• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.219-222
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• 2006

In this paper an intrusion detection system technique of wireless Ad Hoc network is explained and the advantage of making them work in IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee wireless standard is also discussed. The methodology that is mentioned here is intrusion detection architecture based on a local intrusion database [1]. An ad hoc network is a collection of nodes that is connected through a wireless medium forming rapidly changing topologies. Due to increased connectivity (especially on the Internet), and the vast spectrum of financial possibilities that are opening up, more and more systems are subject to attack by intruders. An ideal IDS should able to detect an anomaly caused by the intruders quickly so that the misbehaving node/nodes can be identified and appropriate actions (e.g. punish or avoid misbehaving nodes) can be taken so that further damage to the network is minimized

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.265-275
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• 2009

G Protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediating wide ranges of physiological responses is one of the most attractive targets for drug development. Rhodopsin, a dim-light photoreceptor, has been extensively used as a model system for structural and functional study of GPCRs. Fish have rhodopsin finely-tuned to their habitats where the intensity and the wavelength of lights are changed depending on its water-depth. To study the detailed molecular characteristics of GPCR architecture and to understand the fishery light-sensing system, genes encoding rod opsins were isolated from fishes living under different photic environments. Full-length rod opsin genes were obtained by combination of PCR amplification and DNA walking strategy of genomic DNA isolated from olive flounder, P. olivaceus, Japanese eel, A. japonica, and Common carp C. carpio. Deduced amino acid sequences showed a typical feature of rod opsins including the sites for Schiffs base formation (Lys296) and its counter ion (Glu113), disulfide formation (Cys110 and Cys187), and palmitoylation (Cys322 and Cys323) although Cys322 is replaced by Phe in Japanese eel. Comparison of opsins by amino acid sequence alignment indicated the closest similarity between P. olivaceus and H. hippoglossus (94%), A. japonica and A. anguilla (98%), and C. carpio and C. auratus (95%), respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.771-775
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• 2005

The purpose of this research was to investigate applicative possibility of field. Pilot-scale experiments were conducted, at outdoor temperature, HRT l0hour, IR(Internal Recycle) $150\%$ and used $2.8m^3$ Reactor. External carbon source was varied 80 to 120 mg/L. When External carbon source and Alkalinity were injected to the B3 pilot plant, the removal efficiencies of COD and BOD were not decreased. Nitrification rate were 5.95, 5.40, 4.08 $mgNH_4^+-N/gSS/d$ during operation periods and denitrification rate was $3.l2mgNO_3^--N/gSS/d.$ When we surveyed the relationship between loading rate of nitrogen and nitrogen removal quantity, this data was 0.949, B3 process will be possible application process of field.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.445-455
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• 2021

Lake Van Basin, located in Eastern Turkey, is worth examining in terms of seismicity due to large-scale losses of property and life during the historical and instrumental period. The most important and largest province in this basin is Van. Recent indicators of the high seismicity risk in the province are damage occurring after devastating earthquakes in 2011 (Mw=7.2 and Mw=5.6) and lastly in 2020 Khoy (Mw=5.9). The seismic hazard analysis for Van and its districts in Eastern Turkey was performed in probabilistic manner. Analyses were made for thirteen different districts in Van. In this study, information is given about the tectonic setting and seismicity of Van. The probabilistic seismic hazard curves were obtained for a probability of exceedance of 2%, 10% and 50% in 50-year periods. The PGA values in the Van province vary from 0.24 g - 0.43 g for earthquakes with repetition period of 475 years. Risk priorities were determined for all districts. The highest risk was calculated for Çaldıran and the lowest risk was found for Gürpınar. Risk priorities for buildings in all districts were also determined via rapid seismic assessment for reinforced-concrete and masonry buildings in this study.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.91-118
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• 2019

Every year, many people are severely injured or lose their lives in accidents such as fire, chemical spill, public pandemonium, school shooting, and workplace violence. Research indicates that the fate of people in an emergency situation involving one or more hazards depends not only on the design of the space (e.g., residential building, industrial facility, shopping mall, sports stadium, school, concert hall) in which the incident occurs, but also on a host of other factors including but not limited to (a) occupants' characteristics, (b) level of familiarity with and cognition of the surroundings, and (c) effectiveness of hazard intervention systems. In this paper, we present EVAQ, a simulation framework for modeling large crowd evacuation by taking into account occupants' behaviors and interactions during an emergency. In particular, human's personal (i.e., age, gender, disability) and interpersonal (i.e., group behavior and interactions) attributes are parameterized in a hazard-impacted environment. In addition, different hazard types (e.g., fire, lone wolf attacker) and propagation patterns, as well as intervention schemes (simulating building repellent systems, firefighters, law enforcement) are modeled. Next, the application of EVAQ to crowd egress planning in an airport terminal under human attack, and a shopping mall in fire emergency are presented and results are discussed. Finally, a validation test is performed using real world data from a past building fire incident to assess the reliability and integrity of EVAQ in comparison with existing evacuation modeling tools.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2019

BEMS(Building Energy Management Systems) have been applied to office buildings and collect relevant building energy data, e.g. temperatures, mass flow rates and energy consumptions of building mechanical systems and indoor spaces. The aforementioned measured data can be beneficially utilized for developing data-driven machine learning models which can be then used as part of MPC(Model Predictive Control) and/or optimal control strategies. In this study, the authors developed ANN(Artificial Neural Network) models of an AHU (Air Handling Unit) and a chiller for a real-life office building using BEMS data. Based on the ANN models, the authors developed optimal control strategies, e.g. daily operation schedule with regard to optimal start and stop of the AHU and the chiller (500 RT). It was found that due to the optimal start and stop of the AHU and the chiller, 4.5% and 16.4% of operation hours of the AHU and the chiller could be saved, compared to an existing operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.97-107
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• 2015

Research was initiated to investigate a vegetation characteristics of the species of ground cover plants mixed with herbeceous and woody plants on a cut slope. 4 different ground cover plants (Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Festuca arundinacea and Zoysia japonica) were seeded at the same rate of $10.0g/m^2$ with herbaceous plants (Lotus corniculatus var. japonicus, Dianthus sinensis, Aster yomena, Chrysanthemum zawadskii and Coreopsis drummondii L) at the total seeding rate of $7.5g/m^2$ and native woody plants (Lespedeza bicolor Turcz, Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria and Albizzia julibrissin) at the total seeding rate of $7.5g/m^2$, respectively. This experiment was treated with 3 replications on a randomized block design. Data such as surface coverage rate(%), the germinating number, plant height and visual quality were analyzed. There were no statistic differences observed in the soil hardness and the soil moisture content while a significant difference was observed in the surface coverage rate and the germinating number. The surface coverage rate and the germinating number were significantly high in the Pennisetum alopecuroides plot when compared with the Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens plot, the Festuca arundinacea plot and the Zoysia japonica plot, respectively from the viewpoint of ground covers. Especially, the surface coverage rate was considerably low in the Festuca arundinacea plot. However, the surface coverage rate and the germinating number were no statistic differences observed in this treatment from the viewpoint of herbaceous and woody plants. Also, both of the plant height and visual quality were high in the Pennisetum alopecuroides plot when compared with the Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens plot, the Festuca arundinacea plot and the Zoysia japonica plot, respectively. We concluded that Pennisetum alopecuroides was the optimum plant from the treated ground covers mixed with native woody and herbaceous plants for the balanced emergence from the viewpoint of the ecological slope vegetation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.13-18
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• 2016

In Internet of Things (IoT) environment, a variety of smart devices are connected to Internet through various network technologies such as 4G/5G, WiBro, Bluetooth, etc. in order to provide the remote monitoring service such as smart healthcare service, etc. Most standard mobility management protocols based on IETF Mobile IP may not be suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) environments due to constrained power, constrained CPU processing and memory capacity, and large signalling overhead which are inherently accompanied by various devices in IoT environments. In this article, we propose a new mobility management protocol CoMP (CoAP-based Mobility Managemenbt Protocol) for reliable mobility management in IoT environments. The architecture and algorithm to achieve both reliability and simplicity for IoT mobility management are proposed. Finally, performance has been evaluated by both mathematical analysis and simulation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.6354-6365
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• 2014

This study aims to suggest a direction to develop Korea's certification system by comparing the evaluation items between Korea's G-SEED (Green Standard for Energy & Environmental Design) and Germany's sustainable building certification. A number of eco-friendly building certification systems are being implemented globally. On the other hand, mutually comparable evaluation items have not been suggested up until now. Therefore, international standards have been trying to establish evaluation criteria for eco-friendly buildings, and Germany's sustainable building certification is the first certification standard that has accepted those evaluation criteria. According to the result of comparing Korea's green building certification with Germany's sustainable certification, the green building certification has evaluation items not only on environmentality (62.6%), but also on social aspects (25.4%) and economic aspects (3.0%). This suggests a crucial direction to the development of evaluation items regarding the social and economic aspects of green building certification.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data by analyzing and analysing the Growth Conditions of old Trees in Yangdong village. This study investigated about the conducted on tree information, soil information, and tree health. The result are as follows. The trees information in Yangdong Village consists of Juniperus chinensis, Salix chaenomeloides, Salix pseudolasiogyne, Celtis sinensis, Zelkova serrata, Gleditsia japonica, and Gleditsia sinensis trees, The range of height was 4.0~17.0m, and the diameter was 0.51~1.34m, Juniperus chinensis trees of No.17 was most large. In the results of soil analysis, there showed that acidity was pH4.1~6.3, hardness of 5~48mm, organic matter content of 21.2~29.1g/kg, electrical conductivity(EC) of 0.34~1.76dS/m, available P₂O₅ of 79.8~451.6mg/kg, exchangeable K of 0.22~1.71cmol+/kg, exchangeable Ca of 4.98~7.44cmol+/kg, exchangeable Mg of 0.67~2.19cmol+/kg, exchangeable Na of 0.19~1.04cmol+/kg and cation exchange capacity(C.E.C) of 7.23~13.02cmol+/kg. As a result, the highest number of tree health levels is 8 of 11trees of Celtis sinensis, 2 of 7trees of Zelkova serrata, and 3 of Gleditsia sinensis, and 13 of 30 trees of health levels, The Older trees with high infection, spoil and hollowed part were the remaining trees except for the healthy part. Relatively, more than half of the number of targets is infected, decay, and the hollowed site, and it is necessary to perform surgery on the damaged area. In addition, preservation and protection measures should be implemented by supplying root nutrients for trees, controlling nutrients in the body to prevent secondary and tertiary damages that cause the infection site to metastasize to the health site, In order to continually monitor the trees, measures to improve the location environment and management of the trees should be sought.