• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1997

construct containing reporter gene(pFV4CAT) regulated by carp $\beta$-actin promoter was microinjected into the one-cell stage egg of mud loach (Misgurnus mizolepis), and was successfully expressed, possibly by the integration into the genome. Both mean hatching success and early survival of the microinjected groups were not significantly different with those of control groups (P>0.05). The incidence of transgene was ranged from 7 to 48% based on the PCR and/or Southern blot analyses with the DNA prepared from fin or blood tissue. The spatial and temporal patterns of expression of the pFV4CAT gene, measured by in situ immunohistochemical analysis peroxidase-conjugated anti-CAT antibody, were variable among the experimental individuals. These results suggest that carp $\beta$-actin promoter is effective to express other transgene in mud loach, such that this promoter can be useful in the generation of valuable transgenic mud loach.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.59-73
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• 2017

Numerical analysis using 3D finite element program (PLAXIS 3D) evaluated the interaction of soil - pile structure under dynamic surface loading. The dynamic p-y curve of the 1-g shaking table experiment by numerical analysis was calculated, and the parametric studies were presented by considering the pile-soil condition, the pile tip condition, and the loading condition. The frequency of 1.4 Hz is almost equal to the natural frequency of the pile - soil system. The p and y values of resonance phenomenon are significantly different from the results of other frequencies. The results can be summarized by a third order polynomial function representing the trend line in the p-y curve. In the case of a single pile, the shape of the dominant curve was found to be an ellipse by mathematical proof. The elliptic equation can be used for the dynamic design or analysis of soil-pile system.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2001

The purpose of the study was to examine a method most pertinent to measure subglottic air pressure. Subglottic air pressure and loudness analyses were performed on vowels /a/, /i/ and consonant /p/ in 12 normal subjects using. Aerophone II voice function. The experimental contexts were, therefore, /i:pi:pi:/ and /a:pa:pa:/. The subjects produced the intervocalic /p/ in 4 different situations: 1) /i:pi:pi:/ with voiceless /p/, 2) /i:pi:pi:/ with voiced /p/, 3) /a:pa:pa:/ with voiceless /p/, and 4) /a:pa:pa:/ with voiced /p/. A t-test and a correlation analysis revealed the following results. First, when we measured subglottic air pressure by /i:pi:pi:/, voiceless /p/ was significantly different from voiced /p/. Second, when we measured subglottic air pressure by /a:pa:pa:/, voiceless /p/ was significantly different from voiced /p/. Therefore, it was concluded that voiceless /p/ produced more accurate subglottic air pressure and clinicians needed to have patients produce accurate /p/ when measuring subglottic air pressure using Aerophone II.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7656-7666
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore the determinants of subjective happiness among Korean adolescents and to supply basic data for enhancing to subjective happiness among Korean adolescents. This study used the 2014 Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior On-lin Survey data. It conducted a secondary data analysis of 72,060 cases. It conducted frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis by SPSS 18.0. Although various independent variables influenced on emotional support(t=44.335, p<,001), gender(t=27.730, p<.001), grade(t=25.347, p<.001), economic status(t=-25.345, p<.001), living arrangement(t=-6.158, p<.001), school record(t=-7.512, p<.001), father's educational status(t=-2.378, p<.001), subjective health status(t=46.062, p<.001), depression(t=-23.837, p<.001), sleep(t=19.871, p<.001), level of stress(t=-78.685, p<.001), alcohol(t=-13.481, p<.001) and drug use(t=-2.671, p<.01), smoking(t=-11.988, p<.001), breakfast(t=4.443, p<.001), activity(t=4.757, p<.001) were key factors of subjective happiness among Korean adolescents. The findings of this study were as follow: male middle students, who had emotional support, higher economic status, school record and father's educational level, living with family showed higher levels of subjective happiness. It also having good subjective health status, not depressed, more sufficient sleep, lower stress, no experience of drinking, smoking and drugs, more physical activity and having breakfast showed higher levels of subjective happiness.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.357-365
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• 2012

This study was conducted to develop a construct model regarding the daily activities, emotional security provided by food, enjoyment of food, level of satisfaction with delivered food, and the quality of life of homebound seniors who benefitted from meal delivery programs. The data were analyzed by SAS 9.2 and the Structural Equation Model (SEM), which was created by Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) 5.0 packages. The reliability of the data was confirmed by an exploratory factor analysis and through a Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and the measurement model proved to be appropriate by a confirmatory factor analysis of the measurement model in conjunction with AMOS. The results of the correlations between all the variables showed significant positive correlations (P < 0.05). The path analysis demonstrated that the daily activities (P < 0.01) and the emotional security created by food (P < 0.05) had positive correlations with the foodservice satisfaction (P < 0.05), while the daily activities (P < 0.05), the sense of emotional security made by food (P < 0.05), and food enjoyment (P < 0.05) also presented significant positive correlations with the quality of life. However, the food service satisfaction was shown to directly, but not significantly, affect the quality of life. This revealed that the current meal delivery programs needed to be improved in several directions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.897-902
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• 2015

PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue), as a tumor suppressor gene, plays a significant role in regulating cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Results from published studies for association between the PTEN IVS4 I/D (rs3830675) polymorphism and cancer risk are inconsistent and inconclusive. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the potential association between PTEN IVS4 I/D polymorphism and risk of cancer in detail. We searched PubMed (Medline) and EMBASE web databases to cover all relevant studies published until December 2013. The meta-analysis was carried out and pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were used to appraise the strength of association. A total of 1,993 confirmed cancer cases and 3,200 controls were included from six eligible case-control studies. Results from overall pooled analysis suggested a significant effect of the PTEN IVS4 I/D polymorphism and cancer risk in all genetic models, i.e., allele (I vs D: OR=0.743, 95%CI=0.648 to 0.852, p=0.001), homozygous (II vs DD: OR=0.673, 95%CI=0.555 to 0.816, p=0.001), heterozygous (ID vs DD: OR=0.641, 95%CI=0.489 to 0.840, p=0.001), dominant (II+ID vs DD: OR=0.626, 95%CI=0.489 to 0.802, p=0.001) and recessive (II vs DD+ID: OR=0.749, 95%CI=0.631 to 0.889, p=0.001). Significant publication bias was detected during the analysis. The present meta-analysis suggests that the PTEN IVS4 I/D polymorphism is significantly associated with reduced risk of cancer. However, future larger studies with other groups of populations are warranted to clarify this association.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.3785-3791
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• 2016

Background: Previous studies have assessed the association between the Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Antigen-4(CTLA-4) polymorphism with the risk of malignant bone tumor, but the conclusions were inconsistent. We aimed to clarify association of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 polymorphisms with malignant bone tumors risk by performing a meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: The databases including PubMed, EMBase databases and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify the eligible studies prior to January 30 2016. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were used to estimate the strengths of the association between the CTLA-4 polymorphism and the malignant bone tumor risks. The meta-analysis was performed by STATA 12.0. Results: Four individual studies with a total of 1003 cases with malignant bone tumor and 1162 controls were included in our meta-analysis. The results of meta-analysis on those data demonstrated that CTLA-4 +49G>A polymorphism was associated with the risk of Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcoma strongly (A vs. G: OR=1.36, 95%CI:1.20-1.54, p=0.000; AA+AG vs. GG: OR=1.35, 95%CI:1.14-1.61, p=0.001; AA vs. GG: OR=2.24, 95%CI:1.67-2.99, p=0.000; AA vs. AG+GG: OR=2.00, 95%CI:1.53-2.62, p=0.000), but CTLA-4 -318C/T polymorphism was not associated with the risk of malignant bone tumor (C vs. T: OR=0.76, 95%CI:0.76-1.08, p= 0.262; CC+CT vs. TT: OR=0.70, 95%CI:0.41-1.20, p= 0.198; CC vs. TT: OR=0.69, 95%CI:0.40-1.19, p= 0.183; CC vs. CT+TT: OR=0.92, 95%CI:0.75-1.13, p= 0.419). Subgroup analysis showed that there are significantly positive correlations between CTLA-4 +49G>A polymorphism and increased risks of malignant bone tumors in large size of sample (A vs. G: OR=1.347, 95%CI: 1.172,1.548, p=0.000; AA vs. GG: OR=2.228, 95%CI: 1.608,3.085, p=0.000), Ewing's Sarcoma or Osteosarcoma (A vs. G: OR=1.361, 95%CI: 1.201,1.540, p=0.000; AA vs. GG: OR=2.236, 95%CI: 1.674,2.986, p=0.000), and PCR-RFLP or Sequencing(A vs. G: OR=1.361, 95%CI: 1.201,1.540, p=0.000; AA vs. GG: OR=2.236, 95%CI: 1.674,2.986, p=0.000), but CTLA-4 -318C/T polymorphism was not associated with the risk of malignant bone tumors in diagnosis, genotype method, and sample size (all p>0.05). Conclusions: CTLA-4 +49A/G variant was associated with an increased risk of developing the malignant bone tumors, such as Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcoma. However, it failed to show the association between CTLA-4 -318C/T polymorphism and the risk of malignant bone tumors. Future large-scale studies remain to be done to confirm our conclusions.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.506-515
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to compare the rate of in vitro demineralization of bovine permanent (BP), human deciduous (HD) and human permanent (HP) enamel. Twenty aye flattened and polished enamel samples for each group (BP, HD, HP) were immersed in a demineralizing solution (0.1 mol/L lactic acid, 0.2% Carbopol 907, and 50% saturated hydroxyapatite) for 1, 2, 4 or 8 days. All 25 samples from each group were subjected to Quantitative light induced fluorescence analysis (QLF) and 5 samples from each group were randomly selected for Transverse Microradiography analysis (TMR). Integrated mineral loss (IML) and lesion depth (LD) were determined by TMR. The fluorescence radiance (FR) of sound enamel $(FR_S)$, demineralized enamel $(FR_D)$ were determined by QLF and FR ratio $(FR_D/FR_S)$ was calculated. Bovine enamel samples showed significant correlation between FR ratio and lesion depth(p<0.05) and deciduous enamel samples does not showed significant correlation between FR ratio and lesion depth(p>0.05). Permanent enamel samples showed significant correlation between FR ratio and lesion depth(p<0.05) The constant of demineralization time between FR ratio from regression analysis were as follows: bovine enamel was -4.643(p<0.05) deciduous enamel was -5.421(p<0.05) and permanent enamel was -4.435(p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1101-1113
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the effects of parenting programs for children with disabilities through meta-regression analysis of experimental studies published in Korea. Twenty-two studies with a randomized or non-randomized control group prepost test design were included in the analysis. Parenting programs had a significant effect on parenting stress (ES= -1.08, p <.001, $I^2=67.4%$), parenting ecacy (ES=0.72, p <.001, $I^2=58.0%$) and self-esteem (ES=0.58, p =.016, $I^2=0$). The meta-regression analysis showed that research designs and therapy providers had different effects on dependent variables. Results support that parenting programs are helpful for parents of children with disabilities in reducing parenting stress and improving parenting efficacy, and self-esteem.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2006

To study the packaging mechanism of the bacteriophage P2-P4 system which is a useful experimental tool for the study of viral capsid assembly, we analyzed the DNA contents of P4 sid- mutant, P4 ash8 sid71's phage particles. Two kind of particles having different density were separated by the CsCl buoyant equilibrium density gradient experiment with fresh made stock of P4 ash8 sid71. The DNA from each particles was prepared and its conformations was analyzed by electrophoresis. Unexpectedly, both particles contain not only dimeric and trimeric but also monomeric P4 DNA.