• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1359-1371
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to compare two avatars made using direct and manual methods and to evaluate the fit and appearance of two virtual garments on the direct and manual avatars. In this study, two subjects were measured by $[TC]^2$ body scanner and the avatars and virtual garments were created by OptiTex software. The direct avatar was made by the direct importation of 3D body scan data and the manual avatar was made by manual input from extracted body measurement. Two virtual garments in a tank-top were evaluated by distance, transparency, and stretch maps. In the results of comparing difference of the direct and manual avatars, the bust and back of the manual avatar are protruded slightly more than that of the direct avatar and the manual avatar is slightly larger dimensions at the bust, waist, abdomen, and hip area in the side view in case of subject 1 and 2. In the results of comparing difference of the fit and appearance of two virtual garments on the direct and manual avatars, in case of subject 1 and 2, the back of the virtual garment on the manual avatar are protruded more than that of the direct avatar. Also, the ease in the bust area of the virtual garment on the manual avatar with a projected bust area was smaller than that of the virtual garment on the direct avatar and the stretch of that of the manual avatar was also high in the bust area. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic information in the apparel industry using virtual try-on technology.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.37-52
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• 2006

This study was designed to analyze the three-dimensional shapes of Hanbok Chima made with various fabrics and to clarify the relationship between fabric properties as well as the objective and subjective evaluations of the 3D shape. For 3D shape data, a dress form (9A2 (N; nude)) was scanned with eight Chima garments made with the same number of fabrics. The scanner used was a non-contact three-dimensional human body measuring system belonging to Bunka Women's University in Japan. Data concerning the objective evaluation of the 3D shape was obtained from the measurements of the vertical and horizontal sections: those for subjective evaluation were through the sensory test after exposure to photographs from a front and side view. Four fabric factors were extracted from fabric physical properties: softness, extension, thickness of threads, and weight of fabric. Such factors as expansion (volume), sag of rear train, shape of nodes were influential in explaining the 3D shape of Hanbok Chima. From the analysis of the 3D shape, it can be deduced that with the constituent fabric stiffer, lighter, and less stretchable, the more expanded the 3D shape appeared to be. Multiple regression results showed that vertical shape factors have a greater effect on the evaluation of the 3D shape. It also implies that dependent variables of this study such as the subjective evaluation and 3D shape can be derived from regression equations on independent variables as fabric property factors or 3D shape factors. These results can enable the manufacturers to predict the 3D shape of the garment as well as the human subjective assessment to improve the efficacy of production. The investigation method proposed in this study can also be applicable to other garment items.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.799-808
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• 2013

Previous research reported that body size measured as Body Mass Index (BMI) and body shape measured as waist-hip-ratio (WHR) are two essential factors that form the perceptions of body attractiveness. However, the debate on the importance of BMI versus WHR is ongoing. In addition, scholarly articles, that focus on the role of geographic and cultural variability on perceptions of attractiveness, report inconsistent results. Some suggested that according to globalization and the rise of mass media, geographic variability of perceptions of attractiveness have been altered, while others believed that it remains. This study cross-regionally investigates the role of body size and body shape on the perceptions of female attractiveness. Samples were composed of 107 female college students in Alabama and 107 female college students in California. Participants viewed 27 three-dimensional body scan images of women in three body shapes (pear, hourglass, and rectangle) and three body sizes (underweight, normal weight, and overweight) and rated their perceptions of attractiveness. Images were shown to students in a random order with an overhead projector and Microsoft Office PowerPoint software. A three-way mixed-ANOVA was conducted to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that some regional differences exist between the two sample groups. However, regardless of the regional difference, hourglass shapes were perceived to be the most attractive shape and underweight sizes were perceived to be the most attractive size for both samples.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.47-65
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• 2017

This study is intended to compare an actual wedding dress being made completely through 3D software, and compare it with an actual dress of a real model by using collective tools for comparative analysis. The method of the study was conducted via a literature review along with the production of the dresses. In the production, two wedding dresses for the small wedding ceremony were designed. Each of the design was made into both 3D and an actual garment. The results are as follows. First, the 3D whole body scanner reflects the measure of the exact human body size, however there were some difficulties in matching what the customer wanted, because the difference of the skin color and the hair style. Second, the pattern of the dress is much more easily altered than it was in the real production. Third, the silhouette of the virtual and the actual person with the dress was nearly the same. Fourth, textile tool was much more convenient because of the use of real-time rendering on the virtual dresses. Lastly, the lace and biz decoration were flat, and the luster was duller than in reality. Prospectively, the consumer will decide their own design of variety through the use of the avatar without wearing the actual dresses, and they would demand what the another one desired, different from the presented ones by making the corrections by themselves. Through this process, the consumer would be actively participating in the design, a step which would finally lead to the two way designing rather than the one way design of present times.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2015

SPECT를 이용한 환자의 검사 시 몸 안에서 방출되는 ${\gamma}$-선은 감쇠 또는 산란 등의 현상이 일어나며, 검출기에 도달할 때 조준기의 물리적 특성과 기학적인 모양에 따라 퍼지는 현상이 발생하여 정량분석이 불가능하였다. 체내에서 방출되는 ${\gamma}$-선의 정확한 정량분석을 위해서는 반드시 부분용적효과에 대한 보정이 고려되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 SPECT의 종합적인 부분용적효과를 해결하기 위하여 Sinogram Filter를 구현하였다. 구현된 Filter를 적용하여 실험을 한 결과, SPECT에서 발생되는 부분용적효과를 제거하였다. 기존방법과 제안한 방법을 비교하기 위하여 PSNR을 시행한 결과 제안한 방법으로 한 경우 PSNR은 7 dB, 기존방법은 14 dB로 나왔다. 제안한 방법의 dB이 낮아진 이유는 산란선 제거를 많이 하여 MSE가 높아지기 때문에 PSNR값이 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 제안한 방법을 적용한다면 SPECT 영상의 부분용적효과를 제거하여 영상의 질이 좋아질 것이다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2020

목적: Encoded healing abutment와 scan body를 이용한 디지털 인상과 pick-up 인상용 코핑을 이용한 인상 채득법의 정확도를 다른 임플란트 식립 각도에서 비교 연구하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 3D 프린터를 이용해 주모형을 제작하고 0°, 10° 및 20°의 근심경사로 3개의 임플란트를 위치 시켰다. 각각의 임플란트에 지대주를 체결하고 주모형을 스캔하여 참조 모델을 만들었다. P군 모델은 pick-up 인상용 코핑을 사용하여 15개의 석고 모형을 만들고 지대주를 장착 후 스캔하여 제작하였다. E군과 S군의 모델은 각각 encoded healing abutment와 scan body를 주모형에 체결하고 구내 스캐너를 이용해 15회씩 인상채득을 하여 제작하였다. 각각의 실험군 STL 파일은 best fit alignment를 이용해 참조 모델과 중첩하였고 root mean square (RMS) 값을 분석하였다. 결과: RMS 값은 P군에서 가장 작았고(25.56 ± 2.53 ㎛), 그다음 S군(35.27 ± 2.56 ㎛), E군(38.29 ± 4.12 ㎛) 순 이었다. S군과 E군 사이에는 유의차가 없었고, P군은 S군과 E군 보다 작았다(P < 0.05). 임플란트 각도와 RMS 값의 상관관계는 E군에서 유의하였다(P < 0.05). 결론:Pick-up 인상용 코핑 방법은 encoded healing abutment와 scan body 인상 채득 방법에 비해 더 높은 정확도를 보였고 encoded healing abutment와 scan body 인상 방법은 정확도에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. Encoded healing abutment의 임상적 사용은 가능하나 경사진 임플란트의 인상의 경우 주의하여 사용해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.14-29
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• 2006

치과교정영역에서 컴퓨터기술의 발달로 안면 경조직 및 연조직의 3차원적인 분석이 가능해졌으며 이에 따라 교정환자의 진단과 치료계획 및 치료 후에 연조직의 3차원적인 평가가 가능하게 되었다. 그러나 안면 연조직의 3차원적 분석을 위한 표준화된 기준이 없고 임상적용이 가능한 진단 프로그램은 아직 없는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 3차원 진단 시 유용한 안면 연조직 계측점들의 3차원 계측치(X, Y, Z)를 제시하고, 이를 이용하여 설정된 길이, 각도 및 비율의 정상치를 제시하고자 한다. 3차원 촬영 기구로 비접촉식 3차원 레이저 스캐너를 이용하였으며, 한국 성인 정상교합 자 남녀 각각 30명(남자평균 20.1세, 여자평균 21.7세)을 연구대상으로 하였다. Rapidform 2004 프로그램(Inus Technology Inc., Seoul, Korea)으로 3차원 영상을 만든 후 3차원 입체영상에 soft tissue nasion을 원점으로 하는 좌표계(X축-좌우, Y축-상하, Z축-전후)를 설정하고, 29개의 계측점을 지정한 후 거리계측 45개 항목, 각도 8개 항목, 거리비율 29개 항목을 분석하였다. 각각의 계측점의 3차원 좌표(X, Y, Z)를 구하였으며 이를 바탕으로 각각의 계측항목을 계산하여 표준화하였다. 특히, 각도항목에서 transverse upper lip prominence (Ch(Rt)-ULPm-Ch(Lt))는 남자 $107^{\circ}$, 여자 $106^{\circ}$였고, transverse mandibular prominence (Go'(Rt)-Pog'-Go'(Lt))는 남녀 모두 $76^{\circ}$였다. Naso frontal angle (G-N'-Pn)은 남자 $142^{\circ}$, 여자 $147^{\circ}$, transverse nasal prominence (Zy(Rt)-Pn-Zy(Lt))는 남자 $112^{\circ}$, 여자 $116^{\circ}$로 남녀 간에 통계학적으로 유의차가 있었다 (p<0.05). 하안면고경 하방 2/3 (Li-Me')와 하악체길이(Go'-Me'), 입술고경(ULPm-Li)과 폭경(Ch(Rt)-Ch(Lt))의 비율은 각각 2/5로 나타났다. 관상기준평면에서 안면의 윤곽을 나타내는 계측점인 FT, Zy, Pn, ULPm, Li, Me'까지의 거리의 비는 -1/-1/1/0.5/0.5/-0.6였다. 또한 얻어진 자료를 이용하여 한국 성인 정상교합자의 3차원 안면 모델을 제작하였으며 이는 교정진단 또는 치료결과 비교 시 template로 활용될 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2009

To inspect the quality of data collected from a large-scale body measurement and investigation project, it is necessary to establish a proper data editing process. The three-dimensional body measurement may have measuring errors caused from measurer's proficiency or changes in the subject's posture. And it may also have errors caused in the process of algorithm expressing the information obtained from the three-dimensional scanner into numerical values, and in the course of data-processing dealing with numerous data for individuals. When those errors are found, the quality of the measured data is deteriorated, and they consequently reduce the quality of statistics which was conducted on the basis of it. Therefore this study intends to suggest a new way to improve the quality of the data collected from the three-dimensional body measurement by proposing a working procedure identifying data errors and correcting them from the whole data processing procedure-collecting, processing, and analyzing- of the 2004 Size Korea Three-dimensional Body Measurement Project. This study was carried out into three stages: Firstly, we detected erroneous data by examining of logical relations among variables under each edit rule. Secondly, we detected suspicious data through independent examination of individual variable value by sex and age. Finally, we examined scatter-plot matrix of many variables to consider the relationships among them. This simple graphical tool helps us to find out whether some suspicious data exist in the data set or not. As a result of this study, we detected some erroneous data included in the raw data. We figured out that the main errors are not because of the system errors that the three-dimensional body measurement system has but because of the subject's original three-dimensional shape data. Therefore by correcting some erroneous data, we have enhanced data quality.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2019

로봇을 적용한 자동화 생산 라인에서 로봇 셋업 시 시뮬레이션을 통한 Off-Line Programming(OLP)과 로봇 캘리브레이션은 작업 시간을 단축하고 양산 전부터 생산 품질을 관리하기 위해 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 상용 3D 스캐너를 사용하여 생산 라인의 CAD 데이터와 현장의 3차원 측정 스캔 데이터를 정합하는 로봇 캘리브레이션 방법을 개발하였다. 제안한 방법은 Iterative Closest Point(ICP) 알고리즘을 통해 두 개의 3차원 점군 데이터를 정합하여 로봇을 교정한다. 정합은 3단계로 수행한다. 먼저 CAD 데이터로부터 3개의 평면으로 연결된 꼭짓점을 특징점으로 추출한다. 추출한 특징점 주변에 위치한 스캔 점군데이터로부터 평면을 재구성하여 대응하는 특징점을 생성한다. 마지막으로 ICP 알고리즘을 통해 추출한 특징점들 간의 거리를 최소화하여 위치 변환 행렬을 계산한다. 자동차 차체 조립라인의 스팟용접 로봇 설치에 제안한 방법을 적용한 결과 스팟용접에서 일반적으로 요구하는 정밀도 1.5mm 수준으로 로봇의 위치 및 자세를 캘리브레이션 할 수 있었으며, 기존에 레이저 트래커를 사용하면 로봇 한 대당 5시간 이상 소요되던 셋업 시간은 40분 이내로 단축할 수 있었다. 개발한 시스템을 사용하면 차체 스팟 용접에 필요한 정밀도를 유지하면서 자동차 차체 조립 라인의 OLP 작업시간을 단축하여, 로봇 정밀 티칭 시간을 단축하여, 생산제품의 품질 향상 및 불량률을 최소화할 수 있다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.485-491
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the wearing fitness of middle aged women's jacket with non-Stretchable Fabric and stretchable fabric. We surveyed the size of jackets and process of pattern making with stretchable fabric in companies which produce the clothing mainly for middle aged women. Based upon the result of process of pattern making, two kind of experimental jacket with non-stretchable and stretchable fabric were made. We measured space length between body and garment using 3D scanner and analyzed the clothing pressure 7 parts of body with 3 kinds of arm raising. The result were as follows : 1. Most parts of space length except bust were higher in non-stretchable jacket than in stretchable jacket. 2. Clothing pressure showed greater value with non-stretchable fabric jacket than with stretchable fabric jacket. Clothing pressure in upper arm point areas increased as the angle of the arm raising increased. Therefore, the sleeve width and armhole depth should he considered when the amount of wearing ease were reduced in jacket with stretchable fabric.