• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.101-112
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to examine the real life of married women employed in a manufacturing industry by analysis patterns of their time use. Data for 172 married working women were gathered from the use of face-to-face interview method. The results were shown as follows; 1) Married female production workers spend 8 hours 44 minutes a weekday, and 10 hours 39 minutes a Sunday on physiological activities, and on socio-cultural activities 1 hour 50 minutes(weekday), 5 hours 30 minutes (sunday). 10 hours 22 minutes, 2 hours 23 minutes were consumed for the employed time compared to 3 hours 4 minutes, 5 hours 28 minutes for household labor. 2) Married working women's employed labor time is excessively too long while for leisure and house work time is too short, which means the patterns of their time use are very unbalanced type.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 1980

To observe sequential postmortem autolysis in liver of Korean native cattle, liver placed in controlled environment chamber at $23-27.5^{\circ}C$ was treated after various intervals and observed with light microscope. The nuclear fading accompanied by margination of the chromatin in the hepatocytes appeared by 3 to 6 hours, and reduction of the cytoplasmic stainability and haryolisis began at 15 hours after death. Pyknosis of Kupffer's cells was noted by 3 to 20 hours, thereafter followed the decrease in staining of nuclei, but the nuclei were visible until 50 hours after death. Sinusoids and space of Disse were markedly distended at 10 hours, thereafter spaces of Disse were more dilatable than sinusoids. A large number of the erythrocytes in blood vessels were lysed, and the cytoplasmic stainability was largely reduced at 25 hours and nearly disappeared at 40 hours after death.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.4-18
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thermotherapy on gas pain, post-operative resilience, and body temperature discomfort among patients who received laparoscopic myomectomies. Methods: The experimental group consisted of 62 patients with thermotherapy and the control group consisted of 60 patients. Thermotherapy was applied individually to the experimental group four hours after surgery. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ${\chi}^2$-tests, and repeated measures of analysis of variance, using IBM SPSS Statistics version 18. Results: The results showed no significant interaction effect between the group and time of measurement in gas-related pain in the experimental group. For gas-related pain, there was significant difference in right shoulder pain at 24 hours (t=-4.222, p=.000), 48 hours (t=-3.688, p=.000), 72 hours (t=-2.250, p=.028), and left at 24 hours (t=-3.727, p=.000), 48 hours (t=-4.150, p=.000), and 72 hours (t=-2.482, p=.016) and both shoulders at 24 hours (t=-2.722, p=.009) and 48 hours (t=-2.525, p=.014). There was no significant difference in epigastric pain, excluding both epigastric pain at 48 hours (t=2.908, p=.005), 72 hours (t=3.010, p=.004), but there was a significant difference in objective body temperature discomfort (t=2.895, p=.008). Conclusion: Thermotherapy relieved shoulder gas-related pain and objective body temperature discomfort. It needs to be developed and applied to improve post-operative discomfort in patients with laparoscopic hysterectomies.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.237-244
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the effects of motive of use, stress and interpersonal satisfaction on smartphone overdependence in dental hygiene undergraduates. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 216 dental hygiene students in colleges in Dajeon and Chungnam regions. The results showed that motive of use(3-4hours/>4hours)(${\beta}=-0.178$), weekday usage (<3hours/3-4hours)(${\beta}=0.163$), and weekday usage (${\beta}=0.196$) had a high impact on smartphone overdependence in dental hygiene students. Weekday usage dummy 1 was the factor with the greatest impact, with an explanatory power of 25.6%. Additional studies on various factors that affect smartphone overdependence as well as education programs for preventing smartphone overdependence in dental hygiene students are needed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.95-106
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• 1974

The Purpose of this study was to observe the body temperature changes of newborn infants in general crib and electric heat crib after birth for the period required to reach the optimum body temperature. Forty-seven newborn infants who were delivered at Seoul National University Hospital during the period from June 12 to September 13, 1973 were chosen as Subjects for this study. The criteria for the choice of subjects were the babies with normal spontaneous delivery; body weight 2.5kg and over at birth; Apgar so ore seven and over and gestation period over thirty-six weeks. Of these subjects, by random sampling thirty-one newborn infants were placed in the general crib and sixteen in the electric-heat crib. The rectal body temperature of these newborn infants were taken and recorded at fifteen-minute interval for the first one hour period after birth, at thirty minute interval for the next two hours and at one hour interval for the remaining period up to eight hours. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The mean body temperature of the newborn infants on admission to nursery ranged from 98.7℉. to 99℉. irrespective of the body weight and the room temperature. 2. There was a significant difference in the body temperature changes of the newborn infants as a total between the general crib and the electric-heat crib from three to eight hours after birth. It was found that the body temperature of the newborn infants in the electric-heat crib was significantly higher than that of the newborn infants in the general crib. 3. In comparison with the body temperature changes of the newborn infants in the general crib, the newborn infants in the electric- heat crib exhibited significantly higher body temperatures in all three body weight groups; from four to eight hours after birth in the 2.5-2.9kg body weight group; from three to seven hours after birth in the 3.0-3.4kg body weight group; from two and half to six hours after birth in the group with body weight over 3.5kg. 4. Time required to reach 98℉. of body temperature was four hours in the 3.5-2.9kg body weight group, three hours in the 3.0-3.4kg. body weight group and two and half hours in the group with body weight over 3.5kg in the electric- heat crib. In the general crib, it took over eight hours in the 2.5-2.9kg body weight group and five hors in both the 3.0-3.4kg and over 3.5kg body weight group to reach 98℉ of body temperature. 5. The lowest mean body temperature of newborn infants in both general and electric- heat crib appeared in forty-five minute after birth and the temperature ranged from 96.4℉ to 96.5℉. 6. The mean body temperature of the newborn infants in the general crib was increased as the room temperature. 7. The body weight, the room temperature and the time elapsed after birth fore proved to be significant factors influencing the body temperature changes of newborn infants. From tile above results, the three hypotheses were positively accepted.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.202-208
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• 2002

Test fishing was carried out utilizing a coastal pot-fishing boat from IS March to 7 April 2002 and the results obtained are summarized as follows ; 1. Mean catches(Number of sea eels) according to the soak time of 3 hours, 6 hours and 12 hours were 44.6, 60.0 and 83.3, and CPUE(Number of catch / 10pots·hour) were 2.5, 1.7 and 1.1 respectively 2. Catch difference between over 24 hours and 48 hours was 11.3% and 3.3% between over 48 hours and 72 hours. 3. In the test fishing, by-catches were so low(1.5∼3%) until 12 hours of soaking time passed By-catches were increased according to the soaking time addition on the over 24 hours of soaking time. The bait effect for sea-eel seems to be diminished as soon as the casting started and there was big difference in proportion to bait size and freshness.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.183-186
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• 2002

Ischemic damage is one of the most serious problems. The openers of KATP channel have been suggested to have an effect to limit the ischemic damage. However, it is not yet clear how KATP channels of a cell correspond to hypoxic damage. To address the question, N2a cells were exposed to two different hypoxic conditions as follows: 6 hours hypoxia followed by 3 hours reperfusion and 12 hours hypoxia followed by 3 hours reperfusion. As the results, 6 hours hypoxic treatment increased glibenclamide- sensitive basal $K_{ATP}$ current activity (approximately 6.5-fold at 0 mV test potential) when compared with nomoxic condition. In contrast, 12 hours hypoxic treatment induced a relatively smaller change in the $K_{ATP}$ current density (2.5-fold at 0 mV test potential). Additionally, in experiments where $K_{ATP}$ channels were opened using diazoxide, the hypoxia for 6 hours significantly increased the current density in comparison to control condition (p＜0.001). Interestingly, the augmentation in the $K_{ATP}$ current density reduced after exposure to the 12 hours hypoxic condition (p＜0.001). Taken together, these results suggest that $K_{ATP}$ channels appear to be recruited more in cells exposed to the 6 hours hypoxic condition and they may play a protective role against hypoxia-reperfusion damage within the time range.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.203-218
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• 2003

The 3 year graduate school course of the dental technician, which has been enforced since 1994 till the present date, differs from the currently existing 2 year graduate course because of an 8 weeks clinical field training course being newly executed and an imposed curriculum about manufacturing specialized prosthetics like all-ceramic, double prosthetic technology, attachment, and implant. Even though nearly 10 years have passed, the education program of the 18 colleges have still not been standardized and the subjects differing a little, while some are still not following the 3 years graduate course. The goal of this research is to emphasize the qualities of the 3 years graduate program and enable the dental technician to handle clinical models in the dental technical clinic right after graduation by adding clinical field training in the dental technician education program of the 18 colleges. Also in accordance to a national and international increase in esthetical prosthetics, credits, weekly study hours, education practice time of specialized prosthetic dental technology can be analyzed as follows. 1. In the year 2003, currently colleges start clinical practice education starting from the 1st semester of the 2nd year junior year, to the 2nd semester of 3rd year the varying in time with adequate class time, and credits. The average credit is 9.56, and weekly average class time is 18.00 hours. later clinical trainee education will be adjusted to the 3 year graduate school course to 10 credits and 20 hours and the adequate education period should be the 2nd semester of 3rd grade when most basic clinical education has been covered. 2. Currently in the year 2003, all-ceramic education has an average credit of 8.01 in 17 colleges with an exception of Ma-san college. The weekly average theoretical education is 4.94 hours, weekly clinical education of 7.88 hours and currently in 14 colleges porcelain technical class usually starts in the 1st semester of the 2nd year. All-ceramic education is thought to have adequate credits, timing, and weekly study hours. 3. Currently in 2003 implant education is enforced in 11 colleges including Bu-san Catholic university and the education period is usually in the 3rd year. Out of the 11 colleges, only Bu-san Catholic univ., Ma-san and Shinheung college have practice training classes. We knew that Shingu, Dongu, Mokpo science colleges have practice training as a curriculum, namely specific prosthetics laboratory. Out of the 9 colleges enforcing implant education the average credits taken are 2.56, and the average hours of weekly theory education is 2.14, but with the exception of Shinheung college which has an implant practice training course theory and practice classes are not divided. Therefore implant education is thought to start in the 3rd year as a 3 credit course with 3 hours of theory and practice each. 4. Currently in 2003, theoretical attachment education is given in 15 colleges and including practical training it is given in 10 colleges. The education starts 1st semester of the 2nd year till the 2nd semester of the 3rd year. The average credit of attachment theory education in the 15 colleges was 3.64, the average weekly theoretical education was 2.64, and the average weekly practice training out of the schools teaching it was 3.20. Later attachment education is thought to start the 1st semester of the 3rd year as a 3 credit course with 2 hours of theory class and 3 hours of practice training. 5. Double prosthetic technology is currently carried out in Dae-jon Health Science college(2nd year 2nd semester, 2 credits, theory 2hours), Gimcheon college (1 credit, 2 hours of practical training), Bu-san Catholic university (4th year 2nd semester, 4 hours of theory. practice). When the 3 year course is enforced, education will start 1st semester of the 3rd year with 2hours of theory and practice each. 6. The newly installed programs of the 3 year education is clinical field training, and specialized prosthetic manufacturing practice like all-ceramic, double prosthetic technology, attachment, and implant. If such education is to be effectively managed, a primary precursor as systemic basic clinical education is thought to be important. 7. Nationally in the 18 colleges of dental technology the currently executed curriculum course had varying subjects, class time according to the subject, and credits by each college. The curriculum difference between the colleges must be settled.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 1989

This study was performed to obtain the optimal condition that hydrolyzed exploded pine(Pinus densiflora), oak(Quercus serrata) and birch wood(Betula platyphylla var. japonica) by using sulfuric acid. The results obtained were summarized as follows: In hydrolysis of wood meal with sulfuric acid. maximum yield of sugar appeared that pine was 12 hours. oak and birch were 24 hours with 65% sulfuric acid. Futhermore, when wood meal and exploded woods were hydrolyzed with 65% sulfuric acid at $23^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours(primary hydrolysis), diluted to 3% and hydrolyzed again at $100^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours(secondary hydrolysis), the maximum sugar yield of wood meals were 6 hours. those of higher steam exploded pine wood was 3 hours. of lower steam exploded oak and birch woods were 6 hours. The sugar analyses of exploded wood showed that the amount of arabinose and xylose residue rapidly decreased. content of nemicelluose decreased with increase of steaming time and pressure.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.185-192
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• 2017

This study examined the optimum conditions and obtained the basic data for processing semi-dried sea cucumber flakes. During the boiling process, the weight and length of the sea cucumber decreased to 45.61% and 55.87%, respectively. Thereafter, there was a gradual decrease in the weight and length of the sea cucumber, which were finally maintained at 30.00% and 50.93%, respectively. The moisture content during drying was 38.37% after 3 hours at $60^{\circ}C$, and 36.56% after 5 hours at $30^{\circ}C$. However, the decrease in moisture content was slowly at 60 hours and $4^{\circ}C$, reaching a final value of 68.9%. The length of boiled sea cucumber during drying decreased to 66.35% after 11 hours at $60^{\circ}C$, and 68.90% after 24 hours at $30^{\circ}C$. The chromaticity and hardness tended to increase during the drying process. Moisture content and water activity of sea cucumber flakes decreased from 81.48% (0.963) to 33.50% (0.763), respectively, after 3 hours at $60^{\circ}C$. Following this, the moisture content and water activity continuously decreased to 30.75% (0.608) at 4 hours and 19.47% (0.437) at 5 hours, respectively. The overall acceptance score was 4.11 and 3.89 for 4 hours dry sample and 5 hours dry sample, respectively. However, the score was not statistically significant.