• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.805-812
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• 2010

DNA damage including base modifications, loss of base and breaks in DNA strands can occur by exposure to irradiation, smoking and several components of food. Unrepaired DNA damage is known to lead to cellular dysfunction, cell death, cancer, and other diseases such as arteriosclerosis and diabetes. The protective effect of garlic on oxidative stress induced DNA damage has been reported recently. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of garlic extracts prepared by different processing methods (raw garlic extracts, RGE; grilled garlic extracts, GGE; pickled garlic extracts, PGE) on leukocytic DNA damage using comet assay. Human leukocytes were incubated with ethanol and methanol extract of garlic at various concentrations (1, 5, 10, 50 ${\mu}g$/mL), followed by oxidative stimuli (200 ${\mu}M$ $H_2O_2$ or 200 ${\mu}M$ 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE)). The methanol and ethanol extracts of RGE, GGE, and PGE showed inhibitory activities of DNA damage induced by $H_2O_2$ or HNE. Especially methanol extract of RGE ($ED_{50}$; 13.3 ${\mu}g$/mL) had a higher antigenotoxic effect on $H_2O_2$ induced DNA damage than those of GGE (23.5 ${\mu}g$/mL) or PGE (24.5 ${\mu}g$/mL). HNE induced DNA damage tended to be effectively inhibited by the lower concentration of all garlic extracts. Therefore, garlic might have protective effects against oxidative DNA damage regardless of processing methods (raw, grilled, pickled) which are the general consumed forms of garlic in Korea.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.374-378
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• 2015

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol supplementation on oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation induced by strenuous exercise in rats. The rats were randomly divided into five groups: a sedentary control group, an exercise control group, and three treatment exercise groups administered increasing doses of resveratrol (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight). Resveratrol was administered by oral gavage once daily for four weeks. At the end of the four-week period, the rats performed a strenuous exercise on the treadmill, and the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured. The results showed that resveratrol supplementation had protective effects against strenuous exercise-induced oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation by lowering the levels of LDH, CK, MDA, 4-HNE, and 8-OHdG in the serum or muscle of rats. These beneficial effects are probably owing to the inherent antioxidant activities of resveratrol.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.465-473
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• 2011

Dietary fatty acids are under intense research to identify anti-atherogenic mechanisms, so we investigated green tea powder (GT) as a protector against atherogenesis originating from lipid peroxidation such as 4-hydroxynonemal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in different dietary fatty acid-treated apo E KO mice. Growth rate and dietary efficiency were lower in apo E KO mice with or without LA compared to wild type. Plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triacylglycerol (TG) did not correspond to values in other tissues, but TG in heart tissue decreased significantly by GT after linoleic acid (LA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was administered. LA induced apoptosis as evidenced by changes in aorta morphology and immunohistochemistry. Lipid peroxides (LPO) was increased in apo E KO mice with or without LA corresponding to the accumulation of 4-HNE or MDA in the proximal aorta above the atria. GT consumption tended to reduce the primary causal mechanism of atherogenic phenomena such as oxidizability in both LA and DHA treated atherogenic mice. A high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) diet involved the changes on stress-induced apoptotic signaling by increasing caspase 3, cytochrome c, and nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ in the heart tissue, but decreasing the bcl-2 protein. However, GT remarkably reduced the expression of apoptotic signaling, in contrast to the PUFA diet. Therefore, the potential of GT as an anti-atherosclerotic dietary antioxidant was tested in this study.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2003

Cytosolic oxidation by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) results in cell death of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). In this study, we have investigated the roles of antioxidants such as 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxy benzyl methyl ether (TDB) and phloroglucinol in preventing cell death. After treatment with oxidants for 6h, cells became compact and showed nuclear condensation, which were characteristics of early apoptosis. After l2h treatment, morphologic features including severe cytoplasm condensation, membrane blebbing, and apoptotic bodies were prominent and these findings were interpreted as characteristics of late-apoptosis. When the apoptotic cells were treated with antioxidants for 12h, both early and late apoptotic cells did show no significant change. After oxidant treated cells were incubated with antioxidant for 24h, the characteristics of early-apoptosis were eliminated but cells in lateapoptosis could not return to normal cells. These results suggest that TDB and phloroglucinol prevent the cells from dying through apoptosis induced by 4HNE and t-BHP in early stage.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.281-285
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• 2015

Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) represents a good therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases as well as invasion of microorganism. The methanol extract of a aerial part of Chelidonium majus L. showed high activity against the neutrophil elastase with an $IC_{50}$ value of $100{\mu}g/mL$. Due to its potency, subsequent bioactivity-guided fractionation of methanol extract led to six alkaloids (1-6), which were identified as dihydrosanguinarine (1), (s)-stylopine (2), arnottianamide (3), (+)-chelidonine (4), spallidamine (5), and N-trans-feruloyltyramine (6). Among of them, three alkaloids (2, 5, and 6) inhibited HNE in a dose-dependent manner with $IC_{50}$ ranging between 11.6 and $51.0{\mu}M$. Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots, and their secondary replots showed that alkaloids (2, 5, and 6) were mixed inhibitors of HNE. The analysis of $K_I$ and $K_{IS}$ value proved that all inhibitors (2, 5, and 6) had reversible mixed type I mechanism.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.905-910
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• 2002

4-Hydroxyalkenals are cytotoxic aldehydes generated by the oxidation of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. To evaluate the potential risk of 4-hydroxyalkenals on Koreans, quantitative data of various oils are necessary. Simultaneous monitoring of 4-hydroxyhexenal and 4-hydroxynoneal in 39 samples including new and used ones through single ion monitoring mode of GC/MS detected both aldehydes in all samples tested, ranging from 0.21 to 26.9 nmol/g for 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal and 0.06 to 56.6 nmol/g for 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Frying oils collected from local markets showed 2.28-7.90 and 8.31-30.5 nmol/g of 4-hydroxyhexenal and 4-hydroxynoneal, respectively. National health and nutrition survey data were employed to determine the exposure effect to these 4-hydroxyalkenals from the four most consumed oils in Korea. Daily exposures to hydroxyalkenals excluding possible exposure from fried food were $1.9\;{\mu}g$ from soybean oil, $0.5\;{\mu}g$ from sesame oil, $0.2\;{\mu}g$ from corn oil, and $0.1\;{\mu}g$ from perilla oil. Due to the increasing consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids in Korea, these data may provide valuable information for evaluating possible physiological effects of 4-hydroxyalkenals from vegetable oils.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.163-186
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• 2000

We have previously screened 150 medicinal plants on the inhibition of elastase and found a significant inhibitory effects of the extracts of Areca catechu L. on the aging and inflammation against the skin tissues. To isolate and identify the compounds having biological activity, we was further purified by each of the solvent fractions, silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC and reversed-Phase HPLC. Peak in HPLC, which coincided with the inhibitory activity against elastase, was identified as Phenolic substance using various colorimetric methods, UV, and IR. $IC_{50}$/ values of phenolic substance purified from Areca catechu were 26.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ for porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and 60.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ for human neutrophil elastase (HNE). This Phenolic substance showed more potent activity than those of reference compounds, oleanolic acid (76.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ for PPE, 219.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ for HNE) and ursolic acid (31.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ for PPE, 118.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ for HNE). According to the Lineweaver-Burk Plots, the inhibition against both PPE and HNE by this phenolic substance was competitive with substrate. Phenolic substance from Areca catechu exhibited high free radical scavenging effect ($SC_{50}$/ : 6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$) and inhibited effectively hyaluronidase activity ($IC_{50}$/: 210 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$). These results suggest that the Phenolic substance Purified from Areca catechu showed anti-aging effect by protecting connective tissue proteins.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1139-1141
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• 2009

Clitocybin D, a novel human neutrophil elastase inhibitor, was isolated from the culture broth of Clitocybe aurantiaca. This compound was purified by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and preparative HPLC. The compound was determined to be 4-(4,6-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-3H-isoindol-1-yl)-benzoic acid on the basis of 1D and 2D NMRs and MS spectroscopic analysis. Analysis of the human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitory activity of the isolated compound revealed that it showed significant HNE inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of $17.8{\mu}M$.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.56-64
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Gardeniae Fuctus(GF) on the metabolic process of antioxidant and anti-inflammation. Methods : 4-HNE was injected into PC-12 cell to cause oxidative stress-induced inflammatory response, and then a western blot was conducted to observe the expression of Nuclear Factor-kB (NF-kB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) protein that are important factors involved with inflammation. Results : 1. The Gardeniae Fuctus water extract 50 ㎍ and 100 ㎍ significantly suppressed the increase in JNK protein expression in PC-12 cell. 2. The Gardeniae Fuctus water extract 50 ㎍, 100 ㎍ and 200 ㎍ significantly suppressed the increase in NF-kB protein expression in PC-12 cell. Conclusion : These results suggest that the Gardeniae Fuctus water extract has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity through suppressing the activity of JNK and NF-kB.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1189-1191
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• 2010

In an ongoing investigation of compounds from natural products that exhibit anti-aging properties, hydroxyhibiscone A (1), a new furanosesquiterpenoid, together with hibiscone D (2), was isolated from the root bark of Hibiscus syriacus. Utilizing UV, IR, NMR, and MS spectroscopic analyses, these chemical structures were revealed. Compounds 1 and 2 were found to posses significant anti-aging properties on the human neutrophil elastase (HNE) assay, exhibiting HNE inhibitory activities with $IC_{50}$ values of 5.2 and 4.6 ${\mu}M$, respectively.