• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.175-180
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• 2013

Resveratrol is a phytoalexin found in grapes, red wine, and berries. Resveratrol has been known to have many beneficial health effects, such as anti-cancer, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and life-prolonging effects. However, relatively little is known about the effects of resveratrol on the regulation of ligand-gated ion channels. We have previously reported that resveratrol regulates subsets of homomeric ligand-gated ion channels such as those of 5-$HT_{3A}$ receptors. The ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric $acid_C$($GABA_C$) receptor is mainly expressed in retinal bipolar cells and plays an important role in visual processing. In the present study, we examined the effects of resveratrol on the channel activity of homomeric $GABA_C$ receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes injected with cRNA encoding human $GABA_C$ ${\rho}$ subunits. Our data show that the application of GABA elicits an inward peak current ($I_{GABA}$) in oocytes that express the $GABA_C$ receptor. Resveratrol treatment had no effect on oocytes injected with $H_2O$ or with $GABA_C$ receptor cRNA. Co-treatment with resveratrol and GABA inhibited $I_{GABA}$ in oocytes with $GABA_C$ receptors. The inhibition of $I_{GABA}$ by resveratrol was in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner. The $IC_{50}$ of resveratrol was $28.9{\pm}2.8{\mu}M$ in oocytes expressing $GABA_C$ receptor. The inhibition of $I_{GABA}$ by resveratrol was in voltage-independent and non-competitive manner. These results indicate that resveratrol might regulate $GABA_C$ receptor expression and that this regulation might be one of the pharmacological actions of resveratrol on the nervous system.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.537-550
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• 1998

Purpose ; This Investigation was aimed to find out the Acupuncture therapy of verbal disturbance after stroke in Oriental Medicine. Methods ; We surveyed the oriental medical books which are from to recent published books that have articles about verbal disturbance. Results ; It is used on Acupuncture points: Yomchon(CV23), Amun(GV15), Chondol(CV22), Tongni(HT5), Pungnyung(ST40), Pungbu(GV16), Crugu(TE6), Yongchon(KI1), Hapkok(LI4), Paekoe(GV20), Kokchi(LI11), Puryu(KI7), Shinsu(BL23), Kumjin-okaek, Chohae(KI6). Conclusions ; The concept of phonation organ in Neiching is same as that of modern physiology. Verbal disturbance includes aphasia, dysarthrosis, aphonia, etc. The acupuncture treatment of verbal disturbance after stroke could be effective. Verbal disturbance of central nervous disease is relative with Sul-um(舌?) and that of periperal nervous disease is relative with Hu-um(侯?) in oriental medicine. From the above research, we could conclude that the acupuncture therapy on verbal disturbance should start from finding out the proper acu-points and theories in ancient oriental books and recent books and we will apply those acu-points and theories in clinic. We also concluded that the more research on clinical part should be performed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.202-210
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• 2004

Objective: In order to find oriental medical therapies on Parkinson's disease and to make a fundamental basis for clinical application, this study was performed. Methods: We reviewed 35 kinds of the ancient and modern text, and related articles. Results: Parkinson's disease is an extrapyramidal disease characterized by akinesia, tremor at rest, rigidity, and slowness of movement. In old oriental medical text, Parkinson's disease is described as Jinjeon(振顫), Chi, Gyeong (痙), Gyejong, Ryeon(攣) and Pyeongo(偏枯), Tantan, Jungbu(中腑症) of Jungpung(中風). According to the text, major pathological causes were Wind(風), Fire(火), Phlegm(痰), and Blood stasis(瘀血). And Parkinson's disease can be classified into four clinical types as liver & kidney yin-deficiency, qi & blood deficiency, retention of phlegm-heat, and qi-stagnation & blood stasis. Standardized acupuncture points are GV20, GB20, GV14 on head, CV12, ST25 on abdomen, GV26, ST7, GB1, S14, LI20 on face, LI4, LI11, TE5, SI3, HT3, LI15, SI6 on upper extremity, and ST36, GB34, SP6, LR3, KI1, GB30, BL40 on lower extremity. Other methods, such as scalp acupuncture, electro-acupuncture, and herb-acupuncture, can be applied to treat Parkinson's disease. Conclusions: We find out that there are oriental medical concepts related with Parkinson's disease such as Jinjeon(振顫), Chi, Gyeong (痙), Gyejong, Ryeon(攣) and Pyeongo(偏枯), Tantan, Jungbu(中腑症) of Jungpung(中風), of which major causes are Wind(風), Fire(火), Phlegm(痰), and Blood stasis(瘀血). We can also apply many effective acupuncture points and acupuncture therapies according to differential diagnosis, for example, liver & kidney yin-deficiency. qi & blood deficiency, retention of phlegm-heat, and qi-stagnation & blood stasis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.500-505
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• 2010

The antioxidant activity of methanol extracts from five different parts (flesh, peel, core, seed, calyx) of Jangseong Daebong persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. Hachiya) were evaluated by determining total phenol content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), ABTS RSA, and reducing power (RP). The flesh extract gave the highest yield (92.93%) while the lowest yield was obtained from the seed (5.17%). The seed extract showed the highest total phenolic content ($76.47\pm0.009$ mg GAE/g extract), DPPH RSA ($IC_{50}=52.05\pm1.61\;{\mu}g/mL$), ABTS RSA ($IC_{50}=30.94\pm0.41\;{\mu}g/mL$) and RP ($IC_{50}=87.94\pm0.37\;{\mu}g/mL$). In addition, the calyx extract also showed high antioxidant activity. On the other hand, the core extract gave the lowest TPC and all antioxidant assays. In particular, HT-29 cells showed extensive cell death when treated with $500\;{\mu}g/mL$ of calyx extracts. Thus, these results suggest that methanolic extracts of Jangseong Daebong persimmon seed and calyx may serve as a potential source of natural antioxidant for food and nutraceutical application.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.5-11
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• 1997

Recently, the search for the whereabout of the huge Bell Imperial-Dragon-Temple becomes a great issue. If it happens to be found out and ringing at the original location of the Bell in Kyungjoo City, the Bell might be a great national treasure and lasting to the eternity with her beautiful sound. The Bell was so huge that the total weight of the raw material put into crucibles was 497,581 Kun (289 tons), the shoulder weight 10.3 Chuk (3.14 m) and the maximum thickness 9 Chon (27.4 cm). The Bell was erected in 754 in Shilla Dynasty and was assumed to be lost during the war time by the 3rd invasion of Mongolians (1235~8). However, the author found out that the huge Bell was recast into a new small Bell (8.1 ton) in 1103 by the people of Koryu Dynasty and then the new small Bell was hung in the same position as in the original huge Bell. 135 years later, the new small Bell was carried out by Mongolian forces as a spoil of war from Kyungjoo to the Bay Tonghaegoo, through the saddle point of Mountain Toham, Yangbuk and Riber Great Bell. At the bay, Mongolian forces wished to bring back the Bell to Mongolia by a ship, but they dropped the Bell into the sea by accident. So, if this was the case, the bell at the seabed may be the new small bell (7.4 ton) but not the original huge Bell (41.0 ton) For the evaluation of missing data of the two bells, the author sets up two equations relating all the dimensions and their weights, which seems to be a useful guide to the design of bells. The results of the evaluation of the Bells are as follows. The huge Bell The new small Bell Weight 41.0 ton 7.4 ton Shoulder ht. 3.14 m 2.07 m Mouth diameter 2.468 m 1.546 m Max. thickness 27.4 cm (9 Chon) 11.9 cm (3.9 Chon)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.307-312
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• 2005

We investigated the growth inhibitory effects of Atrina pecitinata (AP) on the proliferation in human cancer cell lines in vitro. AP was extracted with methanol which was further fractionated into four different types: methanol (APMM), haxane (APMH), butanol (APMB), and aquous layers (APMA). Among various partition layers, the APMM showed the strongest cytotoxic effects on all cancer cell lines which we used. In the MTT assay of AP fractions, the growth inhibitory effects was increased in proportion to its concentration. We observed quinone reductase (QR) induced effects in all fraction layers of AP on HepG2 cells. The QR induced effects of APMM on HepG2 cell at 80 $\mu$g/mL concentration indicated 2.0 with a control value of 1.0.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.452-457
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• 2002

Galla Rhois is a gallnut of Rhus javanica Linne used for treatment of diarrhea, hemorrhage, cough, leukorrhea and toxic tumor etc in oriental medicine. For the evaluation of antitumor effect of Galla Rhois, activity based fractionation was done. We isolated an effective compound and identified 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(PGG) by photometric analysis such as NMR and MASS. Then, we studied the angiogenic activity of PGG. It showed a cytotoxicity against SK-OV-3, SK-OV-3, HT1080 with IC/sub 50/ of 50 ug/ml approximately. It also effectively inhibited proliferation of HUVEC cells treated by bFGF to 30% of control at 20 ug/ml and cell migration to 80% at 10 ug in a dose dependent fashion. Tube formation of HUVEC cells on matrigel was effectively suppressed from 2.5 ug/ml of concentration by PGG. Moreover, it effectively recovered the dysfunction of gap junctional intercellular communication in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells caused by hydrogen peroxide at 4 ug/ml suggesting it potently can inhibit tumor promotion. Taken together, it indicates 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl- β -D-glucose has antiangiogenic activity.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.246-253
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• 2017

This study was conducted prepare spray-dried powder using pumpkin sweet potato hydrolysates and examine the physicochemical properties of the powder. The insoluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber of the pumpkin sweet potato treated by enzyme were 4.17% and 2.07%, respectively. The spray-dried pumpkin sweet potato hydrolysates was manufactured via spray-drying with different forming agents: i.e., pectin 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2.0%. The moisture contents and total starches of the spray-dried powders were approximately 1.68-2.46 and 45.32-46.51%, respectively. The color of the L and a value decreased, and that of the b and ${\Delta}E$ value increased. The particle size and outer topology of the spray-dried powders were $37.17-42.32{\mu}m$, and its shape was generally globular. The water absorption index of the spray-dried powder (1.74-1.91) was lower than that of the freeze-dried powder (2.15). The water solubility index of the spray-dried powder, 80.75-87.61%, was higher than that of the freeze-dried powder (70.47%). The adhesion values of spray-dried powder to epithelial HT-29 cells were 2.66-6.18% of the initial cell counts, whereas freeze-dried powder showed lower adhesive ability (1.79%). The in vitro human digestibility in the spray-dried powder was 70.09% which is very effective in digestion.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.125-134
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• 2010

Objectives : There has been a need for developing and establishing operational curriculum for the education of acupuncture, but defining the level and step of the acupuncture education in clinical perspectives was not thoroughly recognized so far. Methods : We analysed the usage of acupuncture points in the official textbook to recognize the most frequently used acupoints in clinical medicine. It was found that $ST_{36}$ $LI_4$ $SP_6$ $HT_7$ $LR_3$ $CV_{12}$ $BL_{23}$ $CV_6$ $BL_{20}$ $CV_4$ $LI_{11}$ $PC_6$ $KI_3$ $GB_{20}$ $GV_{20}$ $GB_{34}$ $BL_{18}$ $GV_{14}$ $BL_{17}$ $BL_{40}$ are the most frequently used 20 acupuncture points and GB(足少陽擔經), CV(任脈), ST(足陽明胃經) are the most frequently used meridians. Results : The $ST_{36}$, $GB_{34}$, $LI_{11}$ and GB(足太陽膀胱經) meridian are most frequently used for muskuloskeletal disease, $ST_{36}$, $LI_4$, $LI_{11}$ and GB(足太陽膀胱經) meridian are most frequently used for neuromuskular disease, and $ST_{36}$, $CV_{12}$, $BL_{20}$ and CV(任脈) meridian are most frequently used for the digestive system disorders. Conclusions : This study was the first systematic approach to get essential acupuncture points for the education of clinical perspectives of TKM especially for the acupuncture and moxibustion. We found that the $ST_{36}$, $GB_{34}$, $LI_{11}$ and GB(足太陽膀胱經) are the most frequently used acupuncture point and meridian. This study will be used for the development of TKM clinical curriculum.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.423-435
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• 2018

This investigation was aimed at working out the combined role of lncRNA H19, miR-29b and Wnt signaling in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). In the aggregate, 185 CRC tissues and corresponding para-carcinoma tissues were gathered. The human CRC cell lines (i.e. HT29, HCT116, SW480 and SW620) and normal colorectal mucosa cell line (NCM460) were also purchased. Si-H19, si-NC, miR-29b-3p mimics, miR-29b-3p inhibitor, si-PGRN and negative control (NC) were, respectively, transfected into the CRC cells. Luciferase reporter plasmids were prepared to evaluate the transduction activity of $Wnt/{\beta}-catenin$ signaling pathway, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was arranged to confirm the targeted relationship between H19 and miR-29b-3p, as well as between miR-29b-3p and PGRN. Finally, the proliferative and invasive capacities of CRC cells were appraised through transwell, MTT and scratch assays. As a result, overexpressed H19 and down-expressed miR-29b-3p displayed close associations with the CRC patients' poor prognosis (P < 0.05). Besides, transfection with si-H19, miR-29b-3p mimic or si-PGRN were correlated with elevated E-cadherin expression, decreased snail and vimentin expressions, as well as less-motivated cell proliferation and cell metastasis (P < 0.05). Moreover, H19 was verified to directly target miR-29b-3p based on the luciferase reporter gene assay (P < 0.05), and miR-29b-3p also bound to PGRN in a direct manner (P < 0.05). Finally, addition of LiCl ($Wnt/{\beta}-catenin$ pathway activator) or XAV93920 ($Wnt/{\beta}-catenin$ pathway inhibitor) would cause remarkably altered E-cadherin, c-Myc, vimentin and snail expressions, as well as significantly changed transcriptional activity of ${\beta}-catenin/Tcf$ reporter plasmid (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the lncRNA H19/miR-29b-3p/PGRN/Wnt axis counted a great deal for seeking appropriate diagnostic biomarkers and treatment targets for CRC.