• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.382-391
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• 2016

인지기능 활성을 가진 생약복합물을 선정하여 최적조성물을 조제한 다음, 생약복합물의 첨가비율을 달리하여 치매유도 동물모델에서 항산화 효과와 인지기능 개선을 확인한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 20일간 사육한 흰쥐 혈청의 GOT, GPT, creatinine 및 BUN 활성을 측정한 결과, 생약복합물을 투여한 군(3, 4군)이 정상군(1군)에 비해 GOT 농도는 감소하였고, GPT 농도와 Creatinine 농도는 유의적인 차이는 없었다. BUN 농도는 정상군(1군)에 비해 생약복합물을 투여한 군(3, 4군)이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 2. 혈액 중의 총 콜레스테롤과 HDL-cholesterol은 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 중성지방은 전군에서 정상군(1군)에 비해 치매유발군인 2군이 낮았고, 생약복합물 투여군(3, 4군), 치매치료군(5군)은 가장 낮았으며, 이들 군 간에는 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 3. 혈액 SOD 활성은 정상군(1군), TMT 투여군(2군) 및 tacrine 투여군(5군) 간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 생약복합물 투여군(3, 4군)이 다소 높아 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.05). MDA 함량은 정상군인 1군과 치매치료군인 5군이 치매유발군인 2군과 생약복합물 투여군(3, 4군)에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며, 2, 3, 4군 간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 4. AChE 활성은 TMT로 치매를 유발한 2군이 가장 높았으며, 치매치료군(5군)은 정상군(1군)의 수준으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 그리고 생약복합물을 투여한 3군, 4군에서는 유의적 차이는 없으나, TMT로 치매를 유발한 2군보다는 유의적으로 감소하였고(p<0.05), 치매치료군인 5군보다는 다소 높게 나타났다. 5. 단기기억능력을 시험하기 위한 Y-maze를 실시한 결과는 Y-maze의 각 arm을 통과한 총 횟수는 전군에서 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 교차행동력은 TMT 투여군인 2군이 가장 낮았으며, 치매치료제인 tacrine을 투여한 5군이 가장 높아 5군(tacrine 투여)은 TMT 투여군인 2군에 비해 약 125% 현저한 기억력 증가를 보였다. 이에 반해 생약복합물 투여한 2, 3군은 정상군과 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, TMT 투여군인 2군에 비해 각각 117.32%와 120.38% 수준으로 기억력 증가를 보였다. 장기기억능력을 시험하기 위한 수동회피실험의 결과, TMT 투여군(2군)은 전군에서 가장 낮았으나, 생약복합물 중, 고용량 투여군(3, 4군) 및 tacrine 투여군은 증가하였고, 특히 고용량(4군)에서 유의성 있는 증가를 나타내어(p<0.05) 정상군에 가깝게 회복시켜 주는 경향을 보여 주었다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 생약복합물은 치매 유발 동물모델의 항산화능의 저하를 억제하고, AChE 활성을 억제하여 ACh의 활성을 촉진하므로 장 단기 기억능력의 회복 및 개선효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 향후 생약복합물의 농도에 따른 첨가군을 확대하여 인지기능 개선에 가장 효과적인 최적농도를 도출하는 연구가 계속 진행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국축산식품학회 2004년도 정기총회 및 제33차 춘계 학술대회
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• pp.89-119
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• 2004

This study was conducted to isolate lactobacilli having probiotic characteristics to be used as health adjuncts with fermented milk products. Acid tolerant strains were selected in Lactobacilli MRS broth adjusted to pH 4.0 from 80 healthy persons (infants, children and adults). And bile tolerant strains were examined in Lactobacilli MRS broth in which 1.0% bile salt was added. By estimation above characteristics, the strains No. 27, which was isolated from adult feces, was selected and identified as Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius based on carbohydrate fermentation and 16S rDNA sequencing. It was used as a probiotic strain in fermented milk products. The pH of fermented milk decreased from pH 6.7 to 5.0 and titratable acidity increased from 0.3% to 1.0% by L. salivarius subsp. salivarius (isolation strain 20, 35, and 37), when incubated for 36 h at $37^{\circ}C$. The number of viable cell counts of fermented milk was maximized at this incubation condition. The SDS-PAGE evidenced no significant change of casein but distinct changes of whey protein were observed by isolated L. salivarius subsp. salivarius for titratable acidity being incubated by $0.9{\sim}1.0%$ at $37^{\circ}C$. All of the strains produced 83.43 to 131.96 mM of lactic acid and 5.39 to 26.85 mM of isobutyric acid in fermented products. The in vitro culture experiment was performed to evaluate ability to reduce cholesterol levels and antimicrobial activity in the growth medium. The selected L. salivarius subsp. salivarius reduced $23{\sim}38%$ of cholesterol content in lactobacilli MRS broth during bacterial growth for 24 hours at $37^{\circ}C$. All of the isolated L. salivarius subsp. salivarius had an excellent antibacterial activity with $15{\sim}25$ mm of inhibition zone to E. coli KCTC1039, S. enteritidis KCCM3313, S. typhimurium M-15, and S. typhimurium KCCM40253 when its pH had not been adjusted. Also, all of the isolated L. salivarius subsp. salivarius had partial inhibition zone to E. coli KCTC1039, E. coli KCTC0115 and S. enteritidis KCCM3313 when it had been adjusted to pH 5.7. The selected strains were determined to have resistances of twelve antibiotic. Strains 27 and 35 among the L. salivarius subsp. salivarius showed the highest resistance to the antibiotics. Purified ${\alpha}$-galactosidase was obtained by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 ion exchange chromatography, Mono-Q ion exchange chromatography and HPLC column chromatography from L. salivarius subsp. salivarius 27. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 8,994 units/mg protein, representing an 17.09 folds purification of the original cell crude extract. The molecular weight of enzyme was identified about 53,000 dalton by 12% SDS-PAGE. Optimal temperature and pH for activity of this enzyme were $40^{\circ}C$ and 7.0 respectively. The enzyme was found to be stable between 25 and $50^{\circ}C$. ${\alpha}$-galactosidase activity was lost rapidly below pH 5.0 and above pH 9.0. This enzyme was liberated galactose from melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose, and also the hydrolysis rate of substrate was compound by HPLC. These results indicated that some of the L. salivarius subsp. salivarius (strain 27 and 35) are considered as effective probiotic strains with a potential for industrial applications, but the further study is needed to establish their use as probiotics in vivo.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2005

1996년도에 서울${\cdot}$경기지역 소재의 재래시장과 백화점에서 판매되고 있던 계육과 계란을 구입하여 각종 미생물학적 위생실태를 조사하였다. 먼저 계육을 구입처에 따라 구분하고 총균수, 대장균군수와 포도상구군수를 산정하여 오염도를 비교하였으며, 또한 주요 인수공통 병원균들인 Salmonella 속균을 비롯하여 Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus 및 E. coli O157:H7에 대해서도 분리율을 조사하였다. 그리고 비교를 위해서 수입판매 되고 있는 미국과 중국산의 수입계육과 국내산 계육에 대해서도 전술한 바의 각종 미생물학적 위생실태를 비교조사 하였던 바 그 성적을 보고하고자 하였다. 먼저 미생물오염도비교조사에서 백화점의 시판계육은 총세균수와 대장균군수에 있어서 재래시장의 시판계육보다도 낮은 세균오염도를 보였지만, 포도상구균수에 있어서는 오히려 백화점의 시판계육에서 더욱 높은 오염도를 나타내었다. Salmonella 속균의 분리율 성적에서는 재래시장의 시판계육이 $76.5\%$의 분리율을 보였고, 백화점의 시판계육은 $60\%$의 균분리율을 나타내었으며, 국내 시판계육 전체적으로는 $68.8\%$의 Salmonella 분리율을 나타내었다. 한편 인수공통 병원균인 Listeria 속균의 분리율 성적은 재래시장의 시판계육이 $73.3\%$로서 백화점 시판계육의 $53.\%$ 보다도 더욱 높았고, 전체적으로는 $63.3\%$의 분리율 성적을 보였다. 반면에 Campylobacter 속균의 경우에는 백화점 시판계육이 $80\%$로서 재래시장의 시판계육의 $53.3\%$ 보다도 높은 분리율 성적을 보였으며, 전체적으로는 $64.0\%$의 분리율을 나타내어 Salmonella속균에 이어서 두 번째로 높은 균분리율을 보였다. 그러나 국내산 시판계육에서 E. coli O157:H7 균주는 전혀 분리되지 않았다. 국내 및 수입산(미국 & 중국) 닭부분육(닭다리, 닭날개 및 발골육)에 대한 각종 미생물의 오염도 조사에서 대장균군수의 경우 양자 간에 비슷한 수준이었으나, 총세균수와 포도상구균수에 있어서는 수입산 계육이 국내산 보다 $10\~100$ 배정도 낮은 오염도를 보였다. 닭날개(Wings)의 경우 국내산에서는 S.typhimurium $(33\%)$이 분리 되었으나, 미국산 닭날개에서는 Salmonella 속균이 전혀 분리되지 않아 대조적이었다. 하지만, 중국산의 닭부분육(혼합육)에서는 S. enteritidis와 L. monocytogenes도 함께 분리되었다. 그러나 부분육의 경우 국내산 및 수입산 모두에서 Campylobacter 속균과 E. coli O157:H7 균주는 전혀 분리되지 않았다. 서울${\cdot}$경기지역의 재래시장과 백화점에서 시판되고 있는 계란 총 446개에 대해서도 동일한 절차와 방법으로 조사하였던바, 재래시장에서 구입했던 계란의 난각부분(Egg-shell)에서만 가금티푸스(fowl Typhoid)의 병원체인 S. gallinarum이 1주$(0.2\%)$만이 분리되었고, 기타 세균으로서는 대장균군이 역시 난각에서 가장 높은 빈도로 분리되었고, 난황(Yolk)에서는 극히 낮은 수준의 세균오염도를 보였다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.81-98
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to fine out the general physical status of the neonates, and to identify the risk factors of the mothers and the neonates which were significantly related to the neonatal diseases during hospitalization. The data were obtained from clinical records of 1098 neonates born in Seoul Red cross Hospital between January 1st of 1984 and December 31th of 1986. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. General characteristics of the maternal group. 1) The average of maternal age was 26.6 years, the $91.7\%$ of the mothers de liveried at the age of 20-34 years old. 2) The distribution of the types of delivey were as follows : spontaneous delivery $39.9\%$, cesarean section $32.4\%$, vaccum extraction $25.7\%$, and breech delivery$2.0\%$. 3) The $40.3\%$ of the total de liveried mother had experienced abortion. 4) The $42.3\%$ of the total deliveried mother had one or more obstetric risk factors. 2. General characteristics of the neonatal group. 1) In the distribution of sex, male was $49.4\%$, female $50.6\%$. 2) The average of birth weights was 3,020gm. The distribution of birth weight were as follows; nomal weight $85.5\%$, low birth weight $12.7\%$ and high birth weight $2.5\%$. 3) The average of gestational age was 39.2 weeks. The distribution of gestational age were as follows; full term $77.4\%$, preterm $13.7\%$, and postterm $8.9\%$. 4) The average of Apgar Score was 9.0 at one minute and 9.6 at five minutes. 5) The $5.7\%$ of the neonates had one or more neonatal risk symptoms and signs at birth. 3. Apgar Score by the maternal and neonatal factors. In Apgar Score at one minute, normal group was higher than that of abnormal group. Apgar Score at five minutes was slightly higher than that at one minute. 4. The distribution of the maternal risk factors and the neonatal risk factors. 1) The total numbers of the maternal risk factors were 1376. The distribution of the maternal risk factors were as follows: obstetric factor $33.7\%$, abortion $32.2\%$, breech and cesarean section delivery $27.5\%$ and maternal age under 19 years and over 35 years $6.6\%$. 2) The total numbers of the neonatal risk factors were 517. The distribution of the neonatal risk factors were as follows: gestational age under 37 weeks and over 42 weeks $48.0\%$, birth weight under 2500gm and over 4000gm $12.2\%$, Apgar score under 4 at one munute $6.4\%$ and Apgar score at five munutes $2.7\%$. 3) The total numbers of the obstetric risk factors were 661. The types of the obstetric risk factors were meconium stained amniotic fluid $22.0\%$, premature rupture of membrane $17.5\%$. absence prenatal care $14.1\%$, unmarried pregnancy $10.3\%$, placenta problem $9.0\%$, toxemia $8.0\%$. 4) The total numbers of the neonatal risk symptoms and signs at birth were 83. The types of the neonatal risk symptoms and signs were respiratory distress $65.1\%$, neonatal apnea $14.4\%$, convulsion $13.3%$, meconium aspiration syndrome $4.8\%$, cyanosis $2.4\%$. 5. The relationship between the maternal risk factors and the neonatal risk factors. 1) Maternal age under 19 years or over 35 years was significantly related to Apgar Score under 4 at 5 minutes. 2) Breech delivery or cesarean section was significantly related to neonatal risk factor at birth such as birth weight, gestational age, Apgar Score at one minute and at five minutes. and neonatal risk symptoms and signs. 3) Obstetric risk factors were significantly related to the neonatal risk factors at birth. 4) Abortion was not related to the neonatal risk factors. 6. The relationship between neonatal diseases during hosptalization and the maternal or the neonatal risk factors. 1) The total numbers of neonatal diseases during hospitalization were 281. The distribution of neonatal diseases were as follows: birth trauma $38.1\%$, infectious disease $31.3\%$, hematologic disease $21.4\%$, respiratory disease $6.0\%$, neurologic disease $2.5\%$. cardiovascular disease $0.7\%$. 3) Most maternal risk factors except abortion were significantly related to neonatal diseases. 4) Most neonatal risk factors at birth were significantly related to neonatal diseases.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 1986

도마도 과실의 추숙 및 저장 과정에 있어서 품질(品質) 유지 및 저장(貯藏) 효과를 높이고자, 우리나라에서 많이 생산되고 있는 도마도 품종(品種) "강력미수"를 녹열기(緣熱期)에 수확하여 각각 추숙최적온도를 $25^{\circ}C$와 저장적온도 $15^{\circ}C$, 그 중간(中間) 온도(溫度)인 $20^{\circ}C$에서 저장(貯藏)하면서 저장중의 생리화학적(生理化學的) 변화(變化)에 따른 과실체내(果實體內)의 호흡량(呼吸量)의 변화(變化)와 경도(硬度)의 변화(變化) 그리고 지질성분(脂質成分)의 변화(變化)를 조사한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 도마도 과실의 저장중(貯藏中) 호흡량(呼吸量)의 변화(變化)는 $25^{\circ}C$구(區)에 있어서 climacteric rise현상이 가장 빨리 나타났으며, climacteric maximum에 있어서의 호흡량(呼吸量)도 다른 저장구(貯藏區)보다 많았으며, $20^{\circ}C$구(區)와 $15^{\circ}C$구(區)의 순(順)으로 나타났다. 도마도 과실의 저장중 경도(硬度)의 변화(變化)는 $25^{\circ}C$區에 있어서, 저장 기간 전반(全般)에 걸쳐, 가장 빨리 감소(減少)하는 것으로 나타났고, $20^{\circ}C$구(區)와 $15^{\circ}C$구(區)의 순(順)으로 나타났다. 도마도 과실의 저장중 총(總) 지질(脂質) 함량(含量)의 변화(變化)는 $25^{\circ}C$구(區)에 있어서 저장중(貯藏中) 전반적(全般的)으로 큰 변화(變化)가 없었는데 비하여 $20^{\circ}C$구(區)와 $15^{\circ}C$구(區)는 저장(貯藏) 중기(中期) 및 후기(後期)에 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타냈으며, 증가(增加)하는 경향을 나타냈고, 그중에서도 특히 $15^{\circ}C$구(區)에서는 저장 후기인 저장(貯藏) 30일경 부터 저장 말기(末期)인 저장 40일경 까지 급격히 증가하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. 도마도 과실의 저장중(貯藏中) 중성지질(中性脂質)의 변화(變化)는 저장기간(貯藏期間)을 통털어 전반적(全般的)으로 큰 변화(變化)가 없었다고 볼 수 있으며, 그에 비해 당지질의 변화(變化)는 일정치 않게 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었고, 인지질(燐脂質)의 변화(變化)도 비교적 안정되게 증가(增加)하는 경향을 나타내었다. 도마도 과실의 각각의 지질 성분(成分)의 구성 지방산의 조성을 저장(貯藏) 기간중(期間中) 조사한 결과(結果)는, 중성지질(中性脂質) 당지질(糖脂質), 인지질(燐脂質)에 있어서 포화지방산으로는 palmitic acid의 함량(含量)이 많았고, 불포화지방산으로는 linoleic acid, linolenic acid 그리고 oleic acid의 함량(含量)이 많았다. 도마도 과실(果實)의 저장중(貯藏中) 포화지방산(飽和脂肪酸)에 대한 불포화지방산(不飽和脂肪酸)에 있어서는, 전반적(全般的)으로 증가(增加)하는 경향이었으며 인지질(燐脂質)에 있어서는, 거의 변화(變化)가 없는 경향을 나타내었다. $C_{16}$지방산(脂肪酸)에 대한 $C_{18}$지방산(脂肪酸)의 함량비(含量比)는 중성지질(中性脂質)에 있어서는 저장 기간 전반(全般)에 걸쳐 대체적(大體的)으로 증가(增加)하였으며, 당지질(糖脂質)에 있어서는 약간(若干) 감소(減少)하였고, 인지질(燐脂質)에 있어서는 약간(若干) 증가(增加)하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.35-38
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• 1979

우리나라 특산수종(特產樹種)인 구상나무재(材)를 시료(試料)로 하여 그 추출물(抽出物)의 추출시간(抽出時間), 온도별(溫度別)에 따른 추출함량(抽出含量)의 차이(差異)와 추출액(抽出液)의 pH 변동(變動) 및 각요인간(各要因間)의 상관성(相關性)을 조사(調査)하여 본바 열수추출물(熱水抽出物)에 있어서는 변재부(邊材部)는 10시간추출(時間抽出)에 2.33% 심재부(心材部)는 12.30%였고 NaOH 추출물(抽出物)에 있어서는 1시간추출(時間抽出)에 변심재(邊心材) 평균(平均) 8.23%로서 열수처리(熱水處理)의 10시간효과(時間効果)가 있었으며 유기용제(有機溶制) 추출(抽出)에 있어서는 최초(最初)의 1시간후(時間後)에 4.00%로서 10시간처리후(時間處理後)의 추출량(抽出量) 4.44%와 크게 차이(差異)가 없었다. 추출처리(抽出處理)의 온도효과(溫度効果)를 보면 중성용제(中性溶劑)에 있어서는 추출온도(抽出溫度) $25{\pm}3^{\circ}C$, $50{\pm}3^{\circ}C$, $97{\pm}3^{\circ}C$에서 각추출량(各抽出量) 2.73%, 3.29%, 7.32%로서 추출처리(抽出處理)에서 시간(時間)보다 온도(溫度)가 더욱 절대적인 영향을 끼치는 것이 시사(示唆)되었으며 염기추출물(鹽基抽出物)에 있어서는 그 경향이 더욱 현저(顯著)하였다. 추출처리중(抽出處理中)의 pH 변동(變動)은 심변재(心邊材) 공(共)히 최초(最初)의 pH 6.5에서 10시간후(時間後) 5.4까지 떨어졌다. 추출처리중(抽出處理中)의 각처리요인(各處理要因)의 결과(結果)와의 관계(關係)는 추출량(抽出量) 시간(時間)간에는 r=0.896, 추출량(抽出量)과 온도간(溫度間)에는 r=0.986, 추출액(抽出液)의 pH와 시간간(時間間)에는 r=-0.955, 추출량(抽出量)과 부위간(部位間)에는 r=0.840의 상관성(相關性)을 보였고 전체적(全體的)으로 볼 때 추출량(抽出量)과 온도간(溫度間)에 1% 수준의 높은 상관성(相關性)을 나타내었고 가장 상관성(相關性)이 낮은 것은 유기용제처리시(有機溶劑處理時)의 심재(心材), 변재(邊材)사이 추출물함량(抽出物含量)으로서 r=0.748(5% 수준미달)이었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2000

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vitrification on the implantation and the pregnancy of human blastocysts. Method: The transfer of the frozen-thawed blastocysts by the slow freezing or vitrification was performed between January 1998 and July 1999. The zygotes derives from IVF were cocultured with cumulus cells in YS medium containing 20% hFF for 5days. Two or three of the best balstocysts produced on day 5 were transferred into the uterus, and then supernumerary blastocysts were randomly divided into two groups. One was frozen by slow freezing and the other was frozen by vitrification method. The slow freezing procedure was performed in two steps (5% glycerol and 9% glycerol + 0.2 M sucrose for 10 min, respectively) using programmed freezer ($-2^{\circ}C$/min to $-7^{\circ}C$, manual seeding at $-7^{\circ}C$, $-0.3^{\circ}C$/min to $-38^{\circ}C$ and plunged into $LN_{2}$). The blastocysts frozen by slow freezing were thawed at $36^{\circ}C$ then removed glycerol in 7 steps. The vitrification procedure was performed in three steps (10% glycerol for 5 min, 10% glycerol + 20% ethylene glycol for 5 min, 25% glycerol + 25% ethylene glycol and directly $LN_{2}$ within 1 min). The blastocysts frozen by vitrification were thawed at $20^{\circ}C$ water then removed cryoprotectant in 3 steps. In each group, thawed blastocysts were cocultured with cumulus cells in YS medium containing 20% hFF for 18h and transferred into the uterus. The implantation rate was evaluated per transferred blastocysts and the pregnancy rate was evaluated per transfers. Results: The survival rate of vitrified group (74.5%) was higher than slow freezing group (68.0%), but not significant. When 98 thawed blastocysts of vitrification were transferred in 40 cycles, 19 pregnancies (clinical pregnancy rate; 47.5%) were established. One miscarriage occurred in the eighth week of pregnancy (ongoing pregnancy rate; 45.0%). 7 pregnancies were ongoing, 11 pregnancies went to term, and 16 healthy infants were born. The Implantation rate was 31.6%. These results were higher than those obtained by the slow freezing (clinical pregnancy rate; 40.3%, ongoing pregnancy rate; 32.5% and implantation rate; 25.3%), but not significant. Conclusion: Vitrification is a simple, quick and economical method when compared to slow freezing. It will be chosen as a good method of human embryo freezing in IVF-ET programs.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.32-44
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• 1987

The purpose of this survey was to find out the knowledge and the disease management of the Tuberculosis patients by themselves among the first grade middle and high school students in Seoul city during the period of June 15-July 19, 1986. Questionaires were used to collect the data and were analysed from answers of 188 students at the 113 schools. The results were as follows: 1. The ages of the students were distributed as follows: in middle school, 13 years old was $70.0\%$. 14 years old, $20.0\%$, and 15 years old, $6.7\%$. In high school, 16 years old was $66.5\%$, 17 years old, $18.4\%$, and 15 years old, $10.1\%$. 2. In X-ray mass examination by school, the rate of execution was $50.4\%$ in middle school and $96.7\%$ in high school, and in X-ray mass examination by student, it was $50.1\%$ in middle school and $97.3\%$ in high school. 3. The prevalence of Tuberculosis among the middle school students was $00.3\%$and high school students, $0.15\%$. 4. Of the total, $77.1\%$ of the respondents did not realized Tuberculosis bdore X-ray mass examination 5. The perfect cure rate of the respondents was $52.7\%$. 6. General characteristics of the respondents: a. The educational background was varied as follows: of the total $47.9\%$ of the fathers had the level of high school education and $37.2\%$ of the mothers had the level of middle school education. The educational background of the parents had no statistical significant to the medical cure rate of Tuberculosis. (P>0.05). b. The average monthly income of the family was as follows : above five hundred thousand won was $21.8\%$, three or four hundred thousand won was $22.9\%$, and below two hundred thousand won was $10.6\%$. The most frequent family size was 5-6 persons. $(59.6)\%$. 7. The actual situation of Tuberculosis control and the variables related to the treatment: a. $69.1\%$ of the respondents wanted mental support from their surroundings. $48.7\%$ of the respondents answered that their parents or the other family helped treatment as mental supporter, b. As a medical service, $53.2\%$ of the respondents were treated at Health Center, $38.8\%$ were treated at a hospital. A medical service was statistically significant to the medical cure (P<0.01). c. Family members of $61.7\%$ of the respondents had checked chest X-ray. A X-ray examination of family was statistically significant to the medical cure (P<0.005). d. $73.9\%$ of the respondents had taken the Anti-Tuberculosis-drugs regularly. Regular taking of Anti-Tuberculosis drugs was statistically significant to the medical cure (P<0.005). e. $89.4\%$ of the respondents had received a regular examination during the treatment. A regular examination was statistically significant to the medical cure (P<0.05). f. The period of perfect cure was that $50.0\%$ of the respondents took from half a year to one year, $25.2\%$ took below half a year and $16.2\%$ took from one year to one year and a half. g. The rate of the respondents who abhored to let anyone know their disease was $93.1\%$. 8. Knowledge related with Tuberculosis: a .$63.3\%$ of the respondents answered that Tuberculosis is a communiable disease. b. $89.9\%$ of the respondents answered that there is a preventive method of Tuberculosis. Among them, $28.4\%$ answered that it is B.C.G. vacination. c. $96.8\%$ of the respondents belived they can be cured perfectly. d. $42.4\%$ of the perfect curer answered that they had have permanent immunity of Tuberculosis. According to the results of above study, it is desired to be practiced X-ray mass examination to the total middle school students. Nurse teachers and the responsible persons who participated to the helping of disease management to the Tuberculosis patients must make an offer knowledge of Tuberculosis to the Tuberculosis patients. And also, it will be very helpful to the cure of Tuberculosis patients if they do their best and to have a mental supporter.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.37-55
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• 1990

Every country in the world has been trying to expand the basic health right for the peoples as W.H.O has established the goal 'health for AU' by the year of 2000. Related to this goal, our government authority has establish the policy 'the insurance of health for all' into effect from July 198\). Recently hospitalshave been making a ceaseless effort for the plan for the rationalization of its management the academic World is making it a subject of discussion by doing the secure of manpower at a resonable level and the increase of productivity by the manpower. As a result of the efforts the study was established to secure the numbers of nursing manpower at a resonable level and use the unskilled persons at the utilizing field and seek the possible area of their activity for more efficient service through the investigation of ablity of simple nursing activities of regiestered nurses and nurse aides for rational function according to the educational levels and talents. The method of study was established by the registered nurses and nurse and nurse aides(R.N 229, N.A 226) who are working in 15 hospitals with over 200 beds. This surrey was conducted from Mar 29, 1989 to April 8, 1989. The method to test the degree of importance, difficulties, and the abillity of performance of a simple nursing activities was classified into 35 activities on the basis of references on this field. The degree of importance was composed from point l(Not so important) to 5(Very important). the degree of difficulties. was composed as follows; very easy - Point 1 very difficult and complicated - Point 5. and the ability of performance was composed from point 1 to 5. The materials gathered through the survey were analyzed with frequency, mean standard deviation, percentage. t-test, Anova, pearson's coefficient of correlation, stepwise multiple regression. factor analysis, discriminant analysis. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. The recognition values of the simple nursing activities of each group of registered nurse and nurse aides show; The degree of importance; 4.04 and 4.26 The degree of difficulties; 2.72 and 2.94 The ability of performance; 2.07 and 2.38 The brief summary shows there are little differences between who two groups the simple nursing activities turned out to be easy and simple work. 2. Regardless of the degree of importance, and difficulties, the ability of performance the important in fluencing of the degree of the simple nursing activities between the registered nurses and nurse aides was the order of educational level, hospital career, working career in wards and ages of the registered nurses and ages and hospital creer of nurse aides. The result was that the simple nursing activities could easily be familiar through the training of their working environment and period of experience. 3. Among the 35 simple nursing activities the items capable of resonable entrusting to the nurse aides are 5 that is helping bed-bathing, 8itz Bath, using bed pan, care while delivering patient, accompaying patient when visitor's check. There wasn't and differences between RN and nurse aides in performing the above 5 items. In anywhere. so we can say obviosuly that this nursing activities should be performed under the nursing system of which chief of nurse are supposed to supervise nurse aides as a possible function to be entrusted. In view of the above mentioned results, therefore, this partial functional job of the simple nursing activities can able be entrusted to the nurse aides through the regular training course. In case of these functional activities could be entrusted under, the responsibility of registered nurse, we can able suggest to for that there are the following advantages: 1.. In the nursing activities-affairs, the qualified guarantee of the nursing services can be kept and increased or promotoed with accommodation of the required nursing service and roles being expanded presently. 2. In the productivity of the hospital manpower, therefore, we have comt to view and consider in favourly that when an automational administration times would be come in the near future time to hospital affairs as a reality, to utilize the existing nures aides is better rather than investing so as to develop the other source manpowers or seek its for the efficient business management in the operational strategy or its policy.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1000-1007
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• 2005

영유아 보육의 실질적 책임자인 어머니들의 이유기 급식, 이유식 생활관리에 대한 지식과 인식도를 조사$\cdot$연구하고자, 보건소를 방문한 양육인 103명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 그 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 영유아의 이유기 식생활관리와 이유식 공급에 대한 필요성과 중요성에 대하여 고졸과 대졸양육인 간에 인식도의 차이를 보였으며 (p<0.01), 가계소득 월 150만원을 기준으로 저소득층의 $47.6\%$와 고소득층의 $41.7\%$가 올바른 이유관리의 중요성을 인지하였다. 2) 단계별 이유식의 종류, 형 태, 조리 법, 급여 횟수와 양 등에 대한 지식과 관련하여 양육인의 $76.0\%$ 정도가 올바른 이유상식 없이 이유를 실시하였으며, 학력과 소득수준이 높을수록 이유식 도입시 발생할 수 있는 알레르기 반응에 대한 지식을 갖추고 있었다. 3) 이유정보의 출처는 대중매체 $(57.3\%)$, 또래 엄마$(34\%)$, 가족$(3.9\%)$, 보건의료인$(2.9\%)$, 기타$(1.9\%)$ 등이었으며, 대졸자는 대중매체 $(72.5\%)$를, 고졸자는 대중매체$(47.6\%)$와 또래 엄마$(39.7\%)$를 통하여 주로 정보를 얻었다. 또한 학력과 소득수준이 높을수록 이유정보와 교육의 기회를 갖고자 하는 욕구가 강하였다. 4) 시판이유식 구입시 양육인의 학력과 소득이 높을수록 TV광고에 대한 영향을 적게 받았으며, 대졸자는 영양측면에서 시판 이유식이 가정식에 비해 월등하지 않다고 응답하여 학력 수준에 따른 유의 성 이 확인되었다. 또한 선식이 영유아에게 좋거나 보통정도의 이유식으로 인식하는 비율이 양육인의 $88\%$ 정도로 나타났다. 5) 학력 에 따른 유의성은 없었으나 고졸자에 비하여 대졸자가 영양표시 라벨을 좀 더 적극적으로 인지하고 있었으며, 식생활과 건강에 대한 관심은 양육인의 교육과 수입에는 무관하게 3.5점 이상으로 높은 관심도를 보였다. 6) 영양교육의 기회가 주어지면 교육과 소득수준이 높은 양육인이 좀 더 적극적으로 활용하였으며, 식품$\cdot$영양관련 기초지식에 대하여 양육인의 $55.3\%$가 보통정도, $43.7\%$가 지식이 부족하다고 스스로 평가하였다. 양육인 중에 특히 대졸자 또는 고소득자가 본인 스스로의 지식에 대해 높은 신뢰도 점수를 보였다. 이상의 연구결과를 통하여 이유기의 식생활과 영양에 대해 실질적 책임자인 어머니들이 올바른 이유지식과 영양정보를 습득할 수 있는 환경조성이 절실하다고 판단된다. 즉 구체적이며 전문적인 이유관련 교육과 계몽이 이루어지기 위해서는 지역사회의 건강을 주도하며 지역 모자보건사업을 실시하는 보건소를 중심으로 한 영유아의 급식과 집단영양지도에 대한 교육 프로그램의 개발과 운영이 요청된다. 이 때 양육인의 사회적 배경과 기초 지식정도를 참조한 영유아 월령별 이유지도가 이루어져야 하며, 영양균형을 갖춘 식재료 선택과 조리법 등에 대한 올바른 이유식 실무교육도 병행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 지역사회를 기반으로 한 지속적이며 장기적인 영양지도교육은 양육인의 식품${\cdot}$영양 관련지식을 향상시키며, 이유기의 섭식 개선을 통하여 영양취약계층인 영유아의 이유 식생활관리와 영양개선에 기여할 수 있으리라 본다.