• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.173-175
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• 1974

The author had studied epidemiologically the dental caries experience rate in the 200 students of nursing school of national medical center. The obtained results were as follows; 1. The dental caries experience rate in the students of nursing school of N.M.C. was 78.5%. 2. The D.M.F. teeth index in the students of nursing school of N.M.C was 4.5. 3. The filled teeth rate of students of nursing school of N.M.C. was lower than decayed teeth rate and missed teeth rate.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.287-294
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and dental caries experience in Korean adolescents based on the 2010 ~ 2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Methods: The study subjects were 2,655 Korean adolescents aged 10 to 18 years. Subjects were classified into four groups according to their serum 25(OH)D levels. We used logistic regression to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D and for dental caries experience after adjusting for age, household income level, recipient of basic livelihood, tooth brushing and visiting dental clinics. Result: Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D insufficiency (20 ng/mL ${\leq}25(OH)D$ < 30 ng/mL) was associated with increased odd ratios (ORs) for dental caries experience in boys (OR = 2.577, 95% CI = 1.013-6.557), compared with serum 25(OH)D sufficiency (25(OH)D ${\geq}30ng/mL$). Conclusion: The serum 25(OH)D levels were found to be related to risk of dental caries experience in Korean adolescent boys.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.225-235
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• 2010

People are getting more interested in 3D stereoscopic movie, but due to the sudden concern, there is less research how 3D stereoscopic movie influence on people. The present research aims at developing 3D stereoscopic movie measurement. For this, we tested three variables which are perceived functionality, impression, and presence. Perceived functionality is defined as how people perceive functions of 3D stereoscopic movie for instance depth, and impression is defined as how people integrate various information as a total image. Finally, presence is a psychological state that individual's perception fails to accurately acknowledge the role of the technology in the experience. As a result, perceived functionality consists of four factors, impression consists of eight factors, and presence consists of three factors. As an exploratory research, we cannot guarantee the validity of the measurement, but as a seminal research it is worthwhile to pay attention.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.128-136
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• 2020

In this paper, we presented a simple hologram recording set for learners to broaden their program choices and experience holographic techniques with lifelong education programs. In order to obtain quality 3D images, the quality of light sources and recording mediums, which are the main elements of hologram recording, must be good. In addition, due to the characteristics of the hologram, the ambient vibrations shall be minimized for accurate interference pattern recording. The simple hologram recording set presented in this paper has not significantly restricted in space and location, and anyone can easily experience it at a reasonable price compared to the existing hologram production method. Also, it can make two different type of hologram (transmission and reflection) for providing easy access to recording and reconstruction of the hologram. Experiments have shown that holographic manufacturing practices are a very useful way to educate the public on optics and photonics technologies.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to evaluate visual fatigue with passing of watching 3D TV in short term and with experience of watching 3DTV in long term. Methods: 98 adult subjects aged $33.5{\pm}5.5$ years (22 to 51 years; 12 females and 86 males) agreed to participate in this study. Subjects were asked to watch 52 inch LED 2D and 3D television (Shutter glasses method) at 2.7 meters for 65minutes with wearing their habitual glasses or contact lenses. For evaluating visual fatigue, subjects were verbally responded to 11 questions : eye straining, eye paining, dry eye, sore eye, watery eye, photophobia, blur vision, diplopia, eye fatigue, headache, and dizziness with scale 0 to 3 at each measurement while watching 3D and 2D TV. Results: The mean scores of visual fatigue were $2.08{\pm}2.14$, $3.19{\pm}3.02$, $3.40{\pm}3.37$, $3.53{\pm}3.07 $for after 5 minutes, 25 minutes, 45 minutes, and 65 minutes respectively for 3D TV, and $0.40{\pm}1.03$, $0.22{\pm}0.70$, $0.22{\pm}0.58$, and $0.17{\pm}0.52$ after 25, 45, and 65 minutes respectively for 2D TV. Visual fatigue for watching 3D TV was significantly higher than for watching 2D TV at all measurements sessions (paired t-test, p < 0.001). The visual fatigue significantly increased during watching 3D TV for 65 minutes (p < 0.001, RM-ANOVA). The visual fatigue during watching 3D TV was significantly increased until 25 minutes (paired t-test, p < 0.001), stable after that. For correlation between visual fatigue and 3D watching experience, the more 3D watching experiences were significantly the less visual fatigues in photophobia, blur vision, diplopic and dizzy symptoms (ANOVA, all F(1, 96) = 4.500, all p < 0.05), but there was not significantly different in the other symptoms (ANOVA, F (1, 96) = 2.123, p = 0.148). Conclusions: Visual fatigue for watching 3D TV was higher than for watching 2D TV, increase by 25 minutes. It was different by symptoms for correlation between visual fatigue and 3D watching experience.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2012

Generally today's culture and the arts industry has been focusing more on economic value than the arts. Therefore this paper will elucidate the meaning of the culture and the arts can be a break though which can only include commercial and economic values but transcend its values ultimately. First of all, this paper will suggest an advanced 3D stereoscopic images by analysis of examples and environments of realistic media arts. Looking into the changes of related technologies and market environments, the motion-recognition technology, as seem in SF film "Minority report", has become a feasible technology. In the past, 3D stereoscopic images were shown in the theme park theatre and exhibition halls for group viewing. but recent 3D TV and display devices have changed those environments to personal. Since domestic researches of realistic media art has been little, this paper will analyze them respecting to three broad classifications. The results are : Firstly, in CAVE method, more impact capabilities of spectators are expected that they can manipulate interactive interfaces freely and the physical movements of spectators can operate interactively. Secondly, inter-network communications and expansion of viewers' perceptions are predicted by way of HMD method, sensor suites and communication equipments. Thirdly, combinations of HMD and motion tracking utilization is foreseen. With the convergent usages of these three features, we can prospect the possibilities of interactive 4D that spectators wearing 3D stereoscopic display devices can experience and make their own 3D stereoscopic images actively at the point of their views.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.152-162
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• 2019

In Korea there has been scant research on VR games. This work focuses then on college students' perceptions of VR games, factors motivating them to experience VR games, the important features of VR games. This study presents the results of in-depth interview with 10 college students who had recently experienced VR games. VR games, it is found, provide a high level of virtual reality, immersiveness, and controllability. Such attributes may be considered distinctive to mobile, PC, and video games. Gamers' intention to re-experience VR games is influenced by the following important factors: 4D effects in VR games, various VR game contents, freedom in games, unique experience chances, sense of reality, sense of thrill, action-based experiences, and playing in group (multiple player). Study findings also suggest that three important features in VR games known as immersion, engagement, and virtual presence play a pivotal role in influencing positive attitudes toward VR games. Practical implications are also discussed.the help of information technology.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.321-329
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the prevalence of bullying and to examine the effect of bullying on psychological well-being including depression, self-esteem, and academic major satisfaction among nursing students during clinical training. Methods: Three hundreds one nursing students who were recruited from three universities in D City were assessed with self-report questionnaires of bullying experience and psychological well-being. Data analyses were performed using the SPSS 21.0 program, which included one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses. Results: More than three quarters of the participants experienced bullying during their clinical training, and their experience of being bullied was a significant predictor of psychological well-being even after controlling for perceived academic performance, relationship between nurses and students, teachers' or nurses' help to deal with bullying, and religion. Conclusion: Bullying was an issue among nursing students during clinical placement. Bullying experience yielded negative psychological outcomes associated with high depression, low self-esteem, and low academic major satisfaction. Practical guidelines are required in nursing education to protect students from the possible harm of bullying in clinical settings during training.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.227-235
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• 2017

Purpose: This descriptive correlational study investigated the effects of violent experience and resilience on burnout in emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Methods: The participants were 160 EMTs working in fire stations (safety center and local center) located in U, B, and D city. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test post-hoc analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. Results: The number of EMTs getting into ambulances was significantly associated with violent experience, resilience, and burnout. Position of EMTs was significantly associated with both resilience and burnout. In the multiple regression analysis, the subscales of durability and optimism in resilience were significantly associated with burnout after controlling for confounding variables. Conclusion: This study indicated that improving durability and optimism in resilience was important to cope with experience of violence and to prevent burnout in EMTs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.656-663
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• 2005

Purpose. Nursing research is recognized as an essential basis for the continuous development of the scientific nursing knowledge and practice. An understanding of the barriers and attitudes to research among nurses is important to improve clinical nursing research activities. Method. Data were collected from nurses at a general hospital, located in D city, using a self-reported questionnaire, from March 15th to April 4th, 2003, and 133 questionnaires were used for the analyses. A 5 point-scale instrument was used to measure barriers and attitudes towards nursing research, with a Cronbach's alpha of .85 and .89, respectively. Results. Nurses had limited experience in research and were not well prepared to conduct it. Lack of experience, training and time were the major barriers for conducting research. However, the nurses had positive attitudes toward research. There was a difference in barriers (t = 2.68, P = .02) and research attitudes (t =- 2.74, P = .00) according to the nurses' position. Also, the nurses' research experience influenced research attitudes (t = -3.27, P = .00). The degree of research preparation (F = 6.98, P = .00) had an effect on the attitudes toward nursing research but not on the barriers. Conclusion. There is an urgent need to promote both the ability and environment for clinical nurses to actively participate in research. As the majority of nurses had little experience and low confidence in research and perceived many barriers, this promotion can be accomplished by enhancing their confidence in research through continuing education and by gradually eliminating the barriers to research.