• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.432-443
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• 2018

This study aims to analyze the current career management system for construction engineers and propose the developed future plan for the career management system. Especially, this study explores the Index of Construction Engineer's Competency(ICEC) and issues for workplace competency development which is the foundation of the career management system for construction engineers and proposes the advanced strategies for operating the career management system. For the developing the future strategy of the current construction engineer's career management system, a focus group interview was conducted in this study. Total 12 experts participated in the FGI. The study results identify the six key issues for advanced construction engineers' career management system. Those six issues include 1)preparing in the inducement of new human resources, 2)institutional modification of the current job/expertise fields, 3)attaching importance of practical experience in the workplace, 4)consideration of various factors of individual career, and 5)developing the highest level's workplace competency. Based on these research findings, theoretical and practical implication and suggestion for future studies were provided.

• Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2018

Objectives. Middle vault deviation has a significant effect on the aesthetic and functional aspects of the nose, and its management continues to be a challenge. Spreader graft and its modification techniques have been focused, but there has been scarce consideration for removing surplus portion and balancing the upper lateral cartilage (ULC). This study aimed to report the newly invented triangular-shaped resection technique ("triangular resection") of the ULC and to evaluate its efficacy for correcting middle vault deviation. Methods. A retrospective study included 17 consecutive patients who presented with middle vault deviation and underwent septorhinoplasty by using triangular resection at a tertiary academic hospital from February 2014 and March 2016. Their outcomes were evaluated pre- and postoperatively including medical photographs, acoustic rhinometry and subjective nasal obstruction using a 7-point Likert scale. Results. The immediate outcomes were evaluated around 1 month after surgery, and long-term outcomes were available in 12 patients; the mean follow-up period was 9.1 months. Nasal tip deviation angle was reduced from $5.66^{\circ}$ to $2.37^{\circ}$ immediately (P<0.001). Middle vault deviation also improved from $169.50^{\circ}$ to $177.24^{\circ}$ (P<0.001). Long-term results were $2.49^{\circ}$ (P=0.015) for nasal tip deviation and $178.68^{\circ}$ (P=0.002) for middle vault deviation. The aesthetic outcome involved a complete correction in eight patients (47.1%), a minimally visible deviation in seven patients (41.2%) and a remaining residual deviation in two patients (11.8%). Pre- and postoperative minimal cross-sectional areas (summation of the right and left sides) were 0.86 and 1.07, respectively (P=0.021). Fifteen patients answered about their nasal obstruction symptoms and the median symptom score had alleviated from 6.0 to 3.0 (P=0.004). Conclusion. Triangular resection of the ULC is a simple and effective method for correcting middle vault deviation and balancing the ULCs without complications as internal nasal valve narrowing.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.91-97
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• 2021

By introducing an organic interlayer on the Parylene C dielectric surface, the electrical device performances and the operating stabilities of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) were improved. To achieve this goal, hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS), as the organic interlayer materials, were used to control the surface energy of the Parylene C dielectrics. For the bare case used with the pristine Parylene C dielectrics, the field-effect mobility (μ_FET) and threshold voltage (V_th) of dinaphtho[2,3-b:2',3'-f ]thieno[3,2-b]- thiophene (DNTT) FET devices were measured at 0.12 cm²V^-1s^-1 and - 5.23 V, respectively. On the other hand, the OFET devices with HMDS- and ODTS-modified cases showed the improved μ_FET values of 0.32 and 0.34 cm²V^-1s^-1, respectively. More important point is that the μ_FET and V_th of the DNTT FET device with the ODTS-modified Parylene C dielectric presented the smallest changes during a repeated measurement of 1000 times, implying that it has the most stable operating stability. The results could be meaned that the organic interlayer, especially ODTS, effectively covers the Parylene C dielectric surface with alkyl chains and reduces the charge trapping at the interface region between active layer and dielectric, thereby improving the electrical operating stability.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.289-299
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• 2020

In this study, the definition, the level of difficulty, and the certainty of the understanding of 113 astronomy terminologies from 2009 revised middle school geoscience textbooks were examined. And through further interviews, the types of students' misconceptions about astronomy terminologies and their representative terms - examples of misconceptions were analyzed. The definitions of the terms presented by the students were largely classified as correct, low-level, and incorrect understanding. And low-level understanding was subdivided into high-level definition descriptions, undifferentiated concepts, and incorrect answers were subdivided into interference by scientific misconception and lack of prior knowledge. Given that the misconceptions due to terminologies can be distinguished from the prior misconception, the misconceptions due to terminologies can be effectively prevented by changing the term itself. In addition, students were aware of the advantages and disadvantages of metaphorical terms, and the recognition of their level of understanding is expected to be a good starting point considering that recognizing their own misconceptions is the first step in correcting them. Terminologies in science education is always an important subject of discussions, striving to select the right term according to the times, and scientific terms may change. It is expected that the results of this study will be the basis for discussions on the modification of terms.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

Objectives This study is to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Gastrodia elata extract (GEE) on the high-fat diet-induced obesity model. Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n=10). Control group was fed normal diet (ND). Obesity group was fed 60% high fat diet (HFD). The other three groups were fed HFD with 100, 200, 500 mg/kg GEE. After five weeks, body weight, liver and epididymal fat weight, triglyceride concentration in liver and serum, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 𝛾 (PPAR-𝛾), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein 𝛼 (C/EBP-𝛼) expression level, insulin concentration in serum were measured. Results The GEE (100, 200, and 500 mg/kg)-treated animals exhibited substantial decreases in body mass, liver weight and epididymal white adipose tissue collate to the HFD-fed group. GEE treatment also reduced hepatic and serum triglyceride level. Furthermore, GEE treatment significantly inhibited adipogenesis in the GEE group by reducing the protein expression of SREBP-1, ACC and the messenger RNA expression of PPAR𝛾, C/EBP-𝛼, which are adipocyte differentiation-related genes. Conclusions These research outcomes recommend that GEE is possibly valuable for the prevention of HFD-induced obesity via modification of various pathways related with adipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.122-138
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was conducted to develop a Korean Medicine(KM) Clinical Practice Guidelines(CPG) of female infertility. We conducted this questionnaire survey to reflect the experiences of Korean Medicine doctors(KMD) and clinical field in Korea. Method: We sent a questionnaire survey to KMD belonging to the Association of Korean Medicine by e-mail. We received 665 responds, and analyzed the answers. Results: 51.2% of respondents knew the previously developed CPG of female infertility, and 18.3% actually used. 83.3% agreed about the necessity of CPG of female infertility, and 80.3% had practical use plan. 90.2% of respondents treated less than 5 infertility woman for a month. 22.7% of respondents treated 50% of patients with collaborative treatment of KM and Western medical treatments. The main age group of patients was '35~40 years'(54.7%), and the most common cause was unexplained infertility(61.7%). The most common pattern identification of female infertility patients was Kidney deficiency(55.4%). KMD used 'a combination of decoction of herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion treatment' the most(43%), and 'a decoction of herbal medicine treatment alone' was next(35%). 84.2% conducted lifestyle modification education about diet, stress, exercise etc. Conclusion: We figured out Korean Medicine doctors' recognition about CPG of female infertility, preference of treatments, and also characteristics of patients visiting Korean Medical clinics to make a practical CPG reflecting clinical situation.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.369-379
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to improve an university tutoring program qualitatively, evaluating and analyzing the case of tutoring program that students attended in order to strengthen their learning competences through CIPP(Context-Input-Process-Product). To do this, a tutoring survey with satisfaction survey was carried out for 90 students who participated in the final reporting meeting among those who joined the tutoring program at the second semester of 2016 year at the B university. In addition, a tutor interim checking workshop was held for the 49 tutors and qualitative analyses were carried out on the reflection papers submitted by students who were involved in the tutoring program. Tutoring program assessments were carried out in terms of several steps and their view points. They were the necessity of tutoring program for the context evaluation, the appropriacy of human-material resources and program planning for the input evaluation, the teaching and learning activity for the process evaluation and the influence, effectiveness, sustainability, transferability for the product evaluation. Survey results showed that the average scores were presented 4.05 for the context evaluation, 3.88 for the input evaluation, 4.08 for the process evaluation and 3.92 for the product evaluation respectively. Similar analysis results were represented from the tutor workshops and the reflection paper analysis results. Learners were satisfied with all the evaluation items, scoring more than the average level. However, it was necessary for the evaluation items that were rated low range to improve the program through detail modification plans.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.727-737
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• 2015

The study investigated the relationship between vitamin D status and lifestyle risk factors in office workers. A total of 515 office workers(336 men and 179 women) aged 30 years or older were voluntarily recruited from S-city. Along with serum vitamin D levels, lifestyle risk factors including obesity index, physical fitness, metabolic risk factors, lipids profile and sedentary behavior were measured using standardized protocols. Subjects were classified as deficiency (<20ng/mL), insufficiency (20-29ng/mL), and sufficiency (≥30ng/mL) based on serum vitamin D levels. Linear contrast analysis using one-way ANOVA showed significant linear decreases in mean body fat (p=.030) and sedentary behavior (p<.001) and significant linear increases in skeletal muscle (p=.037), cardiorespiratory fitness (p<.001) and HDL-C (p=.013) across incremental serum vitamin D levels. Compared with the low cardiorespiratory fitness group, the high cardiorespiratory fitness group had a significantly higher odds ratio (men OR=2.144, p=.042, women OR=1.971, p=.045) for having vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency even adjustment after age. Compared to the shortest sitting time group, the longest sitting time group had a significantly higher odds-ratio in a group of female office workers (OR=1.262, p=.043) for having vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency even adjustment after age. The current findings of the study showed that poor physical fitness and sedentary behavior were the risk factors of low serum vitamin D levels, implying the urgent need for a healthy lifestyle modification along with vitamin D supplementation.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.143-156
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• 2023

To precisely and reliably analyze the contents of the satellite imagery, recognizing the clouds which are the obstacle to gathering the useful information is essential. In recent times, deep learning yielded satisfactory results in various tasks, so many studies using deep neural networks have been conducted to improve the performance of cloud detection. However, existing methods for cloud detection have the limitation on increasing the performance due to the adopting the network models for semantic image segmentation without modification. To tackle this problem, we introduced the multi-branch neural architecture search to find optimal network structure for cloud detection. Additionally, the proposed method adopts the soft intersection over union (IoU) as loss function to mitigate the disagreement between the loss function and the evaluation metric and uses the various data augmentation methods. The experiments are conducted using the cloud detection dataset acquired by Arirang-3/3A satellite imagery. The experimental results showed that the proposed network which are searched network architecture using cloud dataset is 4% higher than the existing network model which are searched network structure using urban street scenes with regard to the IoU. Also, the experimental results showed that the soft IoU exhibits the best performance on cloud detection among the various loss functions. When comparing the proposed method with the state-of-the-art (SOTA) models in the field of semantic segmentation, the proposed method showed better performance than the SOTA models with regard to the mean IoU and overall accuracy.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.944-949
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify conserved metabolic pathways and conserved genes in 122 archaeal species. Using the Clusters of Orthologous Groups of Proteins (COG) database of conserved genes, we analyzed whether 122 species had 63 COG metabolic pathways, the 822 COGs that compose them, and a total of 4,877 COGs. Archaeal ribosomal proteins were the most conserved in metabolic pathways. 46 COGs in seven COG pathways among 63 COG pathways and 20 COGs in others were conserved in 122 species. Some genes involved in cell wall and extracellular matrix synthesis, replication, transcription, translation, and protein metabolism were common to all 122 species. When the distance value of the phylogenetic tree was analyzed at the phylum level or class level, the average was the lowest at the class Halobacteria of the phylum Euryarchaeota. Standard deviation was high for the class Nitosospharia of the phylum Thaumarchaeota, the unclassified members of phylum Thaumarchaeota, the class Halobacteria of the phylum Euryarchaeota, the class Thermoprotei of the phylum Crenarchaeota, and other archaea. Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree analysis revealed six commonalities. The results of this study, along with data on conserved genes, could be used for drug development and gene selection for strain improvement.