• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.403-420
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• 2000

The treatment and prevention of periodontitis is focused on the reduction and the elimination of pathogenic bacteria, especially A. actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bacteria such as P. gingivalis. To prevent recurrent disease, the recolonization of these bacteria should be inhibited in the periodontal pocket. Since the replacement therapy was introduced in periodontics by Hillman et al, Jeong et al reported that hydrogen peroxide-producing Lactobacillus acidophilus V-20 completely inhibited P. gingivalis and A. actino - mycetemcomitans in vitro and mouth gargling with Lactobacillus acidophilus V-20 in periodontitis patients during the maintenance phase improved clinical condition and reduced the No. of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans at 4 weeks of treatment. Prior to replacement therapy with bacteria, dynamics of microbial colonization should be considered. This study was performed to evaluate the change in the viable cell number of Lactobacilli and P. gingivalis after oral administration of L. acidophilus V-20. In periodontal health, gargling increased the No. of Lactobacilli in saliva, buccal mucosa, supragingival plaque from the first week, which maintained for 2-3 weeks after gargling stop, and then returned to the undetectable baseline level at the ninth week. In the periodontal pocket of moderate periodontitis patients, daily irrigation for 1 week and weekly irrigation for subsequent 3 weeks decreased the viable cell number of P. gingivalis during the period of irrigation and increased the number of Lactobacilli, which was maintained from the second to the seventh week. L. acidophilus V-20 was isolated for the first 2 weeks of oral administration, and the 3 different strains of Lactobacilli were isolated continuously for remaining period and identified as L. ali - mentarius, L. casei subspecies casei and L. fructosus. The first two Lactobacilli strains completely inhibited P. gingivalis in vitro and all the isolated Lactobacilli strains reduced the artificial plaque formation by 55-63%. These results showed that mouth gargling or pocket irrigation with L. acidophilus V-20 increased the No. of intraoral Lactobacilli and caused to decrease in the No. of P. gingivalis. This suggests that the replacement therapy by these Lactobacilli might be useful in the maintenance care of periodontal patients.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1007-1013
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• 2004

The study was conducted to investigate per oral (PO) effects of Raspberry wine on testosterone levels in Sprague-Dawley rats. Raspberry wine of 13% alcohol concentration, was prepared from ripen fruits of Rubus coreanus fermented with Saccharomyces cervisiae. PO administration of Raspberry wine for 15 week (group A) produced dramatic increases of serum testosterone levels. Increase in the testosterone level was observed, using gamma counter with 1251 testosterone, starting from 1 week post administration. Maximum increase in testosterone level was observed at 5 week post administration, 7.486±6.482ng/mL, which was 14.6 times higher than normal and at 15 weeks post administration it was recorded as 1.84±3.516ng/mL. However, PO administration of Saccharomyces cervisiae broth (Group B) and 13% brewed alcohol (group C) for 15 weeks resulted slight increase in testosterone levels, indicating Raspberry wine as an effective phyto-testosogenic beverage of the future.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2018

As a part of general toxicity studies of Enterococcus Faecalis 2001 (EF 2001) prepared using heat-treatment bacillus mort body EF 2001 in mice, this study examined the toxicity of EF 2001 in single and repeated administrations following the previous report in order to apply this product to preventive medicine. The safety of oral ingestion of EF 2001 was examined in 6-week-old male and female ICR mice with 1,000 mg/kg, 3,000 mg/kg and 5,000 mg/kg body weight/day administrated by gavage of the maximum acceptable dose of EF 2001. The study was conducted using distilled water as a control following the methods for general toxicity studies described in the "Guidelines for Non-clinical Studies of Pharmaceutical Products 2002". As a control, 1) observation of general conditions, 2) measurement of body weight, 3) determination of food consumption, 4) determination of water consumption, 5) blood test and urinalysis and 6) pathological examination were performed for the administration of EF 2001. Mice received EF 2001 for 13 weeks and results were compared with those of the control group that received distilled water. The results of the above examinations revealed no significant differences between control and EF 2001 groups for both males and females. Thus, no notable toxicity was confirmed with single and repeated oral administrations of EF 2001. Oral administration in the above doses did not result in abnormal symptoms or death during the observation period. No abnormalities in blood cell count or organ weights were seen. Without any evidence of toxicity to cells and organs, EF 2001 is speculated to not adversely affect living organisms. The 50% lethal dose of EF 2001 with oral administration in mice is estimated to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg body weight/day for both male and female mice. Therefore, $LD_{50}$ value for animals was 5,000 mg/kg or more.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2010

Objective: Bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is reported in patients taken bisphosphonate for a long time, however, the mechanism of osteonecrosis in BRONJ was not clarified yet. This study was designed to investigate the effect of short administraion zoledronate on the healing pattern of periosteum and sinus membrane after iliac bone graft into maxillary sinus. Methods: In this study, 18 Newzeland rabbits were used. The animals were divided into 2 group. In the experimental group, rabbits were treated with weekly peritoneal injection (0.06 mg/kg/week) of zoledronate for three times. In the control group, rabbits were treated with saline solution injection instead of zoledronate. Periosteum and sinus membrane were harvested from one rabbit of the experimental group and one of the control group in the fourth week. The autogeneous bone was harvested from ilium and grafted into maxillary sinus. The rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after bone graft. The healing pattern of periosteum and sinus membrane were evaluated histologically. Results: Inflammatory reaction in the periosteum was less conspicuous and healing process appeared earlier in experimental group compared with control group at 1, 2, 4 weeks. There were no differences of microscopic findings of sinus membrane between both groups at any weeks. Conclusion: Short-term use of zoledronate decreased the inflammatory reaction and enhanced healing process in the periosteum. These findings suggest the possibility that zoledronte suppress the function of macrophages.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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• pp.193-193
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• 2002

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2001년도 Proceedings of International Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea
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• pp.307.1-307.1
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• 2001

• Toxicological Research
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2011

Gryllus bimaculatus (Gb) was orally administered at doses of 0, 0.04, 0.2, 1 and 5 g/kg bw/day for 13 consecutive weeks. There were no observed clinical signs or deaths related to treatment in all the groups tested. Therefore, the approximate lethal oral dose of G. bimaculatus was considered to be higher than 5 g/kg in rats. Throughout the administration period, no significant changes in diet consumption, ophthalmologic findings, organ weight, clinical pathology (hematology, clinical chemistry, coagulation, and urinalysis) or gross pathology were detected. Minor changes were found in hematological parameters for the 5 g/kg Gb-treated group (triglyceride reduction of 35.8%), but all changes were within normal physiological ranges. Microscopic examination did not identify any treatment-related histopathologic changes in the organs of Gb-treated rats in the high dose group. From these results, one can conclude that the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of G. bimaculatus is higher than 5 g/kg bw/day in rats.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.412-418
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• 2001

[ $\beta$ ]-glucan을 시판의 배합사료에 $0.1\%$ 첨가한 다음 담수어인 잉어 (평균체중 1.0g 및 68.7g)와 해산어인 넙치 (평균 체중, 12.1 g 및 54.0g)에 2주간 첨가사료, 1주간 무첨가사료, 2주간 첨가사료 투여의 투여방법으로 5주간 경구투여한 다음 인위감염에 대한 생잔율을 조사하였다. 또 투여기간중의 말초혈액의 백혈구수와 혈중리소자임의 활성과 5주간 투여후에 채취한 백혈구의 식작용능을 조사하였다. $\beta$-glucan첨가사료 투여군에 $1\times10^6$cells의 Aeromonas hydrophila를 접종한 평균체중 68.7g의 잉어군과 $1\times10^5$cells의 Edwardsiella tarda를 접종한 평균체중 68.7g의 넙치군에서 $\beta$-glucan첨가사료 투여군이 무첨가투여군에 비해 생존율이 높았고 (P<0.05),그 외의 접종군에서는 무첨가투여군과 차이가 없었다. $\beta$-glucan첨가사료 투여기간 동안 말초혈액중의 마크로파아지와 호중구수는 투여기간에는 증가, 무투여기간에는 감소하는 경향이었으며 특히 마크로파아지의 증가가 현저하였다. 혈중 리소자임은 잉어에서는 $\beta$-glucan첨가사료 투여기간에는 상승하고 무투여기간에는 감소하였지만, $\beta$-glucan첨가사료를 다시 투여한 후 급격히 상승하여 높은 활성을 유지하였다 그러나 넙치는 잉어보다는 활성의 증가는 현저하지 않았고 무투여기간에도 변동이 없었지만 무첨가투여군보다는 항상 높은 활성을 나타내었다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.20-30
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• 2011

Purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is a common condition characterised by menstrual abnormalities. PCOS is now recognised to be a metabolic syndrome which may include hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and possibly cardiac disease. Cyperi Rhizoma(CR) can soothe the liver to regulate gi and regulate menstruation to relieve pain. For these reasons, this study was designed to investigate the effects of CR on metabolic syndrome in PCO rats. Methods: Female rats injected with a single dose of 2 mg/kg estradiol valerate (EV) develop PCO, CR was given for 5 weeks. After 5 weeks administration of drugs, body weights, food uptake, Fasting Blood Glucose, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, Total Cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol and Triglyceride were measured once a week. Results: In this experiment, single injection of EV induced hyperlipidemia, but it did not affect serum glucose levels. Oral administration of CR prevent weight loss shown in control group. In addition, treatment with CR can lower total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride in serum compared to PCO induced control group. Conclusions: These results suggest that CR can regulate hyperlipidemia in PCOS.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.244-251
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• 2017

Purpose: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of combined oral and enema therapy using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350 with electrolyte solution for disimpaction in hospitalized children. Methods: We retrospectively studied 28 children having functional constipation who received inpatient treatment between 2008 and 2016. The amount of oral PEG 3350 electrolyte solution administered was 50-70 mL/kg/d (PEG 3350, 3-4.1 g/kg/d), and an enema solution was administered 1-2 times a day as a single dose of 15-25 mL/kg (PEG 3350, 0.975-1.625 g/kg/d). A colon transit time (CTT) test based on the Metcalf protocol was performed in some patients. Results: Administration of oral and enema doses of PEG 3350 electrolyte solution showed $2.1{\pm}0.3$ times and $2.9{\pm}0.4$ times, respectively. After disimpaction, the frequency of defecation increased from $2.2{\pm}0.3$ per week to once a day ($1.1{\pm}0.1$ per day). The number of patients who complained of abdominal pain was reduced from 15 (53.6%) to 4 (14.3%). Before hospitalization, nine patients underwent a CTT test, and 5 of 9 patients (55.6%) were classified as belonging to a group showing abnormalities. And in some patients, mild adverse effects were noted. We examined electrolytes and osmolality before and after disimpaction in 16 of 28 patients, and no abnormalities were noted. Conclusion: In terms of therapeutic efficacy and safety, combined oral and enema therapy using high-dose PEG 3350 with electrolytes is considered superior to conventional oral monotherapy or combined oral and enema therapy on an outpatient basis.