• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.418-424
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• 2015

The content of ${\beta}$-carotene in agricultural foods, such as seasonings, tea, vegetables, cereals, nuts & seeds, oils & fats, and fruits, were quantitatively analyzed using reversed-phase HPLC with an UV/visible detector. Standard reference material (SRM) 2385 was used as a control material to validate measurement of ${\beta}$-carotene in this study. Recovery percentage and relative standard deviation of ${\beta}$-carotene in SRM 2385 were 102% and 1.73%, respectively. Vegetables and tea contained relatively high concentrations of ${\beta}$-carotene (young barley powder, $17,293.95{\mu}g/100g$; raw young barley, $2,755.15{\mu}g/100g$; dried green tea leaves, $13,671.85{\mu}g/100g$; green tea powder, $7,579.04{\mu}g/100g$). Contents of ${\beta}$-carotene in nuts & seeds as well as oils & fats ranged from $11.32{\mu}g/100g$ in almond products (roasted with salt) to $58.56{\mu}g/100g$ in perilla seed oil. Among 20 fruits, a high content of ${\beta}$-carotene was found in apricots (raw), which contained $2,280.35{\mu}g/100g$.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.253-277
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• 2002

Nowaday, the advanced technology in information and communication has been leading the dramatic change of transaction paradigm expansion from physical basis to electronic one. As we know, financial services support most of financial exchange between two business parties. So the expansion of electronic transaction paradigm affects to every financial institutions which provide financial services. Thus, financial institutions have accepted e-Finance systems and providing internet financial services to live in the competition. The purpose of this study is to contribute the qualitative enhancement of its customer service, rapid diffusion and accurate strategy establishment for e-Finance industry in the user side. Through the literature review and factor and reliability analysis, this study selects six diffusion factors such as efficiency of perceived e-Finance, reliability and safety of e-Finance in perceived e-Finance itself's characteristic; confidence, technical factors and the customer service quality of e-Finance system in perception on e-Finance System; inclination to innovation in the personal characteristic. According to result of hypothesis verification by using logistics regression analysis, technical factors and the customer service quality of e-Finance system in perception on e-Finance System and inclination to innovation in the personal characteristic gave statistically positive effect to the diffusion decision at the significant level 0.05 and 0.01. However efficiency of perceived e-Finance, reliability and safety of e-Finance in perceived e-Finance itself's characteristic didn't affect to diffusion decision and confidence of e-Finance system in perception on e-Finance System didn't have any statistical significancy. This study can be used as a basic material for the forward empirical study of diffusion factors in the user side and be able to apply to company and government policy making or embodiment, determination for customer service quality degree of financial institutions. But this study has some limitations like didn't touch satisfaction factors and its effect, only deal domestic customers and didn't use multi-regression analysis.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 2002

This study aims to clarify the socio-economic factors which have an effectiveness on the social support in rural areas and analyze how it relates to the Individual Health promotion behavior. It is advised to improve social support in the community. The target population was all residents with no chronic and no serious disease who live in five villages of Chuncheon in Kangwon province during July of 2002. This study was done by the interview survey using questionnaire which was composed with questions about Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey(MOS-SSS) and the health promotion behavior. MOS-SSS was translated to Korean and modified to be suitable for the study. The functional and social support variables were also added. The health promotion behavior was formed through the questions about whether or not stop smoking, stop drinking, the excise, the health examinations, attending health education, and hormone replacement therapies. The results are as follows; 1) the case of low-educated, divorce or separation to death, or the subject of social assistance, the social support was low. 2) the case of high social class, the social support was high. 3) there were no significant findings in the health status. 4) according to the analysis of correlation of health promotion behavior, the group with the most social support showed a high percentage of getting health examinations, attending health education, Hormone replacement therapies. However, the adjusted rate of smoking and drinking of trying to stop smoking and stop drinking resulted in low figures. The well-structured social support which the community can provide should be firstly given a priority for the group with low-income, low-educated, divorce or separation to death, and social assistance who are provided poor social support. Moreover, the social support service should be actively reflected to the health promotion program in the community.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.49-63
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• 1999

The objective of the study was to examine and compare health behavior between rural area and urban area in Soonchun city. Data were collected through personal interviews from 25, April to 30, May in 1998. Questions were asked to the rural area residents(n=399) and urban area residents(n=149) about their health behaviors, including such as self-recognition of health status, health related behaviors(smoking, drinking, eating habit, and exercising), status of disease and prevention, and utilization of hospital. As we examine the demographic characteristics, rural area residents were more aged(p<0.001) than urban area residents. And the urban residents had higher education(p<0.01), higher income(p<0.01) and higher health care cost(p<0.01) than rural residents. There were difference in health status existed between rural and urban residents. Rural residents had poorer health status(p<0.01) than urban residents, and however urban residents had more anxiety about their health(p<0.01) than rural residents. Comparison of the health related behavior between rural and urban area residents, rural residents were more likely to smoke(p<0.05), less intake of milk(p<0.01), do not exercise(p<0.01), and less try to lose their weight(p<0.01) than urban residents. Rural resident used to suffer from chronic diseases than urban residents(p<0.01). Consideration of health care need for rural residents are required due to the results shown as above. Therefore, the health care center, where most of the rural residents depend on for their treatment and prevention of disease, should make inquiries about resident's health care need and evaluate the important information sources for construction of a health care information system.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.1 s.35
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• pp.29-53
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the education practice of creativity perceived by adolescents and secondary teachers. The subjects in this study are 305 secondary students and 133 secondary school teachers, who have completed questionnaires of 'Education Practice of Creativity' and 'Creativity Fostering Teacher Behavior', The results of this study are as follows: (1) It is found that most adolescents and teachers recognized the need and importance of creativity-fostered education in school. However. the degree of adolescents' and teacher's understanding and satisfaction of creativity-fostered education in school is low. Half of the adolescents have received creativity-fostered education for over three years but half of the teachers have not performed or started to perform creativity-fostered education. Main obstacles of creativity-fostered education in school are lack of understanding creativity-fostered education, lack of teaching methods. teaching materials and teaching time. Antecedents for developing creativity-fostered education are building school climate for creativity-fostered education and selecting and applying various teaching contents. (2) Adolescents' satisfaction of creativity-fostered education have meaningful differences with gender. Also, adolescents' necessity, satisfaction, importance of creativity-fostering education. and creativity-fostered teacher behavior have meaningful differences with grade. (3) There are significant differences in the necessity, importance, interest, and understanding of creativity-fostered education according to a teacher's gender. Also. there are significant differences in the necessity and the understanding of creativity-fostered education according to a teacher's age. (4) There are significant differences between adolescents and teachers in the necessity, satisfaction, importance, interest and understanding of creativity-fostered education and creativity-fostered teacher behavior. (5) There are significant correlations among the necessity, satisfaction, importance, interest of creativity-fostered education and the creativity-fostered teacher behavior.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.103-115
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• 2000

The ability-grouping is the essence of the seventh educational curriculum, applied to school from year 2000, and its enriched-supplementary type will be carried out for science course. This study examines the effect of the enriched-supplementary ability-grouping within class to student's academic achievement and the attitude, related to science. Thus we developed teaching and learning methods with intellectual level about the subject of 'Water Circulation and Weather Change' in Middle-School Science 2. Then we tested 152 eighth graders who were divided into the experimental and control groups. The experimental one was taught through the ability-grouping for about six weeks, while the control through conventional lecture. The improvement of the experimental group in academic achievement was more effective than that of the control, and particularly to below-average students who ranked in lower thirty percent. The experimental one got more negative change in domain 'Science as a Subject, and in subdomain 'Anxiety in Science Lesson'. While outstanding students who ranked in upper thirty percent showed a significant positive change in subdomain 'Satisfaction in Teaching Method, the below-average were negatively changed in subdomain 'Anxiety in Science Lesson'. The current ability-grouping was suitable for the improvement of academic achievement, but not for the general attitude related to science. In order to enhance the ability-grouping effect in science education, we need to additionally consider student's interest and concern in grouping, and develop various teaching and learning methods together with proper textbook contents.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.453-463
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• 1997

The contents of high school 'Common science' textbooks was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Seven common science textbooks were selected and its contents, structure, inquiry, activities, appendix and its characteristics were investigated, and analyzed using the Goal Clusters of Project Synthesis and Romey's indices of text evaluation were calculated. The contents of each unit are not much different among textbooks because they are written according to the curriculum ordinance and textbook guidelines of the Ministry of Education. The textbooks was consist of $471{\sim}519$ pages. It was distribute similarly among the chapter of 'materials', 'forces', lives' and 'earth'. The chapter of 'energy' and 'environment' was treat significantly. The contents and structure of common science is a mere physical consolidation. I make an alternative plan that a topic form. Inquiry activities used in the textbooks are 11 type, however most of that is interpretation of data, experiment, survey and discussion. Ninety six percents of the experiment, belong to the 1st level, four percents of that belong to the 2nd level of the Schwab's inquiry level and there are no activities of the 3rd level. Little attention is given to Goal Cluster I, II, IV in the common science textbooks currently employed. Its content should be broadened to include all Goal Clusters of Project Synthesis. Homey's indices representing the degrees of student involvement. are $0.57{\sim}1.14$ for sentence analysis, $0.60{\sim}1.67$ for figure and diagram analysis, $0.67{\sim}1.50$ for analysis of questions at chapter ends, respectively, student activity per page investigated being $0.6{\sim}0.9$. But chapter summaries cease to repeats the conclusions of the chapter also it be rather formally and inattentively written.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.469-477
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• 2020

Salinity is not only an important variable that determines the density of the ocean but also one of the main parameters representing the global water cycle. Ocean salinity observations have been mainly conducted using ships, Argo floats, and buoys. Since the first satellite salinity was launched in 2009, it is also possible to observe sea surface salinity in the global ocean using satellite salinity data. However, the satellite salinity data contain various errors, it is necessary to validate its accuracy before applying it as research data. In this study, the salinity accuracy between the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite salinity data and the in-situ salinity data provided by the Ieodo ocean research station was evaluated, and the error characteristics were analyzed from April 2015 to August 2020. As a result, a total of 314 match-up points were produced, and the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean bias of salinity were 1.79 and 0.91 psu, respectively. Overall, the satellite salinity was overestimated compare to the in-situ salinity. Satellite salinity is dependent on various marine environmental factors such as season, sea surface temperature (SST), and wind speed. In summer, the difference between the satellite salinity and the in-situ salinity was less than 0.18 psu. This means that the accuracy of satellite salinity increases at high SST rather than at low SST. This accuracy was affected by the sensitivity of the sensor. Likewise, the error was reduced at wind speeds greater than 5 m s^-1. This study suggests that satellite-derived salinity data should be used in coastal areas for limited use by checking if they are suitable for specific research purposes.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.703-718
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• 2014

This study sought to investigate learning progressions for astronomical systems which synthesized the motion and structure of Earth, Earth-Moon system, solar system, and the universe. For this purpose we developed ordered multiple-choice items, applied them to elementary and middle school students, and provided validity evidence based on the consequence of assessment for interpretation of learning progressions. The study was conducted according to construct modeling approach. The results showed that the OMCs were appropriate for investigating learning progressions on astronomical systems, i.e., based on item fit analysis, students' responses to items were consistent with the measurement of Rasch model. Wright map analysis also represented that the assessment items were very effective in examining students' hypothetical pathways of development of understanding astronomical systems. At the lower anchor of the learning progression, while students perceived the change of location and direction of celestial bodies with only two-dimensional earth-based view, they failed to connect the locations of celestial bodies with Earth-Moon system model, and they could recognized simple patterns of planets in the solar system and milky way. At the intermediate levels, students interpreted celestial motion using the model of Earth rotation and revolution, Earth-Moon system, and solar system with space-based view, and they could also relate the elements of astronomical structures with the models. At the upper anchor, students showed the perspective change between space-based view and earth-based view, and applied it to celestial motion of astronomical systems, and they understood the correlation among sub-elements of astronomical systems and applied it to the system model.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.359-371
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• 2010

Facial asymmetry has been found with a higher frequency (70~84%) in skeletal class III malocclusion patients. Anticipating the poor prognosis of prosthesis due to malocclusion, occlusal stability must be obtained by orthodontic treatment. Moreover, orthodontic surgery would be needed in some severe cases for better functional and esthetic results. The orthognathic surgery is performed on one jaw or two jaw depending on the results of facial diagnosis. Genioplasty may change the vertical, horizontal, sagittal position of chin by osteotomy or augmentation using implants, also. This case is about a 24 year-old male patient who visited our clinic to solve the facial asymmetry and mandibular prognathism. Skeletal class III malocclusion, maxillary canting and menton deviation to left by 13 mm were detected. Multiple ill-fitting prostheses, unesthetic maxillary anterior prostheses, and several dental caries were found. After pre-operative orthodontic treatment, Le-Fort I osteotomy, sagittal split ramus osteotomy, genioplasty, right mandibular angle augmentation were done for the correction of jaw relation and asymmetry. By diagnostic wax-up after post-operative orthodontic treatment, maxillary full mouth rehabilitation and mandibular posterior restorations were planned out. For better result, clinical crown lengthening procedure was done on #11, 12 and implant was placed on left mandibular first molar area. The patient was satisfied with the final prostheses. Because of his high caries risk, long-term prognosis will depend on the consistent maintenance of oral hygiene and periodic follow-up.