A topological metal at the surface of an ultrathin BiSb alloy film
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- Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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- 2010.02a
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- pp.14-15
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- 2010
Recently there has been growing interest in topological insulators or the quantum spin Hall (QSH) phase, which are insulating materials with bulk band gaps but have metallic edge states that are formed topologically and robust against any non-magnetic impurity [1]. In a three-dimensional material, the two-dimensional surface states correspond to the edge states (topological metal) and their intriguing nature in terms of electronic and spin structures have been experimentally observed in bulk Bi1-xSbx single crystals [2,3,4]. However, if we want to know the transport properties of these topological metals, high purity samples as well as very low temperature will be needed because of the contribution from bulk states or impurity effects. In a recent report, it was also shown that an intriguing coupling between the surface and bulk states will occur [5]. A simple solution to this bothersome problem is to prepare a topological metal on an ultrathin film, in which the surface-to-bulk ratio is drastically increased. Therefore in the present study, we have investigated if there is a method to make an ultrathin Bi1-xSbx film on a semiconductor substrate. From reflection high-energy electron diffraction observation, it was found that single crystal Bi1-xSbx films (0
This study examines the morphological expression type and formative characteristics of women's shoes designs that integrate 3D printing technology. The results of the study are as follows. First, the morphological expression types of contemporary shoes that integrate 3D printing technology express a structural form created by repetition. Second, it expresses a dynamic form, which combines organic curves that create an external volume. Third, it expresses a surrealistic form centered on an object with the creation of a unique shape that utilizes objects easily experienced in local surroundings. Fourth, it expresses a hybrid form on a partial derivation. Each of the other system's components are fused to create another beauty that develops a new value in a colorful variation on the shape of 3D printing shoes. The first formative characteristic of women's shoes designs that integrate 3D printing technology is continuity. This creates an invisible form of a new space through repetitive unidirectional layers with a gradual expansion of a unitary seamless curves. Second, it is an exaggeration. This exaggeration elicits an enormous aesthetic quality by structuring the outward space in the difference of the volume formed based on the maximization of a specific part and the volume of a line's atypical movement. Third, it is a decoration. It displays the beauty of a decoration that evokes a unique artistic inspiration by partial unification or a practical representation of a specific form. This can also be seen as superimposing a 3D printing figure that has an outstanding shape onto part of the fashion shoes. Fourth, it concerns a geometrical characteristic that formulates a new structure with rationality in combining basic shapes such as circles, triangles and squares with lines, hexagons and interconnected geometrical forms to create a multi-dimensional space for shoes in a systematic and unidirectional pattern.
This study investigated White Porcelain Water Dropper with Openwork Lotus Scroll Design and Eight Trigram Design in Cobalt-blue Underglaze (hereinafter, the "water dropper") in the collection of the National Museum of Korea using computed tomography (CT). A replica was produced to examine both the structure and its original production method. The CT scanning identified no joint lines or pores in the clay, which suggests that the body (the lower part of the water dropper) was shaped in a single piece using a mold and was then matched with a mold-formed lid (the upper part of the water dropper). The inner container of the body portion was roughly trimmed with a bamboo knife so that its upper surface could be securely attached to the bottom of the lid and prevent any leakage in the joined surface. It appears that the inner container for storing water was made first in a cylindrical shape that met the unit of quantity used at the time and could be easily formed by molding. It was transformed into a trapezoid shape during the process of combining it with the lid. A cylindrical inner container was reproduced using silicon 3D printing to compare its capacity with that of the original inner container. The comparison revealed that the reproduced container had a capacity of 152.5㎖, whereas the original container holds approximately 168.6㎖, a figure similar to three hop (around 174㎖) in Joseon-period units of quantity. Since the capacity of the cylindrical inner container corresponds to a known measure from the late Joseon dynasty, it is likely that the water dropper was originally produced to contain a cylindrical inner container.
The size and shape of crops are diverse, and the growing environment is also different. Therefore, when one uses a drone to spray pesticides, the characteristics of each crop must be considered, and flight conditions such as the flight height and forwarding velocity of the drone should be changed. The droplet flow of pesticides is affected by various flight conditions, and a large change occurs in the sprayed area. As a result, an uneven distribution of liquid may be formed at the wake, and the transport efficiency will be decreased as well as there would be a risk of toxic scatter. Therefore, this paper analyzes the degree of distribution of pesticides to the crops through numerical analysis when pesticide is sprayed onto the selected three crops with different characteristics by using agricultural drones with different flight conditions. On the purpose of establishing a guideline for spraying pesticides using a drone in accordance with the characteristics of crops, this paper compares the amount of pesticides distributed in the crops at the wake of nozzle flow using the figure of merit, and the sum of transported liquid rate divided by the root mean square of the probability density function.
Internet commerce has been growing at a rapid pace for the last decade. Many firms try to reach wider consumer markets by adding the Internet channel to the existing traditional channels. Despite the various benefits of the Internet channel, a significant number of firms failed in managing the new type of channel. Previous studies could not cleary explain these conflicting results associated with the Internet channel. One of the major reasons is most of the previous studies conducted analyses under a specific market condition and claimed that as the impact of Internet channel introduction. Therefore, their results are strongly influenced by the specific market settings. However, firms face various market conditions in the real worlddensity and disutility of using the Internet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of various market environments on a firm's optimal channel strategy by employing a flexible game theory model. We capture various market conditions with consumer density and disutility of using the Internet.
To testy time division scheme, we performed some experiments in a circular water tank(13m in diameter and 1m deep). A result of that is shown in figure 4. The 2-dimensional position of the pinger was calculated by the method of hyperbolic line of position calculation. The resolution of the time difference on the base line is 2.5cm. In experiments, the multiple pingers of a single frequency were distinguished and tracked successfully. When the experiment is carried out in the water tank, some multi-path pulses always occur. To delete it, several 10 ms of time delay is inserted onto the program after a group of the normal signals are received. Some normal pulses are not received by the time delay, however there is no problem, practically, for the distinction and the tracking of the pulse. In 2-dimensional positioning, the pinger position can be calculated with three hydrophones. However, if four hydrophones are available, the positioning accuracy will be higher than three hydrophones only by some techniques. Another good feature of the use of four hydrophones is that the positioning of the pinger is capable if a hydrophone fails in receiving them. We also tested this distinguishing method in the field using another type pingers(APPENDIXA).
The final goal of our research is developing not a simple collision a1ann equipment for the blinded walkers, but the apparatus (Audio- Vision System) which can simulate vision based on auditory information so that the blinds can figure the three dimensional space in front of them. On the way to the final goal, in this study, simulation software was developed and verified. Thirty normal volunteers were included in the subject group and the average age Was 25.8 years old. After being accustomed to the system by evaluating 10 blinded virtual spaces, the volunteers performed test using another set of 10 blinded virtual spaces. The results of test were scored by shape, center, margin, and gradient surface of objects in virtual space. The score of each checking point ranged from 1 to 5, and the full score was converted to 100. As results of this study, the total score ranged from 77 to 97 with the average of 88.7. In this study, a simulation software was developed and verified to have acceptable success rale. By combining to visual sensors, the vision-reconstruction system based on auditory signal (Audio-vision System) may be developed.
Press drying was used on italian poplar (Populus euamericana) to find the profitable means of drying. This study was designed to investigate the process of platen drying considering core temperature, drying time, current moisture content, drying rate, shrinkage and recovery, and green volume specific gravity, equilibrium moisture content and dimensional stability of press dried material and air dried material, The drying tests were conducted using 1.5 centimeter thick material at platen temperature of
In the present age dominate by both cer-taingty of 1% and uncertainty of 99% 'Fuzzy thinking' of Bart Kosko that is the way to solve the problems by the scientific way through a worldview of Buddhism or Taoism greatly prevails around the world over 'Lateral greatly prevails around the world over 'Lateral thinking' and the authenticity or the right and-wrong of the uncertainty which is the thinking way to find the answer of the problems of illogical way of Edward de Beno against the western vertical thinking were Concurrently fashion designers over the world also adopt the oriental elements. But there exist differences of thoughts between the orient and the occident. And they have dif-ferent thinking way of aestheticism and references of the value on the beauty. Not only beauty but the view through the mind as intuitional thought in which not only the rec-ognition of sense but also the rationalism and the naturalness play key role. The aesthetic sense in the orient contains both the truth and virtue. 2) The beauty of the mean It's from the thought of neutralization of Confucius. The mean or moderation state which in harmony with ethical virtue and aes-thetic beauty is the ideal and is the ultimate. Therefore the thought of Confucian is the creativity in which the balance and the har-mony is most important. Fashion design is also one of the representation of the mean because the spirit of the designer is harmonized for-mlessly with the object of the model of the fashion design. 2) The beauty of skillfulness It indicates the Taoism of Lao-tzu and Chuangtzu. It takes a super-artistic declar-ation that human can feel and recognize the color of colorlessness the sound of sound-lessness and the taste of tastelessness. The thought of arts affected by Taoism is 'ad-vanced age' called the beauty of skillfulness. The view of arts of lao-tzu takes the beauty of cosmos and the nature as a standard. Es-pecially the beauty of inactivity is recognized by the linkage between the beauty and the ugliness. And these things appear in fashion design as a design element such as humor or exaggeration. 3) The beauty of non-dualism It is thought of Buddhism that all evil passions of worry occur form the opposition in dualism. Finally this thought leads to that everything is consistent and truth is only one from the point of view that virtue and vice has on linkage that is 'no virtues no vices' and 'one with two, two, with one, one is not two' A big tendency like this became the root forma-tion of the thought of the oriental arts. 3. Characteristics of the oriental aesthetic sense on the present fashion design 1) The formation of the fashion design on the oriental elements In the picture-incantation which was a representation of an era when the thought of 'cosmic dual forces' dominated the basic polygons of 'a circle square triangle' means both 'one two three' and 'the negative positive mean' of cosmic elements. From this point of view the was of planner cutting in the Orient is dif-ferent from that of the Occidental which is in three-dimensional. The planner polygon type of the cut-pieces comes to have the meaning of the three-dimension when they consist of a suit that has the combination of each cut-piece. This shows the consistency with the principle of cosmos creation of Taoism that one is two two is three and three is every-thing. 2) The coloring and the symbolic represen-tation of the fashion design on the orien-tal elements The sense on the colors in the Orient from the thought of 'the cosmic dual forces and the five elements' is not the experi-enced from the knowledge but contains the consideration of philosophy Five-primary-color representing compass directions Blue(East) Red(South) Yellow(Center) White (West) and Black (North) is called ' the posi-tive' for this five-primary-color secondary-color which comes from the compound of the primary colors is called 'the negative' The thought of 'the cosmic dual forces and the five elements' is also an theory containing the natural order of the cos-mos and this shows the perceptional differ-ence that they are not conceptual but to be recognized and fell directly. A thought of Buddhism which is 'Colors are colorlessness and Clolorlessness are color's proves that. 3) The pattern and symbolic representation of the fashion design on the oriental elements The pattern as a visual style is a figure of symbolic representation which adopt the mental and physical world of human and are the compo-sition of artistic revelation of the human nature and the religous thought of incantation. Es-pecially the symbolic representation of the oriental thought of Confusion. Buddhism and Taoism There are patterns such as plants aminals the oriental four gods and geometry. From the above it's the time toward the 21'th century when the world is constructing one global area and one historical zone. And the exotic mood of the Orient represented in the fashion which doesn't make the common feeling in general does not cease to develop only to express the visual modeling but also adopts the thought religion and the art which are the root of the Orientail and contains inherent willing of modeling.
Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers(ADCPs) have capability to concurrently capitalize three-dimensional velocity vector and bathymetry with highly efficient and rapid manner, and thereby enabling ADCPs to document the hydrodynamic and morphologic data in very high spatial and temporal resolution better than other contemporary instruments. However, ADCPs are also limited in terms of the inevitable unmeasured regions near bottom, surface, and edges of a given cross-section. The velocity in those unmeasured regions are usually extrapolated or assumed for calculating flow discharge, which definitely affects the accuracy in the discharge assessment. This study aimed at scrutinizing a conventional extrapolation method(i.e., the 1/6 power law) for estimating the unmeasured regions to figure out the accuracy in ADCP discharge measurements. For the comparative analysis, we collected spatially dense velocity data using ADV as well as stationary ADCP in a real-scale straight river channel, and applied the 1/6 power law for testing its applicability in conjunction with the logarithmic law which is another representative velocity law. As results, the logarithmic law fitted better with actual velocity measurement than the 1/6 power law. In particular, the 1/6 power law showed a tendency to underestimate the velocity in the near surface region and overestimate in the near bottom region. This finding indicated that the 1/6 power law could be unsatisfactory to follow actual flow regime, thus that resulted discharge estimates in both unmeasured top and bottom region can give rise to discharge bias. Therefore, the logarithmic law should be considered as an alternative especially for the stationary ADCP discharge measurement. In addition, it was found that ADCP should be operated in at least more than 0.6 m of water depth in the left and right edges for better estimate edge discharges. In the future, similar comparative analysis might be required for the moving boat ADCP discharge measurement method, which has been more widely used in the field.
shows the channel structures analyzed in this study. Before the Internet channel is introduced, a monopoly manufacturer sells its products through an independent physical store. From this structure, the manufacturer could introduce its own Internet channel (MI). The independent physical store could also introduce its own Internet channel and coordinate it with the existing physical store (RI). An independent Internet retailer such as Amazon could enter this market (II). In this case, two types of independent retailers compete with each other. In this model, consumers are uniformly distributed on the two dimensional space. Consumer heterogeneity is captured by a consumer's geographical location (ci) and his disutility of using the Internet channel ( shows various market conditions captured by the two consumer heterogeneities. (a) illustrates a market with symmetric consumer distributions. The model captures explicitly the asymmetric distributions of consumer disutility in a market as well. In a market like that is represented in (c), the average consumer disutility of using an Internet store is relatively smaller than that of using a physical store. For example, this case represents the market in which 1) the product is suitable for Internet transactions (e.g., books) or 2) the level of E-Commerce readiness is high such as in Denmark or Finland. On the other hand, the average consumer disutility when using an Internet store is relatively greater than that of using a physical store in a market like summarizes the various scenarios of consumer distributions analyzed in this study. The range for disutility of using the Internet (
summarizes the analysis results. As the average travel cost in a market decreases while the average disutility of Internet use remains the same, average retail price, total quantity sold, physical store profit, monopoly manufacturer profit, and thus, total channel profit increase. On the other hand, the quantity sold through the Internet and the profit of the Internet store decrease with a decreasing average travel cost relative to the average disutility of Internet use. We find that a channel that has an advantage over the other kind of channel serves a larger portion of the market. In a market with a high average travel cost, in which the Internet store has a relative advantage over the physical store, for example, the Internet store becomes a mass-retailer serving a larger portion of the market. This result implies that the Internet becomes a more significant distribution channel in those markets characterized by greater geographical dispersion of buyers, or as consumers become more proficient in Internet usage. The results indicate that the degree of price discrimination also varies depending on the distribution of consumer disutility in a market. The manufacturer in a market in which the average travel cost is higher than the average disutility of using the Internet has a stronger incentive for price discrimination than the manufacturer in a market where the average travel cost is relatively lower. We also find that the manufacturer has a stronger incentive to maintain a high price level when the average travel cost in a market is relatively low. Additionally, the retail competition effect due to Internet channel introduction strengthens as average travel cost in a market decreases. This result indicates that a manufacturer's channel power relative to that of the independent physical retailer becomes stronger with a decreasing average travel cost. This implication is counter-intuitive, because it is widely believed that the negative impact of Internet channel introduction on a competing physical retailer is more significant in a market like Russia, where consumers are more geographically dispersed, than in a market like Hong Kong, that has a condensed geographic distribution of consumers.
Distinction and Tracking of Multiple Pingers Using a Single Frequency
(단일 주파수에 의한 복수의 초음파 핑거의 식별 및 추적)
Development of Processing Program for Audio-vision System Based on Auditory Input
(청각을 이용한 시각 재현장치의 분석프로그램 개발)
Study on Press-drying of Italian Poplar Board and its Effect on Improvement of Wood Property
(이태리포푸라재(材)의 건조성(乾燥性) 및 성질개선(性質改善)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))
A Study about the Aesthetics of Oriental in Modern Fashion design
(현대패션디자인에 나타난 동양의 미의식 연구)
Accuracy Analysis of ADCP Stationary Discharge Measurement for Unmeasured Regions
(ADCP 정지법 측정 시 미계측 영역의 유량 산정 정확도 분석)
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