• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.699-702
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• 2001

The increasing demand in industry to produce rectangular cans at the reduction by the rectangular backward extrusion process involves better understanding of this process. In 2-D die deflection and dimensional variation of the component during extrusion, punch retraction, component injection and cooling was conducted using a coupled thermal-mechanical approach for the forward extrusion of aluminum alloy and low-carbon steel in tools of steel. Backward extrusion FE simulation and experimental simulation by physical modeling using wax as a model material have been performed. These simulations gave good results concerning the prediction of th flow modes and the corresponding surface expansions of the material occuring at the contact surface between the can and the punch. There prediction are the limits of the can height, depending on the reduction, the punch geometry, the workpiece material and the friction factor, in order to avoid the risk of damage caused by sticking of the workpiece material to the punch face. The influence of these different parameter on the distribution of the surface expansion along the inner can wall and bottom is already determined. This paper deals with the influence of the geometry changes of the forming tool and the work material in the rectangular backward using the 3-D finite element method.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.891-906
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• 2014

This study aims to present a three dimensional finite element model to investigate the wave propagation in a concrete filled steel tubular column (CFSC) due to transient impact load. Both the concrete and steel are regarded as linear elastic material. The impact load is simulated by a semi sinusoidal impulse. Besides the CFSC models, a concrete column (CC) model is established for comparing under the same loading condition. The propagation characteristics of the transient waves in CFSC are analyzed in detail. The results show that at the intial stage of the wave propagation, the velocity waves in CFSC are almost the same as those in CC before they arrive at the steel tube. When the waves reach the column side, the velocity responses of CFSC are different from those of CC and the difference is more and more obvious as the waves travel down along the column shaft. The travel distance of the wave front in CFSC is farther than that in CC at the same time. For different wave speeds in steel and concrete material, the wave front in CFSC presents an arch shape, the apex of which locates at the center of the column. Differently, the wave front in CC presents a plane surface. Three dimensional effects on top of CFSC are obvious, therefore, the peak value and arrival time of incident wave crests have great difference at different locations in the radial direction. High-frequency waves on the waveforms are observed. The time difference between incident and reflected wave peaks decreases significantly with r/R when r/R < 0.6, however, it almost keeps constant when $r/R{\geq}0.6$. The time duration between incident and reflected waves calculated by 3D FEM is approximately equal to that calculated by 1D wave theory when r/R is about 2/3.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.390-397
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• 2008

Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor (PMLSM) has high efficiency, high energy density, and high control-ability. But, the detent force always is produced by the structure of slot-teeth. There are the disadvantages such as noise and vibration of the apparatuses are induced and the control ability is curtailed because detent force acts as thrust ripple. Therefore, the detent force reduction is an essential requirement in PMLSM. Generally, the method, skewing permanent magnet or slot-teeth, is used to reduce the detent force. But the thrust is decreased at the same time. If permanent magnet is skewed, the lateral force which operates as the perpendicular direction of skew direction is generated in linear guide of PMLSM. So, V-skew model is proposed for the reduction of lateral force. The lateral force acts as braking force in linear motion guide, and it has bad influence to the characteristics of PMLSM. However, these problems will not be solved by 2-dimensional Finite Element Analysis (FEA). So, in this paper 3-dimensional FEA is applied to analyze the PMLSM where permanent magnet is skewed and has overhang. The detent force and thrust characteristics considering skew and overhang effects of permanent magnet are analyzed by 3-dimensional FEA and the results are compared with experimental values to verify the propriety of analysis.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.595-602
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• 2013

An air circuit breaker (ACB) with novel double-breaker contact and permanent magnet actuator (PMA) is presented. Three-dimensional (3-D) finite element method (FEM) is employed to compute the electro-dynamic repulsion forces, including the Holm force and Lorentz force, which are acting on the static and movable contacts. The electro-dynamic repulsion forces of different contact pieces are computed, illustrating there is an optimal number of contact pieces for the ACB being studied. The electro-dynamic repulsion force of each contact, which varies from the outer position to the inner position, is also computed. Finally, the contacts of the double-breaker are manufactured according to the analyzed results to validate the simulations.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.288-293
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• 2011

Generally, the discontinuous armature permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PM-LSM) is composed by the stator block (accelerator, re-accelerator, and decelerator) and the free running section. However, the stationary discontinuous armature design involves the velocity variation of the mover during drive when the armature's non-installation part changes over to installation part as a result of the outlet edge of the armature. Therefore, we considered deforming the shape of the outlet edge at the armature and apply skew on the permanent magnet by displacing the two magnet segments of each pole. This paper presents the results of a three-dimensional (3-D) numerical analysis with a finite element method (FEM) of the force exerted by the outlet edge.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.312-326
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• 2012

This paper considers a fully coupled 3D BEM-FEM analysis for the ship structural hydroelasticity problem in waves. Fluid flows and structural responses are analyzed by using a 3D Rankine panel method and a 3D finite element method, respectively. The two methods are fully coupled in the time domain using a fixed-point iteration scheme, and a relaxation scheme is applied for improve convergence. In order to validate the developed method, numerical tests are carried out for a barge model. The computed natural frequency, motion responses, and time histories of stress are compared with the results of the beam-based hydroelasticity program, WISH-FLEX, which was thoroughly validated in previous studies. This study extends to a real-ship application, particularly the springing analysis for a 6500 TEU containership. Based on this study, it is found that the present method provides reliable solutions to the ship hydroelasticity problems.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.48-52
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• 2000

저주파수 전자탐사 관로 탐지기 개발 및 현장 운용시의 지침을 마련하기 위해 3차원 유한요소법을 이용해서 수평 자기 쌍극자 송신원에 의한 도전성 지하 매설 관로의 전자기 반응을 계산하고 그 특성을 분석하였다. 단일 관로의 전자기 반응은 수평 자기장 및 수직 자기장의 수평 차분치 모두 관로 직상부에서 최대값을 나타낸다. 반응 곡선에서 최대값의 1/2이 되는 위치의 폭은 수평 자기장의 경우 수직 자기장의 수평 차분치보다 2배 정도 넓으며, 이는 수직 자기장의 수평 차분치가 관로 위치 분해능이 높은 것을 의미한다. 그리고 관로의 심도 계산식이 관로의 직상부에서만 정의되기 때문에 분해능이 높은 수직 자기장의 수평 차분치를 측정하는 것이 관로 심도 결정시 유리할 것이다. 서로 2 m 떨어진 이중 관로의 전자기 반응은 수직 자기장의 수평 차분의 경우 송신기 하부 및 인접 관로의 상부 모두에서 반응 곡선의 피크가 보인다. 이에 반해 수평 자기장의 경우는 인접 관로에 의한 자기장은 송신기 하부 관로에 의한 자기장에 의해 상쇄되어 송신기 하부 관로에 의한 피크만 나온다. 이로 미루어 볼 때 지하에 다수의 관로가 인접하여 매설되어 있는 상황에서는 수직 자기장의 수평 차분을 측정함으로써 다수 관로의 탐지도 가능할 것으로 보인다. 그리고 반응 곡선의 폭을 비교할 때, 단일 관로에서와 마찬가지로 분해능은 수직 자기장의 수평 차분치를 측정하는 것이 수평 자기장을 측정하는 것에 비해 뛰어난 것으로 판단된다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 유도가열조리기의 효과적인 설계를 위하여 입력주파수 변화에 따른 유도가열조리기의 자계와 열계 해석 방법을 제시하였다. 유도가열조리기의 내부자계는 3차원 축대칭 유한요소법을 사용하여 해석하였으며, 열원은 유도가열조리기의 내부에서 유도된 와전류에 의하여 발생되고, 열은 열원과 열방정식을 사용하여 계산되어진다. 또한, 유도가열조리기의 온도특성을 스테인레스와 알루미늄 각각에 대하여 주파수와 투자율에 따라 제시하였다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.101-124
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• 1997

The root pile system is insitu soil reinforcement technique that uses a series of reticulately installed micropiles. In terms of mechanical improvement by means of grouted reinform ming elements, the root pile system is similar to the soil nailing system. The main difference between root piles and soil nailing are due to the fact that the reinforcing bars in root piles are normally grouted under high pressure and that the alignments of the reinforcing members differ. Recently, the root pile system has been broadly used to stabilize slopes and retain excavations. The accurate design of the root pile system is, however, a very difficult tass owing to geometric variety and statical indetermination, and to the difficulty in the soilfiles interaction analysis. As a result, moat of the current design methods have been heavily dependent on the experiences and approximate approach. This paper proposes a quasi-three dimensional method of analysis for the root pile system applied to the stabilization of slopes. The proposed methods of analysis include i) a technique to estimate the change in borehole radium as a function of the grout pressure as well as a function of the time when the grout pressure is applied, ii) a technique to evaluate quasi -three dimensional limit-equilibrium stability for sliding, iii) a technique to predict the stability with respect to plastic deformation of the soil between adjacent root piles, and iv) a quasi -three dimensional finite element technique to compute stresses and dis placements of the root pile structure barred on the generalized plane strain condition and composite unit cell concept talon형 with considerations of the group effect and knot effect. By using the proposed technique to estimate the change in borehole radius as a function of the grout pressure as well as a function of the time, the estimations are made and compar ed with the Kleyner 8l Krizek's experimental test results. Also by using the proposed quasi-three dimensional analytical method, analyses have been performed with the aim of pointing out the effects of various factors on the interaction behaviors of the root pile system.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2003

Switched reluctance motor(SRM) has some advantages such as low cost, high torque density but SRM has essentially high torque ripple due to its salient structure. In order to apply SRM to industrial field, torque ripple has to be reduced. This paper introduces optimal design process of SRM using an optimization algorithm of Progressive Quadratic Response Surface Modeling(PQRSM) and two-dimensional(2D) Finite Element Method(FEM). The electrical and geometrical design parameters have been adopted as 2D design variables. From this work, it can be obtained both the optimal design minimized torque ripple and the optima1 design maximized the average torque, respectively. Finally, this Paper Presents Performance comparison of two optimal designs and consider influence of the selected design variables in torque characteristics.