• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.20-27
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• 1998

In the current seismic design codes design earthquake is usually defined as the earthquake with the 90 percent probability of not being exceeded in the life time of a structure which is assumed as 50 years equivalent to the earthquake with 475 year recurrence period. However the life time of tall building structures may be much longer than 50 yers. The current seismic design code requires the modal analysis or dynamic time history analysis for the buildings with the height exceeding a certain height limit. The objective of this study is to collect the earthquake ground motion(EQGM) which can be used for dynamic time history analysis for tall buildings. For this purpose linear elastic design response spectrum (LEDRS) in the code is scaled to account for the recurrence period of the design earthquake. The earthquake ground motions which has been recorded are calibrated to fit the scaled LEDRS. The set of calibrated EQGM can be treated as design EQGM for the design of tall building with longer lifetime than ordinary building.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.65-81
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• 2017

In Korea, sesame oil has been used as a flavor source mainly by edible oil since ancient times, and it has been used by domestic screw pressing. In the 1960's, the demand for edible oils and fats increased significantly due to the improvement of national income and changes in food consumption patterns. In the early 1970's, a few edible oil manufacturing companies with modern solvent extraction and refining plants were established. In Korea, edible oil manufacturers account for more than 85% of employees with 50 or fewer employees. In Korea, there is a very shortage of raw materials for edible oils and fats, domestic production of edible oil is decreasing year by year and import volume is continuously increasing. While importing the edible oil bearing ingredients including soybean and extracted oil in the past, recently mainly imports crude oil and refines it in Korea. Soybean oil, palm oil and tallow account for 70~90% of total imported edible oils. Due to the recent well-being trend, the demand for olive, canola and grapeseed oils as household edible oil has increased and the production of blended oil has been greatly increased. Since the late 1980's, people have recognized edible oil and fat as a food instead of seasoning ingredient and have increased their edible oil and fat intake in Korea. Since the early 2000's, refined oil and fat products produced in Korea have been exported and is increasing every year.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.329-332
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• 2021

Although lipoma is a common benign tumor, it occurs relatively infrequently in the oral and maxillofacial areas, and only 31 cases of lipoma in the buccal fat pad have been reported. Herein, we present an extremely rare case of symmetric lipomas in both buccal fat pads. These masses were incidentally discovered during a facelift procedure in a 50-year-old woman with a 4-year history of tamoxifen use. during which she had gained 10 kg. The patient stated that cheek protrusion had developed concomitantly with weight gain and was exacerbated by an injection lipolysis procedure she had received 1 year previously. This case underscores the importance of paying careful attention to the patient's medication use and surgical history when evaluating suspected cases of lipoma, and sheds light on tamoxifen use and subcutaneous injections of phosphatidylcholine and deoxycholate as potential risk factors for lipoma development.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.313-332
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• 2020

Purpose: This year 2020 marks the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Korean Society of Nursing Science (KSNS). This study was aimed to explore development of caring and describe the 50 years of history of KSNS within the sociocultural context of Korea regarding academic footsteps, meanings, and implications for the future. Methods: This study used a historical research methodology using a literature review and bibliometric analysis. Relevant literature was reviewed and the published abstracts in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing (JKAN) were analyzed using VOSviewer. Results: Birth control and family planning in the 1970s was the main research topic. In the 1980s, the development of nursing concepts, theories, and philosophies was the mission of KSNS to extend the disciplinary boundary. In the 1990s, the progress of KSNS to become one of the woman-dominant healthcare professionals was the mission in the given period. Expanding the frontiers of KSNS to the extent of global standards was the undertaking of the nursing scholars in the 2000s. Lastly, in the 2010s, the quality and quantity improvement of KSNS and JKAN is expected to make our future even prosperous. The map visualization of the 50 years of research accumulation showed the comparable opposition of quantitative vs. qualitative research methodologies, equation modeling, and instrument development. Conclusion: These clusters of research demonstrates the efforts to make nursing evidence by Korean nursing scholars for the last five decades. The growth in the slope of KSNS and outcomes of JKAN are to carry on to an unimaginable extent in the future.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2017

Background: Tapered grafts, which have a smaller diameter on the arterial side, have been increasingly used for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) formation. We compared the outcomes of 4-6-mm tapered and 6-mm straight forearm loop arteriovenous grafts. Methods: A total of 103 patients receiving forearm loop arteriovenous grafts between March 2005 and March 2015 were retrospectively analyzed and separated into 2 groups (group A, 4- to 6-mm tapered grafts, n=78; group B, 6-mm straight grafts, n=25). In each group, complications and patency rates after surgery were assessed. Results: Clinical characteristics and laboratory results, except for cerebrovascular disease history (group A, 7.7%; group B, 28.0%; p=0.014), were similar between the groups. No significant differences were found for individual complications. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed no significant differences in 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year patency rates between groups (61.8%, 44.9%, and 38.5% vs. 62.7%, 41.1%, and 35.3%, respectively). Conclusion: We found no significant differences in complication and patency rates between the tapered and straight graft groups. If there are no differences in complication and patency between the two graft types, tapered grafts may be a valuable option for AVF formation in light of their other advantages.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2010

Objectives: We evaluated the reliability of the possible covariates of the baseline survey data collected for the Epidemiological Investigation on Cancer Risk Among Residents Who Reside Near the Nuclear Power Plants in Korea. Methods: Follow-up surveys were conducted for 477 participants of the cohort at less than 1 year after the initial survey. The mean interval between the initial and follow-up surveys was 282.5 days. Possible covariates were identified by analyzing the correlations with the exposure variable and associations with the outcome variables for all the variables. Logistic regression analysis with stepwise selection was further conducted among the possible covariates to select variables that have covariance with other variables. We considered that these variables can be representing other variables. Seven variables for the males and 3 variables for the females, which had covariance with other possible covariates, were selected as representative variables. The Kappa index of each variable was calculated. Results: For the males, the Kappa indexes were as follow; family history of cancer was 0.64, family history of liver diseases in parents and siblings was 0.56, family history of hypertension in parents and siblings was 0.51, family history of liver diseases was 0.50, family history of hypertension was 0.44, a history of chronic liver diseases was 0.53 and history of pulmonary tuberculosis was 0.36. For females, the Kappa indexes were as follow; family history of cancer was 0.58, family history of hypertension in parents and siblings was 0.56 and family history of hypertension was 0.47. Conclusions: Most of the possible covariates showed good to moderate agreement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.48-50
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• 2021

More than half of patients presenting with hoarseness show benign vocal cord changes. However, in rare cases with benign mucosal lesions, it can be diagnosed as a malignant disease after histopathological examination. A 53-year-old man with a 30-pack-year smoking history was admitted for the evaluation of hoarseness, and using a laryngoscope, an enclosed, sac-like cystic lesion was detected on the midpoint of the right true vocal cord. The cystic lesion was deemed to be an intracordal cyst and treated with laryngeal microsurgery. However, pathological findings showed squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx arising in the intracordal cyst, which is exceptionally rare. Therefore, even if a benign lesion is initially suspected, a biopsy must be performed on a patient with smoking history to confirm the diagnosis. In conclusion, we report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx arising in the intracordal cyst.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.873-879
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• 1989

The 50-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital because of dysphagia and foreign body sensation on the neck after swallowing of solid foods 5 days ago. Esophagoscopic findings, performed on 2 days prior to admission, revealed no pathology. She had no history of preexisting esophageal disease. Under the diagnosis of the cervical esophageal perforation by routine studies such as simple chest, neck x-ray films and clinical findings, incision and drainage on the retropharyngeal space was done. Postoperatively we found the protruded degenerative spur on the 5th and 6th cervical vertebral bodies, and we considered that esophageal perforation in this case was predisposed by cervical spur. The postoperative course was uneventful.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to ascertain the relationship between ingestion of raw cow liver and $Toxocara$ $canis$ infection. A total of 150 apparently healthy adults were divided into 2 groups; 1 group consisted of 86 adults with positive results of Toxocara ELISA, and the other group of 64 adults with negative results. One researcher collected the history of ingestion of raw cow liver within 1 year and recent history of keeping dogs. Among 86 seropositive adults for $T.$ $canis$, 68 (79.1%) had a recent history of ingestion of raw cow liver. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that a recent ingestion of raw cow liver and keeping dogs were related to an increased risk of toxocariasis (odds ratios, 4.4 and 3.7; and 95% confidence intervals, 1.9-10.2 and 1.2-11.6, respectively). A recent history of ingestion of raw cow liver and keeping dogs was significantly associated with toxocariasis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.48-50
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• 2011

A 57-year-old man presented with a 2-day history of left oculomotor palsy. Digital subtraction angiography revealed a pseudoaneurysm of the left cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) measuring $37{\times}32mm$. The pseudoaneurysm was treated with a balloon expandable graft-stent to occlude the aneurysmal neck and preserve the parent artery. A post-procedure angiogram confirmed normal patency of the ICA and complete sealing of the aneurysmal neck with no opacification of the sac. After the procedure, the oculomotor palsy improved gradually, and had completely resolved 3 months after the procedure. A graft-stent can be an effective treatment for a pseudoaneurysm of the cavernous ICA with preservation of the parent artery.