• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.406-413
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of taping technique applied to knee instability. Design: Cross sectional study. Methods: Twenty-six participants with knee instabilityparticipated in this study. They were randomly assigned to the Kinesio taping (KT) group (n=13) and the dynamic taping (DT) group (n=13). Both groups applied knee stabilization taping techniques. In order to compare the effects of each taping technique, the change in the landing error scoring system (LESS) and lower extremity joint angle wasrecorded before and after the intervention. Results: Both groups significantly decreased in the change before and after the LESS (p<0.05). At the joint angle of the lower extremities, KT group significantly reduced the valgus angle at the max knee flexion (p<0.05). In DT group knee joint flexion and hip joint flexion angles were significantly increased at foot contact (p<0.05). In max knee flexion, the knee joint flexion angle was significantly increased (p<0.05). In foot contact, max knee flexion, the knee joint valgus angle was significantly increased (p<0.05). DT group showed more significant changes in knee joint flexion angle at foot contact and hip joint flexion angle at max knee flexion. Conclusions: Dynamic taping is a clinically applicable intervention method for lowering the risk of non-contact injury in participants with knee instability and for knee stability during rehabilitation exercises.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2024

The continuous increase in urban population due to migration of mases from rural areas to big cities has set urban water supply under serious stress. Urban water resources face scarcity of available water quantity, which ultimately effects the water supply. It is high time to address this challenging problem by taking appropriate measures for the improvement of water utility services linked with better understanding of demand side management (DSM), which leads to an effective state of water supply governance. We propose a dynamic framework for preventive DSM that results in optimization of water resource management. This paper uses Agent Based Modeling (ABM) with Digital Twin (DT) to model water consumption behavior of a population and consequently forecast water demand. DT creates a digital clone of the system using physical model, sensors, and data analytics to integrate multi-physical quantities. By doing so, the proposed model replicates the physical settings to perform the remote monitoring and controlling jobs on the digital format, whilst offering support in decision making to the relevant authorities.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.762-768
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effect of ladder-climbing exercise training on neurobiological markers in the hippocampus of mice with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Twenty-one C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to the non-diabetic control (NDC, n = 7), diabetic control (DC, n = 7), and diabetic training (DT, n = 7) groups. The DT group performed ladder-climbing training (LCT) five times a week for eight weeks. We measured the levels of hippocampal neurobiological markers (catalase [CAT], brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], nerve growth factor [NGF], amyloid-beta [Aβ], tau, and CC motif chemokine ligand 11 [CCL11]). The BDNF levels were significantly higher in the DT group than in the DC group (p < 0.05). The Aβ and CCL11 levels were significantly higher in the DC group than in the NDC and DT groups (p < 0.05). The tau levels were significantly higher in the DC group than in the NDC group (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in CAT and NGF levels among the groups (p > 0.05). These results suggest that while T2DM could induce neurodegeneration, LCT may be effective in alleviating neurodegeneration caused by T2DM.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2010

본 연구는 PC 부재인 와플형상을 갖는 슬래브와 더블티형 슬래브에 대하여 보행 및 발뒤꿈치 가진등의 수직진동 하중을 대한 실험과 해석을 수행하여, 각각의 사용성을 비교 검토하였다. 수직진동하중에 대한 실험은 와플형 및 더블티형 슬래브가 모두 시공된 하남시에 위치한 상업시설을 대상으로 수행하였다. 실험결과에 대한 사용성 검토는 국제표준화기구의 ISO 2631-2와 일본건축학회의 건축물의 진동에 관한 거주성능 평가지침 동해설에서 제시한 기준을 바탕으로 평가하였다. 실험결과, 와플형 및 더블티형 슬래브 모두 각 기준에 제시된 상업시설 바닥진동 제한범위에 만족하는 것으로 나타나 사용성이 우수한 것으로 나타났으나, 최대가속도 응답은 와플형 슬래브가 더블티형 슬래브보다 낮게 발생하였다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.2853-2877
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• 1973

Models of cross-sections and channels were made in order to measure seepage losses. Cross-sections were made of sand, sandy clay loam and loam, their thicknesses being 30cm and 40cm, respectively. Flow depths kept in the cross-sections were 4cm, 6cm, 8cm and 10cm. Straight and curved channel models were provided so as to measure seepage losses, when constant water depths maintained at the heads of the channels were 7.3cm and 5.7cm, respectively. The results obtained in this experiment are presented as follows: 1) A cumulative seepage loss per unit length at a point in the channel varies in accordance with time and flow depth. The general equation of cumulative seepage loss may be as follows(Ref. to Table V.25): $$q_{cum}=\int_{o}^aq(a)dt+\int_a^bq(b)dt+\int_b^tq(c)dt$$ 2) In case that the variation of water depth through the channel is slight, the total seepage loss may be computed by applying the following general equation: $$\={q}_{cum}{\cdot}x=\int_o^tq_{cum}\frac{{\partial}x}{{\partial}t}dt$$ 3) Because seepage loss varies considerably according to water depth in case that the variation of flow depth through the channel is great, seepage loss should be computed by taking account of the change of flow depth. 4) The relation between time and traveling distance of water flow may be presented as the following general equation(Ref. to Table V.29): $$x=pt^r$$ 5) The ratios of the seepage losses of the straight channel to the curved channel are 1:1.03 for a flow depth of 7.3cm and 1:1.068 for that of 5.7cm. 6) The ratios of the seepage losses occurring through the bottom to those through the inclined plane in the channel cross-section are 1:2.24 for a water depth of 8cm and 1:2.47 for a depth of 10cm in case that soil-layer is 30cm in thickness. Similarly, those ratios are 1:2.62 and 1:2.93 in case of a soil-layer thickness of 40cm(Ref. to Table V.5).

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.38.1-38.8
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• 2021

This study examined the anti-diabetic effects of aqueous extracts of Dendropanax morbifera leaves (DMWEs) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Thirty male SD rats (body weight [BW], 250.4 ± 19.7 g) were divided into the following six groups: normal control rats (NC), diabetic control rats (DC), diabetic rats treated with metformin HCl 100 mg/kg BW (DT), diabetic rats treated with DMWEs 50 mg/kg BW (DM-50), diabetic rats treated with DMWEs 100 mg/kg BW (DM-100), and diabetic rats treated with DMWEs 200 mg/kg BW (DM-200). From two weeks of administration of DMWEs, the BW of all groups treated with DMWEs increased significantly compared to DC (p < 0.05). At four weeks after treatment, the blood glucose levels in DT, DM-100, and DM-200 decreased below 200 mg/dL, while the glycated hemoglobin concentrations in all groups administered DMWEs were similar to those of NC and DT. Regarding the blood biochemical parameters, the levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine in DM-100 and DM-200 were similar to those in NC and DT. Overall, these results highlight the effectiveness of DM-100 in the treatment of diabetes.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 1996

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.571-576
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 섬바디 나물의 항염증 효과를 알아보기 위하여 LPS로 염증을 유도한 Raw 264.7 세포에 대한 섬바디나물 80% 에탄올 추출물의 효과를 살펴보았다. 섬바디 나물 추출물을 LPS로 유도된 Raw 264.7 대식세포에서 전염증성인자(iNOS, COX-2)들을 생성하여 측정하였다. 섬바디 나물 추출물의 대식세포에서의 세포 독성 측정을 MTT를 수행하였다. 섬바디 나물 추출물의 세포 독성을 측정한 결과, $1,000{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 100% 이상의 세포 생존율을 보였다. 섬바디 나물 추출물의 50, 100, $500{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 iNOS와 COX-2의 단백질 발현 억제 효과를 측정하기 위해 western blot을 통해 측정하였고, 양성대조군으로는 ${\beta}-actin$을 사용하였다. 그 결과, 섬바디 나물 추출물을 western blot을 통해 측정한 iNOS, COX-2의 단백질 발현 억제 효과는 $500{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 각각 56%, 61.6%로 감소하였다. 섬바디 나물 추출물의 50, 100, $500{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 iNOS, COX-2의 mRNA의 발현억제 효과를 측정하기 위해 RT-PCR을 통해 측정하였으며, 양성 대조군으로 GAPDH를 사용하였다. 그 결과, 섬바디 나물 추출물을 RT-PCR을 통해 iNOS, COX-2의 mRNA 발현 억제 효과를 측정한 결과는 $500{\mu}g/ml$에서 각각 77.9%, 83.3%로 감소하였다. 이를 통해, 섬바디 나물 추출물은 염증을 억제시켜 주는 가능성이 있는 항염증 물질로써의 효과가 있을 것으로 보여진다.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.349-363
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• 2019

Let ${\mathbb{H}}^5$ be the 5-dimensional Heisenberg group equipped with a left-invariant metric. In this paper we calculate the volumes of geodesic balls in ${\mathbb{H}}^5$. Let $B_e(R)$ be the geodesic ball with center e (the identity of ${\mathbb{H}}^5$) and radius R in ${\mathbb{H}}^5$. Then, the volume of $B_e(R)$ is given by $${\hfill{12}}Vol(B_e(R))\\{={\frac{4{\pi}^2}{6!}}{\left(p_1(R)+p_4(R){\sin}\;R+p_5(R){\cos}\;R+p_6(R){\displaystyle\smashmargin{2}{\int\nolimits_0}^R}{\frac{{\sin}\;t}{t}}dt\right.}\\{\left.{\hfill{65}}{+q_4(R){\sin}(2R)+q_5(R){\cos}(2R)+q_6(R){\displaystyle\smashmargin{2}{\int\nolimits_0}^{2R}}{\frac{{\sin}\;t}{t}}dt}\right)}$$ where $p_n$ and $q_n$ are polynomials with degree n.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2014

The specific genetic modification in porcine somatic cells by gene targeting has been very difficult because of low efficiency of homologous recombination. To improve gene targeting, we designed three kinds of knock-out vectors with ${\alpha}1,3$-galactosyltransferase gene (${\alpha}1,3$-GT gene), DT-A/pGT5'/neo/pGT3', DT-A/NLS/pGT5'/neo/pGT3' and pGT5'/neo/ pGT3'/NLS. The knock-out vectors consisted of a 4.8-kb fragment as the 5' recombination arm (pGT5') and a 1.9-kb fragment as the 3' recombination arm (pGT3'). We used the neomycin resistance gene (neo) as a positive selectable marker and the diphtheria toxin A (DT-A) gene as a negative selectable marker. These vectors have a neo gene insertion in exon 9 for inactivation of ${\alpha}1,3$-GT locus. DT-A/pGT5'/neo/pGT3' vector contain only positive-negative selection marker with conventional targeting vector. DT-A/NLS/pGT5'/neo/pGT3' vector contain positive-negative selection marker and NLS sequences in upstream of 5' recombination arm which enhances nuclear transport of foreign DNA into bovine somatic cells. pGT5'/neo/pGT3'/NLS vector contain only positive selection marker and NLS sequence in downstream of 3' recombination arm, not contain negative selectable marker. For transfection, linearzed vectors were introduced into porcine ear fibroblasts by electroporation. After 48 hours, the transfected cells were selected with $300{\mu}g/ml$ G418 during 12 day. The G418-resistant colonies were picked, of which 5 colonies were positive for ${\alpha}1,3$-GT gene disruption in 3' PCR and southern blot screening. Three knock-out somatic cells were obtained from DT-A/NLS/ pGT5'/neo/pGT3' knock-out vector. Thus, these data indicate that gene targeting vector using nuclear localization signal and negative selection marker improve targeting efficiency in porcine somatic cells.