• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.73-82
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• 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study is to develop a case study protocol to complete final version of Korean medicine clinical pathway (CP) by applying Korean medicine CP based on carpal tunnel syndrome Korean medicine clinical practice guidelines developed by clinical experts to clinical field. Methods After applying previously developed CP, 10-point Likert scale questionnaires on satisfaction of CP, appropriateness and improvement on out patient department (OPD) treatments are carried out in the 2^nd week of OPD treatment. An open-ended questionnaire is also carried out to ask if there is any requirement to be added or improved among CP interventions. Results Final version of CP is going to be completed based on the questionnaire, excluding articles of which average or median value is less than 5 from 10-point Likert scale. Conclusions This evidence-based case study protocol is expected to contribute development of carpal tunnel syndrome clinical pathway.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.129-137
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Postural Yinyang correction of the temporomandibular joint (functional cerebrospinal therapy) on temporomandibular disorder. Methods: Medical records of 21 outpatients were reviewed who were diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorder, unspecified (K0769) and treated at the Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dong-Eui University Korean Medicine Hospital from May $1^{st}$, 2017 to April $30^{th}$, 2018. Patients received more than 10 treatments of upper cervical manipulation and performed self-exercise therapy more than 3 times a day and wore an accurate balancing appliance in the oral cavity for more than 8 hours per day. To estimate the efficacy, visual analogue scale (VAS), numerical rating scale (NRS), maximum mouth opening (MMO), symptom intensity scale (SIS), max SIS (MSIS), symptom frequency scale (SFS), mandibular function impairment questionnaire (MFIQ) and 5-point Likert scale were used. Results: NRS and MSIS were significantly improved during each period. VAS, MMO, SIS, and SFS were significantly improved during each period, except the period from the $8^{th}$ to $10^{th}$ visit. MFIQ score was significantly improved during the period from the $1^{st}$ to $10^{th}$ visit. In the 5-point Likert scale, the results showed a high patient satisfaction with the treatment. Conclusion: These results showed that functional cerebrospinal therapy using an accurate balancing appliance, may be useful for reducing the symptoms of temporomandibular disorder.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was designed to develop a valid and reliable scale for the evaluation of preconception health behavior in women preparing for pregnancy. Methods: The initial strategy included a literature review, interviews, and construction of a conceptual framework. The preliminary items were evaluated twice for content validity by experts, and modified two preliminary investigations. Participants in the 2 main investigations and the confirmation investigation were tested for reliability and validity of the preliminary scale in women preparing for pregnancy. The data were analyzed for different items exploratory and confirmatory factors. Results: The 5-point Likert scale consisted of 6 factors and 27 items. The 6-factors included 'hazardous substance factor,' 'medical management factor,' 'rest and sleep factor,' 'stress management factor,' 'information acquisition factor,' and 'resource preparation factor.' Goodness of fit of the final research model was very appropriate and based on the following measures: Q=1.98, comparative fit index=.91, Tucker-lewis index=.89, standardized root mean square residual=.07, and root mean square error of approximation=.07. The criterion validity was .64. The reliability coefficient was .92 and the test-retest reliability was .61. Conclusion: The study findings indicate that the scale can be used for the development of nursing interventions to promote preconception health behavior in women preparing for pregnancy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.723-737
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• 1995

The purposes of this study were to investigate 1) the difference of cognitive evaluation on body exposure of female clothing, ann 2) purchase frequency and intention of wearing according to demographic variables. The instrument of this study consisted of response scale and stimuli. Thirty three items of 7.point Likert scale were developed to measure cognitive evaluation of the people who responded. The stimuli were 7 types of clothing, differing exposure parts and style on line drawing. The sample included 450 subjects, consisting of 231 in Seoul and 219 in Chun-nam Province. Statistics applied for analysis were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, correlation, t-test, F-test, Duncan's multiple range test, factor analysis. The Results were: 1. Constructing factors of cognitive evaluation consisted of elegance, sensuality, attraction, individuality. There were significant differences in every factor on each types of clothing. 2. The evaluation toward each types of clothing was influenced by the subjects' sex, age, and residence. 3. Purchase frequency and intention of female subjects' wearing were very low, and there were significant differences on demographic variables.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.98-107
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for measuring sexual values of college students. Methods: The data were collected from 308 university students for three months from March 15th to June 15th, 2016. The development of the scale was done in the following order: development of preliminary items; verification of content validity and reliability; factor analysis; and criterion validity of final items. Results: We developed a questionnaire using a five-point Likert-type scale in a self-report form containing 18 items. From the factor analysis, 18 items in three factors were finalized. The 18 items included 3 sub-scales: Cognitive (5 items); Affective (4 items); and Behavioral (9 items). The internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.88$). In this study, sexual values were significantly correlated with self-concept (r=.344, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study will be useful not only for evaluating sexual values of college students but also for obtaining basic data for sex education. However, we need further studies in order to use the scale in practice and research.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.89-100
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop a "Korean Childcare Teacher's Job Satisfaction Scale"(KCTJSS) and to evaluate its reliability and validity. KCTJSS was 72 items and 6 point Likert scale. Participants consisted of 211 childcare teachers by purposive sampling. Results were as follows: First, Exploratory factor analysis resulted in 40 items composed of 6 factors : The principal's childcare center operation system, working environments and welfare, social recognition, amount of work and time management, relationships with co-workers, relationships with parents. Second, the confirmatory factor analysis supported a 6 factor structure. Third, Criterion-related validity was confirmed by significant correlations of the present scale with Early Childhood Job Satisfaction Survey(Jorde-Bloom, 1989). Fourth, the reliability of factors using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ appeared high, ranging from .83 to .93.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 2001

Background: Response to diagnostic blocks does not consistently predict the outcome of interventional facet denervation. We investigated the relationship between pain relief by the percutaneous radiofrequency denervation of the lumbar zygapophysial joints with the result of facet joint diagnostic local anesthetic injection in patients with back pain originating from the lumbar zygapophysial joint. Methods: There were 35 patients enrolled, with ranging in age from 25 to 76 years ($52.6{\pm}12.7$ years, mean ${\pm}$ SD). We studied 7 men (20%) and 28 women (80%). All patients underwent double diagnostic block of $L_{3/4}$, $L_{4/5}$ and $L_5-S_1$ facet joint with 0.5% bupivacaine. The 35 patients fell into the following group. (1) Group A (n = 16): those who felt clear relief (pain free with Likert scale) from the double diagnostic block (2) Group B (n = 19): 11 patients who were always equivocal in their response to the double diagnostic block and 8 patients who were either pain free or equivocal in their response to the double diagnostic block. All 11 patients were done the facet joint denervation. The effect on the pain was evaluated with 4 point Likert scale 1, 6 and 12 weeks after the procedure. We evaluated the relationship between the pain response to diagnostic block and the pain relief with facet joint denervation. Results: Significant correlation was observed between the response to diagnostic block and pain relief with facet denervation (P < 0.05). We found no correlation between the categories of spinal operation and pain response to facet denervation (P value > 0.05). Conclusions: A satisfactory result of lumbar facet joint denervation can be obtained in many patients, especillay in patients whose pain were relieved by the diagnostic double facet joint block. It may be said that facet joint denervation for mechanical low back pain using radiofrequency thermocoagulation is a safe, easy, and repeatable technique.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2014

Purpose - Recent rapid environmental changes in the hospital industry are accelerating the spread of customer satisfaction management. Customers' desires have become diversified and advanced; in the past, customers tended to preferred popularized and standardized care, whereas they now prefer individualized and differentiated care, based on an increase in income. Specifically, this study tries to analyze the mediating effects of factors that affect the configuration portion of customer value and relationship quality (customer trust and relationship commitment) by investigating the impacts and configuration factor of customer value on relationship quality and determining how these factors impact customer loyalty directly or indirectly. Research design, data, and methodology - This study aims to determine the customer value factors that impact the perceptions of dental hospital customers, how these factors impact relationship quality and customer loyalty, and the causal relationship of these factors, and to verify the research model based on previous research. To increase the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the authors of this study constructed basic questions using measurement tools already verified for reliability and validity in existing studies. In this study, customer value is defined as customers' recognizing value by exchanging goods or services and is measured using a five-point Likert scale using 19 questions about the 4-Ds, such as convenience value, quick service, response value, and trustworthiness. For each question, "very low" was set at 1 point and "very high" at 5 points. Customer trust, relationship commitment, and customer loyalty are also measured using a five-point Likert 5-point scale (1 = very low, 5 = very high) based on previous studies. Results - For customer value, trustworthiness and quick service are shown to have direct significant positive impacts on customer loyalty. For customer value and quality of the relationship (customer confidence and commitment), trustworthiness, response value, confidence value, and quick service are shown to have a significant positive impact on customer truth, in order of impact. For the relationship between customer value and commitment, quick service and response value are shown to have significant positive impact. Customer confidence has a very high positive influence on commitment. For the relationship between the quality of the relationship (customer confidence and commitment) and customer loyalty, customer confidence is shown to have more of an impact than commitment, in terms of a direct influence of customer loyalty. Commitment showed a positive impact on customer loyalty. For the relationship between customer confidence and customer loyalty, commitment showed a mediating effect. Conclusions - Many additional variables could apply; this study focused on customer value, quality of the relationship, and customer loyalty. In particular, there will be significant value in identifying the relationships among customer value, relationship quality, and customer loyalty by using impact factors for customer value; ensuring external validity by expanding denotation and applying the findings to other service industries; and undertaking continuous research. This study has limited generalization potential because the target for this survey was located only in the Seoul area.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.85-93
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• 2021

Objectives This study aims to compare the effect of an ultrasound on a guided group and an unguided group on Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy on the facet joint in patients with acute low back pain caused by traffic accidents. Methods 21 patients with acute low back pain caused by traffic accidents from March 1, 2021 to May 31, 2021 were included in this study. The study was conducted as a retrospective study which analyzes the patient's medical records. 11 patients (Group A) received ultrasound guided Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy and 10 patients (Group B) received unguided Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy on the facet joint. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) was used to evaluate improvements in functions and pain, and five point Likert scale to evaluate patient's satisfaction. Results Both groups showed a statistically significant decrease in the VAS and ODI on the 5th day of hospitalization. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Difference in the Likert scale between the groups was not statistically significant either. Conclusions We found that ultrasound guided Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy on the facet joint showed similar efficacy compared with unguided Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy at facet joint on acute low back pain patients caused by traffic accidents.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.609-615
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the professionalism identity and related factors in dental hygienists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 347 dental hyfienists from March 5 to May 31, 2015. Except incomplete 39 answers, data were analyzed by frequency analysis, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 22.0. The questionnaire comprised 25 items including professionalism scale by Hall, Snizek, and Anderson by Likert 5 point scale. Results: Professionalism scale revealed self-regulation($3.65{\pm}0.58$), service conviction($3.64{\pm}0.62$), skills and training($3.21{\pm}0.70$), sense of professional vocation($3.20{\pm}0.65$), and thought about professional group($3.08{\pm}0.78$). The professionalism identity by general characteristics showed significant differences and there were positive correlations in main factors. The identity level was influenced by internal factors rather than economic compensation. Conclusions: There were positive correlation in main factors. The identity level was influenced by internal factors.