Browse > Article

A study of facial soft tissue of Korean adults with normal occlusion using a three-dimensional laser scanner  

Baik, Hyoung-Seon (Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University)
Jeon, Jai-Min (Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University)
Lee, Hwa-Jin (Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University)
Publication Information
The korean journal of orthodontics / v.36, no.1, 2006 , pp. 14-29 More about this Journal
Abstract
Developments in computer technology have made possible the 3-dimensional (3-D) evaluation of hard and soft tissues in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning and post-treatment results. In this study, Korean adults with normal occlusion (male 30, female 30) were scanned by a 3-D laser scanner, then 3-D facial images formed by the Rapidform 2004 program (Inus Technology Inc., Seoul, Korea.). Reference planes in the facial soft tissue 3-D images were established and a 3-D coordinate system (X axis-left/right, Y axis-superior/inferior, Z axis-anterior/posterior) was established by using the soft tissue nasion as the zero point. Twenty-nine measurement points were established on the 3-D image and 43 linear measurements, 8 angular measurements, 29 linear distance ratios were obtained. The results are as follows; there were significant differences between males and females in the nasofrontal angle $(male:\;142^{\circ},\;female:\;147^{\circ})$ and transverse nasal prominence $(male:\;112^{\circ},\;female:\;116^{\circ})$ (p<0.05). The transverse upper lip prominence was $107^{\circ}$ in males, $106^{\circ}$ in females and the transverse mandibular prominence was $76^{\circ}$ in both males and females. Li-Me' was 0.4 times the length of Go-Me'(mandibular body length) and the mouth height was also 0.4 times the width of the mouth width. The linear distance ratio from the coronal reference plane of FT, Zy, Pn, ULPm, Li, Me' was -1/-1/1/0.5/0.5/-0.6 respectively. The 3-D facial model of Korean adults with normal occlusion were be constructed using coordinate values and linear measurement values. These data may be used as a reference in 3-D diagnosis and treatment planning for malocclusion and dentofacial deformity patients and applied for 3-D analysis of facial soft tissue changes before and after orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery.
Keywords
3-D laser scanner; 3-D coordinate system; Facial proportion; 3-D facial model;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Grayson B, Cutting C, Bookstein FL, Kim H, McCarthy JG. The three dimensional cephalogram: theory, technique, and clinical application. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1988:94:327-37   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Schmitz JH, Miani A Jr, Serrao G. A three dimensional computerized mesh diagram analysis and its application in soft tissue facial morphometry. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998:114:404-13   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Arnett GW, Jelic JS, Kim J, Cummings DR, Beress A, Worley M, et al. Soft tissue cephalometric analysis: Diagnosis and treatment planning of dentofacial deformity, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999:116:239-53   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Kusnoto B, Evans CA. Reliability of a 3D surface laser scanner for orthodontic applications. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;122:342-8   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Tartaglia G, Barbini E, Michielon G. New television technique for natural head and body posture analysis. Cranio 1995;13:247-55
6 Farkas LG. Examination. In: Farkas LG editor. Anthropometry of the head and face. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press: 1994. p. 3-56
7 Ricketts RM. Perspectives in the clinical application of cephalometries. Angle Orthod 1981:51:115-50
8 Blackith RE. Theoretical and mathematical biology. New York: Blaisdell; 1965. p, 225-49
9 The Korean Association of Orthodontists. Lateral cephalometric analysis of Korean adult normal samples. Seoul: Korea; 1997
10 Aung SC, Ngim RC, Lee ST. Evaluation of the laser scanner as a surface measuring tool and its accuracy compared with direct facial anthropometric measurements. Br J Plast Surg 1995;48:551-8   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Cooke MS. Wei SH. A summary five factor cephalometric analysis based on natural head posture and the true horizontal. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1988:93:213-23   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Poggio CE, Serrao G. Facial three dimensional morphometry. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996;109:86-93   DOI   ScienceOn
13 한수연. 3차원 CT영상을 이용한 정상교합자의 안면 연조직 분석. 연세대학교 석사학위 논문 2003
14 Halazonetis DJ. Acquisition of 3-dimensional shapes from images. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;119:566-60
15 Soncul M, Bamber MA. The reproducibility of the head position for a laser scan using a novel morphometric analysis for orthognathic surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000:29:86-90   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Zylinski CG, Nanda RS, Kapila S. Analysis of soft tissue facial profile in white males. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1992;101:514-8   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Poggio CE, Tartaglia G. Distance from symmetry: a three dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994;52:1126-32   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Baumrind S, Moffit F, Curry S. The geometry of three dimensional measurement from paired coplanar x-ray images. Am J Orthod 1983:84:313-22   DOI   ScienceOn
19 이화진. 3차원 레이저 스캔을 이용한 안면 연조직 분석의 계측점 제안. 연세대학교 석사학위 논문 2003
20 Peck S, Peck L, Kataja M. Skeletal asymmetry in esthetically pleasing faces. Angle Orthod 1991;61:43-8
21 Broadbent BH. A new x-ray technique and its application to orthodontia. Angle Orthod 1931;1:45-66