• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.154-159
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• 2014

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is widely used to aid the navigation of aerial vehicles. However, the GPS cannot be used indoors, so alternative navigation methods are needed to be developed for micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) flying in GPS-denied environments. In this paper, a real-time three-dimensional (3-D) indoor navigation system and closed-loop control of a quad-rotor aerial vehicle equipped with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a low-cost light detection and ranging (LIDAR) is presented. In order to estimate the pose of the vehicle equipped with the two-dimensional LIDAR, an octree-based grid map and Monte-Carlo Localization (MCL) are adopted. The navigation results using the MCL are then evaluated by making a comparison with a motion capture system. Finally, the results are used for closed-loop control in order to validate its positioning accuracy during procedures for stable hovering and waypoint-following.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2003

Three-dimensional solid model has not been widely used in surgical prediction of orthognathic surgery because frequent artifacts from occlusal restorations or prosthesis limited the usefulness of simulated surgery involving occlusion. We prepared three-dimensional(3D) solid model from CT data and integrated the 3D solid model with dental cast using a face-bow transfer technique combined with skeletal reference measurement and confirmation with cephalometric radiographs. With this simple and easy method, it was possible to predict bony interference between the proximal and distal segment of the mandible so that we can prevent condylar displacement after sagittal split ramus osteotomy of the mandible with prominent asymmetry. The method error was within 2mm and it seemed to be useful in preoperative planning for maxillofacial surgery with maxillo-mandibular occlusal change.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.589-592
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• 2005

Since G.N. Hounsfield's clinical use of computed tomography in 1971, digital imaging technique using computers has shown an eye opening progress. Progress has made 3-dimensional understanding of not only facial bones but muscles and other connective tissues possible through 3-dimensional reconstruction of preexisting tomographical images. Also, quantitative analysis of density, distance, volume has become possible, allowing objective analysis of preoperative and postoperative states through imaging. The authors measured the masseter muscle volume of 20 normal individuals and 8 female patients through 3-D reconstructive CT imaging and made a statistical analysis of the measurements. The method used in our study may be applied to the diagnosis of disease causing the change of the facial volume and presurgical design as a useful tool to provide objective information on the evaluation of surgery outcome.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.180-184
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• 2023

Scholars have proposed wafer-level bonding and three-dimensional (3D) stacked integrated circuit (IC) and have investigated Cu-Cu bonding to overcome the limitation of Moore's law. However, information about quantitative Cu-Cu direct-bonding conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and interfacial adhesion energy, is scant. This study determines the optimal temperature and pressure for Cu-Cu bonding by varying the bonding temperature to 100, 150, 200, 250, and 350 ℃ and pressure to 2,303 and 3,087 N/cm². Various conditions and methods for surface treatment were performed to prevent oxidation of the surface of the sample and remove organic compounds in Cu direct bonding as variables of temperature and pressure. EDX experiments were conducted to confirm chemical information on the bonding characteristics between the substrate and Cu to confirm the bonding mechanism between the substrate and Cu. In addition, after the combination with the change of temperature and pressure variables, UTM measurement was performed to investigate the bond force between the substrate and Cu, and it was confirmed that the bond force increased proportionally as the temperature and pressure increased.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2001

근대 산업에서 기계 부품들의 정밀도와 표면 마무리 조건은 그 어느 때보다 더 절박하게 요구되고 있는 가운데, 표면 형상의 측정과 이해는 공학 기술자뿐만 아니라 물리학자나 화학자도 논은 관심을 갖게 되었다. 이런 상황에서 광학적 측정 방법은 opto-mechatronics의 이점을 가지고 진동 측정이나 균열, 결함의 검출 등의 분야에서 유용한 측정 방법으로 사용되고 있고, 표면 형상학의 분야에서 다시 한 번 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 기대를 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 공초점 현미경의 원리에 대해 서술하였고, 기존의 스캔 방식 공초점 현미경보다 한 차원 개선된 3차원 표면형상 측정 시스템을 개발하였다. 그리고, 표면의 기하적인 형상에 대한 정보를 얻고 그 형상을 가시화하기 위해 컴퓨터 시스템과 통합하고 그에 필요한 소프트웨어를 개발하였다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.304-315
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• 2021

PURPOSE. Esthetic expectations have increased the use of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) clasps as alternatives to Cr-Co in removable partial dentures (RPDs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the retentive force and dimensional change of clasps with different thickness and undercut made from PEEK by the thermo-mechanical fatigue. MATERIALS AND METHODS. PEEK clasps (N = 48) with thicknesses of 1 or 1.50 mm and 48 premolar monolithic zirconia crowns with undercuts of 0.25 mm or 0.50 mm were fabricated. Samples are divided into four groups (C1-C4) and were subjected to 7200 thermal aging cycles (at 5 - 55℃). The changes in the retentive force and dimensions of the clasps were measured by micro-stress testing and micro-CT devices from five measurement points (M1 - M5). One-way ANOVA, paired t-test, two-way repeated ANOVA, and post-hoc tests were used to analyze the data (P < .05). RESULTS. The retentive forces of C1, C2, C3, and C4 groups in initial and final test were found to be 4.389-3.388 N, 4.67 - 3.396 N, 5.161 - 4.096 N, 5.459 - 4.141 N, respectively. The effects of retentive force of all PEEK clasps groups were significant decreased. Thermo-mechanical cycles caused significant dimensional changes at points with M2, M4, and M5, and abraded the clasp corners and increased the distance between the ends of the clasp, resulting in reduced retentive forces (P^* = .016, P^* = .042, P < .001, respectively). CONCLUSION. Thermo-mechanical aging decreases the retentive forces in PEEK clasps. Increasing the thickness and undercut amount of clasps decreases the amount of dimensional change. The values measured after aging are within the clinically acceptable limits.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 고주파 Radio-Frequency Interference (RFI) 측정용 프로브로 널리 쓰이는 Printed Spiral Coil(PSC)의 고주파 등가회로 모델이 제안되었다. 제안된 모델은 고주파 정합성을 확보하기 위하여 PSC의 설계변수에 기반한 분포 모델로 설계되었으며, 제안된 분포 등가회로 모델을 바탕으로 T-Pi 등가변환을 이용한 PSC의 고주파 해석적 모델 역시 새로이 제안되었다. 제안된 모델의 실제 고주파 RFI 측정 시 효용성을 확인하기 위하여, 임의의 RFI 노이즈 원으로 설계된 마이크로스트립 라인과 PSC 사이의 전달함수를 제안된 모델과 상호 인덕턴스를 결합하여 추출하였다. 제안된 PSC 모델의 자기 임피던스(self-impedance)와 전달함수는 3-dimensional field solver를 이용한 시뮬레이션 및 실 측정으로 검증되었으며, 6 GHz까지 높은 정합성을 보이는 것이 확인되었다. 제안된 PSC의 자기 임피던스 및 전달함수 모델은 GHz 영역의 고주파 통신대역에서의 RFI 측정용 프로브 설계 및 노이즈 간섭 예측에 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2006

모델링을 통한 교량구조물의 동적인 특성은 주로 구조물의 기학학적 형상에서 계산된 강성과 질량에 의해서 결정된다. 따라서 본 연구는 합성단면을 갖는 강판형거더교량의 FE 모델링 기법을 제시하고 제시된 모델링 기법은 실계측된 동특성과 비교 분석하여 유용성을 제시했다. 제시된 FE 모델링 기법은 단순화된 1-2차원 모델과 3차원 상세모델로 구분하여 각각의 기법을 제안하고 유용성을 보여 주었다. 구조물의 동적 응답은 상부 슬래브를 지지하는 거더에 가속도계를 부착하여 일반 차량하중 상태에서 발생하는 상시 진동에 의해 측정되었다. 이렇게 측정된 교차파워스펙트럼을 역퓨리에 변환에 의해 교차상관함수로 변환하여 구조물의 특성을 분석하였다. 이들결과는 FE모델링의 결과와 비교하여 제안된 모델링 기법의 유용성을 제시하였다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1991

Gravity study was carried out to investigate the structure and total mass of the Bupyeong silver deposits closely related to formation of the Bupyeong caldera. Survey region covers $3.3{\times}6.6km^2$ over silver deposits and is comprised of 334 gravity measurement stations. An apparent regional gravity trend parallel to the west coast line is mainly attributed to isostasy. A least square isostasy model was used for the regional correction. A Fortan subroutine was coded to calculate 3-dimensional subsurface model. The calculated gravity values from the 3-dimensional model of the caldera with silver deposits agree with observed anomalies relatively well. Gravity anomaly due to Bupyeong silver deposits reaches to +3.5 mgal from the background value and anomaly due to the caldera reaches to -4 mgal. But the maximum negative anomaly of the caldera would be much greater at its center. The total mass of silver deposits calculated from the subsurface model is $4.19{\times}10^9$ tons. Although the economic part of silver deposits depends on the grade of orebody, we expect that there are still large amount of silver reserves in Bupyeong area.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2016

광학 부품 표면의 3차원 측정을 위하여 투과형 편향법을 이용하였다. 한 장의 영상으로부터 변화된 위상을 추출하기 위하여 Hilbert 변환을 이용하였다. 편향법은 면적이 비교적 크고 거울과 같이 산란이 거의 없는 물체의 3차원 측정을 하는데 유용하다. 편향법을 통해 얻은 왜곡 무늬와 hilbert 변환한 영상을 이용하여 위상을 구했으며, 이로부터 파면의 기울기를 측정하고, 구한 기울기로부터 3차원 프로파일을 구하기 위해 최소자승법을 이용하였다. 전산기 시늉과 실험을 통해 Hilbert 변환을 이용한 3차원 측정법이 유용함을 확인하였다.