• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of different sorts of Korean traditional liquor among male and female adults in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, their awareness of them and their preference in an effort to discuss what problems Korean traditional liquors were faced with and how they could gain popularity among people in general. First, It is investigated of drinking frequency by gender, 51.3 percent of the male adults drunk once or twice a week, and 33.2 percent of the female adults drunk once or twice a month. Thus, the men drunk more often than the women. By age, the adults who were in their 20s and 30s were far different from those who were in their 50s above in drinking frequency. Second, regarding what kind of liquor they enjoyed, the men enjoyed Soju the most, followed by beer and traditional liquors. The women enjoyed beer the most, followed by Soju and wine. The favorite liquor of the men was Soju, followed by beer and traditional liquor, and the women most liked for beer, followed by wine and Soju. The female adults preferred low-proof liquor more than the male adults. Third, concerning their awareness of traditional liquor, Andong-soju was most widely viewed as traditional liquor, which were followed by Munbaeju, Gyeongju-gyodongbeopju, Gyeongju-beopju, Gukhwaju, Ssal- makgeolri, and Geumsan-insamju. Overall, they were rarely aware what traditional liquor was. Fourth, as to purchase experience, the men and the older people had more experience to buy traditional drinks than the women and the younger ones. Fifth, as for anju (dishes for traditional drinks), they believed that panfried food and Kimchi should be served with coarse liquor. Panfried and streamed dishes were considered to be good complements to Takju (rice wine) and Cheongju (clear strained rice wine), and pot stew and soup were looked upon as good complements to distilled liquor. The above-mentioned findings illustrated that in order to step up the development of the traditional liquor industry, perpetual research efforts should be put into adding new tastes to unique traditional liquor drinks. And it's required to commercialize those drinks, and multiple P.R. and marketing strategies should be prepared to promote their sales.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.783-792
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• 2008

본 연구는 생후 발달과정에서 숫 흰쥐의 생식기인 Efferent ductules(EDs)과 부정소에서 cytochrome P450 aromatase(Cyp19) 유전자의 발현과 연령별 발현 양상을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 조직으로부터 추출된 total RNA는 역 전사 반응을 통해 cDNA로 바뀌어진 후 real-time PCR 기법을 사용하여 부위별 그리고 연령별로 Cyp19 유전자 발현을 알아보았다. Cyp19 유전자의 발현은 EDs에서 90일령을 제외한 7일, 14일, 그리고 30일령 등 성숙기 이전의 모든 연령에서 나타났으며, 부정소에서는 7일령을 제외한 모든 연령에서 보여졌다. 특히 부정소에서 Cyp19의 발현은 부정소의 각 부위별로 특이한 양상을 보였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 남성 생식기의 EDs와 부정소의 각 부분에서 Cyp19 유전자 발현은 연령과 부위에 따라 차별적으로 조절되는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.25-34
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• 1999

The objective of this study is to evaluate the emotional change of a driver according to the change of temperature, humidity, $CO_2$ gas concentration and $C_4H_{10}$ gas concentration in the automobile by electroencephalogram(EEG) spectrum analysis. The experiment was performed in an automobile simulated shielding room with healthy volunteers(age : 18-31, male : 14, female : 7). The subject's emotion at every different condition was indexed 11-point scale(+5 : most pleasant, -5 : least pleasant). The emotion index at each condition resulted in as follows; in temperature $1.00(23.5^{\circ}C)$, $-2.33(30.5^{\circ}C)$, in humidity 1.50(45%), -1.50(65%), in $CO_2$ gas concentration 0.67(500ppm), -0.57(6,000ppm), in $C_4H_{10}$ gas concentration -0.25(0ppm), -2.75(1,200ppm). From EEG spectrum analysis, the average mean power frequency(MPF) value at each different condition was shown as follows; in temperature $5.48(23.5^{\circ}C)$, $4.06(30.5^{\circ}C)$, in humidity 11.03(45%), 3.03(65%), in $CO_2$ gas concentration 7.16(500ppm), 6.38(6,000ppm), in $C_4H_{10}$ gas concentration 10.21(0ppm), 2.87(1,200ppm). When the environment became unpleasant to the subject, all of the obtained MPF values were decreased. It was found that there is close agreement between subjective evaluation by subject's scaling and objective evaluation by EEG spectrum analysis at different environment. These results indicated that the EEG spectrum analysis is a proper method to assess emotional response of a driver in the changing automobile environment.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.370-378
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Athletes generally desire changes in body composition in order to enhance their athletic performance. Often, athletes will practice chronic energy restrictions to attain body composition changes, altering their energy needs. Prediction of resting metabolic rates (RMR) is important in helping to determine an athlete's energy expenditure. This study compared measured RMR of athletic and non-athletic adolescents with predicted RMR from commonly used prediction equations to identify the most accurate equation applicable for adolescent athletes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 50 athletes (mean age of $16.6{\pm}1.0years$, 30 males and 20 females) and 50 non-athletes (mean age of $16.5{\pm}0.5years$, 30 males and 20 females) were enrolled in the study. The RMR of subjects was measured using indirect calorimetry. The accuracy of 11 RMR prediction equations was evaluated for bias, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS: Until more accurate prediction equations are developed, our findings recommend using the formulas by Cunningham (-29.8 kcal/day, limits of agreement -318.7 and +259.1 kcal/day) and Park (-0.842 kcal/day, limits of agreement -198.9 and +196.9 kcal/day) for prediction of RMR when studying male adolescent athletes. Among the new prediction formulas reviewed, the formula included in the fat-free mass as a variable [$RMR=730.4+15{\times}fat-free\;mass$] is paramount when examining athletes. CONCLUSIONS: The RMR prediction equation developed in this study is better in assessing the resting metabolic rate of Korean athletic adolescents.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권5호
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• pp.337-347
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• 2010

Background: Transglutaminase-2 (TG-2) has been reported to play an important role in the process of fibrosis. However, TG-2 studies on fibroproliferation of acute lung injury (ALI) are absent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of TG-2 in the fibroproliferation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Methods: The male C57BL/6 mice of 5 weeks age were divided into 3 groups; control group (n=30) in which $50{\mu}L$ of saline was given intratracheally (IT), LPS group (n=30) in which LPS 0.5 mg/kg/$50{\mu}L$ of saline was given IT, and LPS+Cyst group treated with intraperitoneal 200 mg/kg of cystamine, competitive inhibitor of TG-2, after induction of ALI by LPS. TG-2 activity and nuclear factor $(NF)-{\kappa}B$ were measured in lung tissue homogenate. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}1$ were measured using bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Histopathologic ALI score and Mallory's phosphotunistic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) for collagen and fibronectin deposition were performed. Results: The TG-2 activities in the LPS group were significantly higher than the control and LPS+Cyst groups (p<0.05). The TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ concentrations and $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity were lower in the LPS+Cyst group than the LPS group (p<0.05). The LPS+Cyst group showed lower MPO, ALI score, TGF-${\beta}1$ concentration, and Mallory's PTAH stain than the LPS group, but the differences were not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Inhibition of TG-2 activity in the LPS-induced ALI prevented early inflammatory parameters, but had limited effects on late ALI and fibroproliferative parameters.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2003년도 Annual Meeting of KSAP : International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences on Obesity
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• pp.62-62
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• 2003

It is now convincing that free radical generation is involved in the pathophy siological mechanisms of ischemic stroke, particularly in ischemia-reperfusion injury. The present study, therefore, examined neuroprotective effect of aloesin isolated from Aloe vera, which was known to have antioxidative activity, in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by occlusion of middle cerebral artery for 2 hr with a silicone-coated 4-0 nylon monofilament in male Sprague-Dawley rats under isoflurane anesthesia Aloesin (1, 3, 10, 30 and 50 mg/kg/injection) was administered intravenously 3 times at 0.5, 2 and 4 hr after onset of ischemia. Neurological score was measured 24 hr after onset of ischemia immediately before sacrifice. Seven serial coronal slices of the brain were stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and infarct size was measured using a computerized image analyzer. Treatment with the close of 1 or 50 mg/kg did not significantly reduce infarct volume compared with the saline vehicle-treated control group. However, treatments with the closes of 3 and 10 mg/kg significantly reduced both infarct volume and edema by approximately 47% compared with the control group, producing remarkable behavioral recovery effect. Treatment with the close of 30 mg/kg also significantly reduced infarct volume to a lesser extent by approximately 33% compared with the control group, but produced similar degree of behavioral recovery effect. In addition, general pharmacological studies showed that aloesin was a quite safe compound. The results suggest that aloesin can serve as a lead chemical for the development of neuroprotective agents by providing neuroprotection against focal ischemic neuronal injury.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2001

This study examined the age-related patterns in body composition cross-sectionally using Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis(SBIA), specifically its two components, lean body mass(LBM) and body fat mass, in 1,452 men and 1,436 women with an age range of 19 to over 70 years . Mean height of male subjects was 174.1cm at peak in early 20's and was decreased continuously 0.2-0.3 cm every year. Mean weight was greatest between late 20's and 40's, and was decreased quickly in 70's. Body fat mass was increased steadily before 30's and remained thereafter. Because decreasing lean body mass (LBM), percentage of body fat(PBF) increased continuously with aging. Mean height of female subjects was 161.7 cm at peak in 20's and was decreased steadily around 0.2 cm every year and thus an individual's height was decreased approximately 10 cm in their life cycle. Body weight was increased steadily until 50's and then was decreased. Body fat mass was increased continuously and LBM remained constant and thus PBF was increased steadily with aging. SBIA can be used to compare body composition between genders and between ages. In future studies, SBIA could be applied widely to evaluate variations of body composition in subjects with different nutritional problems.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2008

In the vehicle design, the research on driving posture has stood out as one of the important issues. Recently, the research on 3D human modeling focused on more exact implementation of real driving posture. However, prediction of driving posture through the 3D human modeling fail to reflect on the model the phenomenon called sagging, which refers to the retraction or shrinking of the torso while driving. 30 male subjects participated in the experiment where total subjects were divided into four groups according to height percentile(under 50%ile, 51%ile to 75%ile, 76%ile to 95%ile, over 95%ile). The independent variables were seat back angle(4 levels) and seat pan angle(2 levels). The dependent variable was capacity or the degree of retraction of the torso. First this study measured the sagging capacity by using a paired T-test between erect and retracted posture. Secondly it was tried to find out significant anthropometric variables that were statistically correlated by the analysis of correlation. Finally, a prediction model was derived which explains the capacity of sagging.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.17-20
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• 1998

Sixteen local sheep (8 male + 8 female) of about six months old with average live weight 10.78 $({\pm}1.11)$ kg were allocated into four treatments. The treatments (T) are : $T_0$ = Restricted grazing without concentrate; $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$ = Grazing + 100, 200 and 300 g concentrate per sheep daily. Live weight of grazing (7.30 hrs daily) sheep was recorded in each week. The uncastrated male sheep were slaughtered for carcass and non-carcass parameters. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences were observed in live weight gain (g/day) among the treatments ($T_0=15.71$; $T_1=22.66$; $T_2 =32.66$ and $T_3=40.47$). The dressing % were : ($T_0=32.75$, $T_1=38.50$, $T_2=36.90 $ and $T_3=37.75$). The warm carcass weight represented 37.21% of live weight. Significant (p < 0.01) correlation were observed for live weight with carcass weight (r = 0.99) and dressing % (r = 0.88). Concentrate supplement increase live weight gain in sheep on grazing. Live weight is a good indicator to assess carcass characteristics.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

Background: Several studies have investigated the relationship between specific occupations and suicide mortality, as suicide rates differ by profession. The aim of this study was to investigate suicide mortality ratios across broad occupational groups in Greece for both sexes in the period 2000-2009. Methods: Data of suicide deaths were retrieved from the Hellenic Statistical Authority and comparative mortality ratios were calculated. Occupational classification was based on the International Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88) and the coding for Intentional self-harm (X60-X84) was based on the international classification of diseases (ICD-10). Results: Male dominant occupations, mainly armed forces, skilled farmers and elementary workers, and female high-skilled occupations were seen as high risk groups for suicide in a period of 10 years. The age-productive group of 30-39 years in Greek male elementary workers and the 50-59 age-productive group of Greek professional women proved to have the most elevated number of suicide deaths. Conclusion: Further research is needed into the work-related stressors of occupations with high suicide mortality risk and focused suicide prevention strategies should be applied within vulnerable working age populations.