-diol (2), isopanepoxydone (3), neopanepoxydone (4), panepoxydone (5), panepophenanthrin (6), 4-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-methoxychromane (7), 6-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-chromen (8), 2,2-dimethyl-6-methoxychroman-4-one (9), 3,4-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-methoxychromane (10), were isolated from the culture broth of P. rudis. This is the first report of isolation of a new compound panepoxydiol (1) and nine other chemical constituents (2-5, 7-10) from the culture broth of P. rudis.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.401-409
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• 2004

The 7-keto-DHEA-acetate is converted to 7-keto-DHEA, a metabolite of DHEA, and similar to its metabolism. We studied the metabolite M3, M4, and M5 of 7-keto-DHEA-acetate. The estimated molecular weight of M3 and M4 was 304 which were supposed to have more 3 hydroxyl and/or ketone groups. We could know that M3 is the 7-OH-DHEA which has the hydroxyl groups on 3 and 7-carbon and a ketone group on 17-carbon. In case of M4, it is the 7-oxo-diol metabolite which has the hydroxyl groups on 3 and 17-carbon and a ketone group on 7-carbon. The M5 was supposed that the molecular weight is 320 and has the three hydroxyl groups on 3, 6, and 16 carbon and the ketone group on 17-carbon. After dosing, 7-OH-DHEA showed the maximum urine flow in human urine after 5 hr and decreased rapidly. But we could find it until 58 hr why is a higher remaining substance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.36-36
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• 1998

Tumorigenicity of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxides ((+)BPDE-1, (-)BPDE-1) was investigated in transgenic TG-AC mice carrying v-Ha-ras oncogene fused to the promoter of the mouse embryonic a-like, z-globin gene. Animals were topically treated twice per week for 25weeks with BPDE (10$\mu$g/mouse) and BP (10, 20, 40$\mu$g/mouse). In addition, animals were treated with BPDE or BP (initiated) followed by TPA (2$\times$2.5$\mu$g/week, for 4 weeks) for promotion study. In the continuous treatment of BPDE or BP, animals treated with 40$\mu$g BP showed $100\%$ tumor response after 20 weeks, $40\%$ of mice for 20$\mu$g BP, and $20\%$ for (+)BPDE-1, but (-)BPDE-1 and 10$\mu$g BP did not show any tumor response. After 25 weeks, most tumors turned out to be carcinomas in animals treated with 40$\mu$g BP. In BPDE or BP/TPA Initiation-promotion study, papilloma response occurred earlier (6 weeks after TPA treatment) than in continuously treated animals with BPDE or BP. RT-PCR assay for transgene expression showed that BP or BPOE was not transgene dependent in its tumorigenicity, but TPA was. Several Cytokine genes(TGF-a, TNF-a) and c-myc gene expressions were monitored in skin tissues during BP carcinogenesis. In early stage of BP treatment, the gene expressions were elevated(c-myc,TGF-a) or unchanged(TNF-a) compared to control, but the levels were gradually decreased during both middle and late stages of cacinogenesis, Gene expression levels of skin papillomas in acetone initiated-TPA promoted animals were close to those of middle stage or between middle and late stages. i-NOS was also highly expressed in carcinoma and papilloma, These data suggest that transgene expressions of TG-AC mice were not dependent on BP carcinogenesis and that TG-AC mice were more sensitive to TPA regardless of types of initiators. In addition, genes(TGF-a, c-myc, TNF-a, i-NOS) were modulated in the skin during BP cacinogenesis or TPA promotion.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.319-325
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• 2009

Twelve compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanol extract of Lonicera Caulis (Caprifoliaceae) and their structures were identified as six triterpenoids [(24S)-cycloart-25-en-$3{\beta}$,24-diol (1), pomolic acid (7), ursolic acid (8), euscaphic acid (9), hederagenin (10), and 23-hydroxytormentic acid (12)] and six sterols [obtusifoliol (2), gramisterol (3), citrostadienol (4), ${\beta}$-sitosterol (5), ergosterol peroxide (6) and ${\beta}$-sitosterol glucoside (11)]. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified on the basis of spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature values. All the compounds were isolated from this plant parts for the first time.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.329-333
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• 2004

In this study, we investigated whether TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, CTMA (carboxymethyl trimethylammonium) and LPD (Lup-20[29]-ene-3beta,28-diol) affect mucin release from airway goblet cells and compared the activities of these agents with the inhibitory action of PLL and the stimulatory action of ATP on mucin release. Confluent primary hamster tracheal surface epithelial (HTSE) cells were metabolically radiolabeled with $^3H-glucosamine$ for 24 h and chased for 30 min in the presence of varying concentrations of each agent to assess the effects on $^3H-mucin$ release. The results were as follows: TNF-alpha, CTMA and LPD increased mucin release at the highest concentration, but IL-1beta did not. We conclude that CTMA and LPD can stimulate mucin release by directly acting on airway mucin-secreting cells, and suggest that these agents should be further investigated for the possible use as mild expectorants during the treatment of chronic airway diseases.