• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2008

The flow rate measurements in a multi-phase flow pipeline were evaluated quantitatively by means of a clamp-on sealed radioisotope based on a cross correlation signal processing technique. The flow rates were calculated by a determination of the transit time between two sealed gamma sources by using a cross correlation function following FFT filtering, then corrected with vapor fraction in the pipeline which was measured by the ${\gamma}$-ray attenuation method. The pipeline model was manufactured by acrylic resin(ID. 8 cm, L=3.5 m, t=10 mm), and the multi-phase flow patterns were realized by an injection of compressed $N_2$ gas. Two sealed gamma sources of $^{137}Cs$ (E=0.662 MeV, ${\Gamma}$ $factor=0.326\;R{\cdot}h^{-1}{\cdot}m^2{\cdot}Ci^{-1}$) of 20 mCi and 17 mCi, and radiation detectors of $2"{\times}2"$ NaI(Tl) scintillation counter (Eberline, SP-3) were used for this study. Under the given conditions(the distance between two sources: 4D(D; inner diameter), N/S ratio: $0.12{\sim}0.15$, sampling time ${\Delta}t$: 4msec), the measured flow rates showed the maximum. relative error of 1.7 % when compared to the real ones through the vapor content corrections($6.1\;%{\sim}9.2\;%$). From a subsequent experiment, it was proven that the closer the distance between the two sealed sources is, the more precise the measured flow rates are. Provided additional studies related to the selection of radioisotopes their activity, and an optimization of the experimental geometry are carried out, it is anticipated that a radioisotope application for flow rate measurements can be used as an important tool for monitoring multi-phase facilities belonging to petrochemical and refinery industries and contributes economically in the light of maintenance and control of them.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
• /
• no.43
• /
• pp.79-120
• /
• 2021

Nagyangchun is a Dangak that has been handed down to the present time with Boheoja as a Saak of the Song Dynasty which was introduced in the Goryeo Dynasty. The title and lyrics of Nagyangchun are conveyed in the Dangakjo of Goryeosa-akji and the Jeungbomunheonbigo. The remaining scores containing Nagyangchun include Akjangyoram, Sogagwonbo Vol.4 and Vol.6 of the Joseon Dynasty and Aakbu-akbo, the 6th Aaksaeng-gyogwacheol, Leewangjikaakbu-oseonakbo during the Japanese colonial period. Besides, the current melody of Nagyangchun is based on Hangugeumak and Gugakjeonjib published by the National Gugak Center. This paper aims to examine how Nagyangchun, which is currently being performed at the National Gugak Center, went through the process of change to have the same structure and form as it is now using these scores as a research subject. The study results are summarized as follows. First, the song of Nagyangchun, which was originally Saak but transmitted as an instrumental piece without lyrics, first appeared in the Hangugeumak Vol.16 and Gugakjeonjib Vol.7 published by the National Gugak Center in 1978 and 1979. In this process, the Janggu added by Kim Ki-soo is now disappearing and is replaced by Jwago. Second, though the five notes of 黃, 太, 仲, 林, and 南 have been maintained unchanged since the Akjangyoram, the pitch of 無/應 and 夾/姑, which appear once each, gradually rises and is unified into 應 and 姑 during the period of Aaksaeng-gyogwacheol or at the latest Leewangjikaakbu-oseonakbo, and reached the present. Third, the current melody of Nagyangchun consists of a structure in which the tones and range of each phrase rises within the form of Mijeonsa (a·b·c·d) and Mihusa (e·b'·c'·d'). Particularly, except for the a-type and e-type melodies, which are the introduction for the Mijeonsa and Mihusa, the remaining melodic types show a gradually descending structure within the corresponding phrase, so the structure of ascending and descending is generally in harmony. Forth, the Ganeum that appeared from Aakbu-akbo are currently classified into seven types, and they appear in ascending pitches of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th and play a role in smoothly or fluently connecting melodic progression. Fifth, after Akjangyoram, Nagyangchun, which had been handed down as an instrumental piece without lyrics, was restored in 1960 by Lee Hye-gu, and is being passed down as the form of male and female vocals added to the instrumental accompaniment. As a result of examining the current Nagyangchun, which was formed through the process of change after Akjangyoram, it was found that there were tasks that required reconsideration of the current Nagyangchun, which is being played at the National Gugak Center, such as the arrangement of Janggu, the identification of the key, and the investigation of the lyrics. When follow-up studies are continued in the future, it will be able to contribute to the cultural transmission of Nagyangchun.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.731-740
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate a quality comparison between Chuncheon Dakgalbi made from Korean native chickens (KNC) and that made from commercial broilers. Two Korean native chickens including Woorimatdag (KNCWoori) and Hanhyup3 (KNC-Hanhyup), and two commercial broilers including grades of 18 (Broiler-18) and 13 (Broiler-13) were slaughtered at 110, 70, 38, and 31 d of ages. Chuncheon dalkalbi was prepared by mixing/dipping the meat in chili pepper sauce; it was then packed with air-packaging (Air-P) and 30% $CO_2$-MAP (0% $O_2$/30% $CO_2$/70% $N_2$), and stored at $5^{\circ}C$ for 10 d. The results showed that the KNC group had a lower pH but a higher cooking loss compared with the broiler group (p<0.05). In a texture analysis, KNC-Woori had the highest shear force value among the breeds (p<0.05). For the fatty acid composition of the thigh, the KNC-Woori contained more total saturated acids, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, but less total unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid and linolenic acid than other breeds (p<0.05). Also, the n6/n3 ratios of the KNC group (19.24 and 16.77) were higher than those of the broiler group (14.02 and 14.77) (p<0.05). The total acceptability scores of Dakgalbi made from the KNC group were decreased by sensory panelists. The Dakgalbi with 30% $CO_2$-MAP delayed the protein deterioration (Volatile basic nitrogen) and lipid oxidation during storage. However, no clear evidence was observed of $CO_2$-MAP on the effect of different chicken materials. It is suggested that 30% $CO_2$-MAP instead of Air-P is used for methods for Chuncheon Dakgalbi. Furthermore, it might be unfavorable to use Korean native chickens as raw material for Chuncheon Dakgalbi from a practical quality point of view.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.105-117
• /
• 2018

This study conducted health assessment and multivariate vegetation analysis using the riparian vegetation index in 30 sites of the Geumgang mainstream and Mihocheon to obtain practical data on the river management of the Geumgang. The result showed that the number of plant communities was 54. The flora was 75 families, 185 genera, 243 species, 2 subspecies, 21 varieties, 2 varieties, and 268 taxa. The riparian vegetation index was 38.3 (3.3; G-D1 ~ 66.7; G-U2, G-U4, and G-M3), and the health of the rivers in this area was evaluated as normal (grade C). The health of rivers was the highest in the upper stream of Geumgang mainstream and lowest in the downstream of Geumgang mainstream. The relationship between riparian vegetation index and chlorophyll-a content was low. The riparian vegetation was divided into five groups of Digitaria ciliaris colony group, Salix gracilistyla colony group, Erigeron annuus colony group, the group dominated by Humulus japonicus, Salix koreensis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, and Phragmites japonica colonies, and the group dominated by Conyza canadensis and Echinochloa crusgalli var. echinata colonies. They had the similar health conditions. The CCA analysis showed that the environmental factors affecting the distribution of vegetation were physical factors such as vegetation area, artificial structure area, waterway area, branch width, channel width, and bank height and the biological factors such as the number of species. As such, it is necessary to maintain the health condition through continuous monitoring where the health condition is high and to apply active measures such as ecological restoration where the health condition is low.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.42 no.5 s.305
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 2005

According as base of digital hologram has been magnified, discussion of compression technology is expected as a international standard which defines the compression technique of 3D image and video has been progressed in form of 3DAV which is a part of MPEG. As we can identify in case of 3DAV, the coding technique has high possibility to be formed into the hybrid type which is a merged, refined, or mixid with the various previous technique. Therefore, we wish to present the relationship between various image/video coding techniques and digital hologram In this paper, we propose an efficient coding method of digital hologram using standard compression tools for video and image. At first, we convert fringe patterns into video data using a principle of CGH(Computer Generated Hologram), and then encode it. In this research, we propose a compression algorithm is made up of various method such as pre-processing for transform, local segmentation with global information of object image, frequency transform for coding, scanning to make fringe to video stream, classification of coefficients, and hybrid video coding. Finally the proposed hybrid compression algorithm is all of these methods. The tool for still image coding is JPEG2000, and the toots for video coding include various international compression algorithm such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4, and H.264 and various lossless compression algorithm. The proposed algorithm illustrated that it have better properties for reconstruction than the previous researches on far greater compression rate above from four times to eight times as much. Therefore we expect that the proposed technique for digital hologram coding is to be a good preceding research.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.75-87
• /
• 2012

Hyporheic zone is a region beneath and alongside a stream, river, or lake bed, where there is mixing of shallow groundwater and surfacewater. Hyporheic exchange controls a variety of physical, biogeochemical and thermal processes, and provides unique ecotones in a aquatic ecosystem. Field and experimental observations, and modeling studies indicate that hyporheic exchange is mainly in response to pressure gradients driven by the geomorphological features of stream beds. In the reach scale of a stream, pool-riffle structures dominate the exchange patterns. Flow over a pool-riffle sequence develops recirculation zones and stagnation points, and this flow structures make irregular pressure gradient which is driving force of the hyporheic exchange. In this study, 3 D hydro-dynamic model solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations for the surface water and Darcy's Law and the continuity equation for ground water. The two sets of equations are coupled via the pressure distribution along the interface. Simulation results show that recirculation zones and stagnation points in the pool-riffle structures dominantly control the upwelling and downwelling patterns. With decrease of recirculation zones, length of donwelling zone formed in front of riffles is reduced and position of maximum downwelling point moves downward. The numerical simulation could successfully predict the behavior of hyporheic exchange and contribute the field study, river management and restoration.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.857-869
• /
• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate whether rats with non-obstructive antral dilation could be a useful tool resembling functional dyspeptic patients. We also investigated the effect of Bojoongikki-tang (BJ), and Youngkaechulgam-tang (YK) in antral dilated rats. Methods : Non-obstructive antral dilation was performed by first wrapping a non-absorbable rubber ring (D:6mm, W:4mm, T:1mm) around the 1st portion of the duodenum causing pyloric obstruction (PO). After 12 weeks, except for some PO group rats used for the control, the rubber ring was removed by performing another operation. The antral dilated rats (AD) were then divided into three groups, a non-treatment group (AD-NT), and two herbal medicine groups each given an extract solution containing 125 mg/kg of Youngkaechulgam-tang (AD-YK) or Bojoongikki-tang (AD-BJ) for 4 weeks. Then gastric contractility was evaluated by bowel sound measurement, and afterwards the changes of the weight, and morphologic changes of the stomach were evaluated for each group including the normal intact group (NI). Results : Loss of weight and enlargement of the stomach surface area was seen in the PO group. Decrease of gastric motility index was observed in the AD-NT group, while the increased surface area of the stomach was not significantly different from the PO group. Youngkaechulgam-tang seemed to increase gastric contraction, whereas Bojoongikki-tang showed no effect. Weight gain of rats was observed in both the AD-YK and AD-BJ groups, but there seemed to be no change of the dilated stomach surface area. Conclusions : The non-obstructive antral dilated rat seems to be an experimental pathologic model that reflects the gastric dysmotility similar to functional dyspeptic patients with antral dilation. Therefore patients with dysmotility-like dyspepsia with antral function disorders should be treated efficiently. As Youngkaechulgam-tang is shown to increase both gastric contraction and weight in antral dilated rats, it may be used for treating functional dyspepsia. However, Bojoongikki-tang should be used with caution in patients with gastric dysmotility.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2019

This study was performed to select the effective plant for phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated areas. After cultivation of fifteen Compositae plants on soil contaminated with heavy metals for 8 weeks, the growth response and accumulation ability of each parts for heavy metal, such as arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc were analyzed. Except Adiantum capillus-veneris, growth of Aster incisus, Coreopsis drumondii), Dendranthema indicum, Saussurea pulchella were relatively fine. Arsenic accumulation ability was the highest by Artemisia gmelini ($25.52mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ DW) in underground part, and D. sichotense ($3.35mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) in aerial part. Cadmium was the highest by Aster magnus ($2.50mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) in aerial part. Aerial and underground part of S. pulchella showed the highest copper accumulation (24.29, $99.92mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$). In lead, 1.43 (A. magnus)${\sim}5.00mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ (S. deltoides) were accumulated in aerial part among fifteen Compositae plants. Aster hayatae ($140.09mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$), Aster yomena ($109.07mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$), A. magnus ($100.21mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) are absorbed more than $100mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ of Zinc. Therefore, they are considered to be phytoremediation material of zinc contaminated areas.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.122-137
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to present the characteristics of tree growth and the status of the ecosystem in Yeongdeok Docheon-ri Docheon forest, which was designated as Natural Monument No. 514. Results showed that most of the soil properties were generally within desirable levels except for some properties. The forest was composed of 503 trees. Major trees included Zelkova serrata, Celtis sinensis, Cornus walteri, Diospyros lotus, Hemiptelea davidii, and Evodia daniellii. In particular, trees such as Zelkova serrata, Celtis sinensis, and Cornus walteri showed D.B.H ranging from 10cm to 70cm. These trees appeared to be major tree species since the beginning of Docheon forest's existence. The wild birds observed from the site were from 18 families, 20 species, and 95 individuals. Also were found 1 mammal species, 1 reptile species, and 1 amphibian species. A dead Aix galericulata (designated Natural Monument No. 327) was found in the forest. The annual tree diameter growth of the sample trees was 2.3mm per year on average. The average age of the overstory trees was approximately 101 years, and the oldest tree was estimated to be 300~400 years old.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.107-120
• /
• 2005

To study the development of solid waste compost to use sewage sludge and paper mill sludge for reclaiming damage soil in forest, the changes of temperature, moisture, chemical properties, heavy metals and harmful compound during the aerobic decomposition were investigated, and the compost decomposition of final products investigated the round paper chromatography method and G.I(Germination index) value. The results were summarized as follows. Temperature was changed a little during early 5days because of air temperature too low. That was rapidly increased to over $50^{\circ}C$ at 4days after first turning and then decreased gradually fallen to $40{\sim}50^{\circ}C$ at 15days after aerobic decomposition in A and C treatments. The second turning was conducted at 18 days after aerobic decomposition, and then the temperature was little changed. At the compare first with terminal product, The moisture content was decreased all treatments but the change was little in A and B treatments. pH was decreased to below 1 in all treatments. EC was increased to below 5dS/m. The content of total carbon, C/N ratio, $NH_4{^+}-N$ were decreased with 4~7%, below 8 and below 500mg/kg in all treatments, respectively. The content of total nitrogen, $NO_3{^-}-N$, CEC were increased with below 0.5%, below 173mg/kg and over $30cmol^+/kg$ in all treatments, respectively. The content of heavy metals and harmful compound were similar during aerobic decomposition and suited to standard of 가 grade in all treatments. The result of round paper chromatography method and G.I. value, The C treatment concluded well aerobic decomposition. Especially, the G.I. value in C treatment was 64.1 and 66.2 at cabbage and grass, respectively.