• 센서학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.307-311
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• 2022

With the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, numerous people worldwide connect with various electronic devices via Human-Machine Interfaces (HMIs). Considering that HMIs are a new concept of dynamic interactions, wearable electronics have been highlighted owing to their lightweight, flexibility, stretchability, and attachability. In particular, wearable strain sensors have been applied to a multitude of practical applications (e.g., fitness and healthcare) by conformally attaching such devices to the human skin. However, the stretchable elastomer in a wearable sensor has an intrinsic stretching limitation; therefore, structural advances of wearable sensors are required to develop practical applications of wearable sensors. In this study, we demonstrated a 3-dimensional (3D), porous, and piezoelectric strain sensor for sensing body movements. More specifically, the device was fabricated by mixing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyvinylidene fluoride nanoparticles (PVDF NPs) as the matrix and piezoelectric materials of the strain sensor. The porous structure of the strain sensor was formed by a sugar cube-based 3D template. Additionally, mixing methods of PVDF piezoelectric NPs were optimized to enhance the device sensitivity. Finally, it is verified that the developed strain sensor could be directly attached onto the finger joint to sense its movements.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.916-921
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• 1997

In this study Characteristics of 3-D underwater object recognition independent of translation using the self-made ultrasonic sensor fabricated with porous piezoelectric resonator and presented. The sensor was satisfied with requirement of ultrasonic sensor. The recognition rates for the training data and the testing data are 97.45 and 91.25[%] respectively using the self-made ultrasonic sensor and SCL(Simple Competitive Learning) neural network. According to the experimental results It is believed that the self-made ultrasonic sensor can be applied as sensor of SONAR system.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2017

The accurate prediction of leakage flow through the brush element of brush seal at the steam turbine is important to find optimum design parameters for increasing an efficiency. In this study, CFD analysis method using commercial software FLUENT is proposed to predict leakage through the brush element. Since the brush element has a complex three-dimensional shape with many bristle assemblies, it is difficult to analyze the flow field. Therefore, if the brush element is assumed to be porous medium region, the analysis time can be shortened. Two determination methods of resistance coefficients of the Darcian porous medium equation are suggested. By comparing the 2D and 3D CFD analysis results for the leakage of the brush element using the two resistance coefficient determination methods, the effectiveness of the analysis for the porous medium assumption is proved.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.404-409
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• 2018

나노사이즈의 유기물과 무기물을 조합하여 계층적인 크기의 기공을 가지는 촉매의 개발은 서로 다른 특징을 갖는 물질의 구조제어를 통한 반응물의 이동 통로를 만들어 주어 다양한 촉매에 적용 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 계층적 크기의 기공을 가지기 때문에 PET 글리콜리시스에서 우수한 촉매 활성을 보일 수 있는 코발트 옥사이드/그래핀 3D 젤을 수열합성법에 의하여 제조하였다. 코발트 옥사이드와 그래핀 시트의 상호작용에 의하여 3D 젤을 얻었고, 다양한 크기의 기공 구조는 넓은 활성 면적을 주어 코발트 옥사이드의 효과적인 촉매반응을 가능하게 하였다. 촉매로 사용하였을 때 코발트와 그래핀의 시너지 효과는 제조한 물질의 구조적 장점을 가지도록 하였고, 제조한 물질을 PET 분해반응의 BHET의 높은 전환률(97.5%), 빠른 PET 분해속도(94.5%, 60 min), 반응 안정성(93.1%, 18회 재사용) 등 우수한 촉매 활성능을 보였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.2114-2116
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• 2004

센서의 소형화 되는 추세에 전극 면적은 sensitivity의 중요한 요인이다. 본 연구에서는 콜레스테롤을 측정하기 위해 각각 planar 전극과 porous 전극에 효소 고정화 방법으로 covalent binding인 silanization 공정을 이용하여 전극 면적에 따른 전기화학적 감도를 비교하였다. Handles-Sevcik equation을 이용하여 전극 면적을 구한 결과 planar 전극의 경우 0.1608 $cm^2$, porous 전극의 경우 0.5054 $cm^2$로 porous 전극 면적이 planar전극에 비해 약 3.1배 증가하였다. 또, planar 센서의 sensitivity는 0.08567 ${\mu}A/mM{\cdot}cm^2$이고 porous 센서의 sensitivity는 planar sensor에 비해 약 3.1배 증가한 0.2656 ${\mu}A/mM{\cdot}cm^2$였다. 따라서 porous sensor의 sensitivity의 증가는 전극 면적의 증가에 따른 것이라고 할 수 있다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.2295-2298
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• 2012

We describe herein a three-dimensionally diverse micropatterning of poly(lactic acid), as a biopolymer, using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids (bmim-based RTILs), [bmim]X (X = $SbF_6$, $PF_6$, $NTf_2$, Cl). Utilizing the hydrophobic bmim-based RTILs, [bmim]X (X = $SbF_6$, $PF_6$, $NTf_2$) and a phase separation technique, we were able to produce white and opaque membranes with a three-dimensional structure closely packed with particles ($10-50{\mu}m$ in diameter). The particlulate structure, made by the assistance of [bmim]$NTf_2$ and DCM, interestingly transformed to a fibrous structure by using a cosolvent, e.g., DCM/$CF_3CH_2OH$. When we used an increased amount of [bmim]$NTf_2$, the particles were effectively detached and macrosized ($100-500{\mu}m$ in diameter) and the oval-shaped beads were obtained in a powder form. By varying the counter-anion type of the imidazolium-based RTIL, for example from $NTf_2^-$ to $Cl^-$, the particulate 3D-morphology was once more transformed to a porous structure. These reserch results could be potentially useful, as a method to fabricate particulate scaffolds, fibrous or porous scaffolds, and beads as a biopolymer device in diverse fields including drug delivery, tissue regeneration, and biomedical engineering.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.37-57
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• 2020

This work investigates a new type of quasi-3D hyperbolic shear deformation theory is proposed in this study to discuss the statics and free vibration of functionally graded porous plates resting on elastic foundations. Material properties of porous FG plate are defined by rule of the mixture with an additional term of porosity in the through-thickness direction. By including indeterminate integral variables, the number of unknowns and governing equations of the present theory is reduced, and therefore, it is easy to use. The present approach to plate theory takes into account both transverse shear and normal deformations and satisfies the boundary conditions of zero tensile stress on the plate surfaces. The equations of motion are derived from the Hamilton principle. Analytical solutions are obtained for a simply supported plate. Contrary to any other theory, the number of unknown functions involved in the displacement field is only five, as compared to six or more in the case of other shear and normal deformation theories. A comparison with the corresponding results is made to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the present theory. The influences of the porosity parameter, power-law index, aspect ratio, thickness ratio and the foundation parameters on bending and vibration of porous FG plate.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part2
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• pp.1012-1013
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• 2006

A technology of hardening porous materials of titan powders has been elaborated. The technology is based on passing alternating current with duration of ${\sim}10^{-1}{\ldots}10^1$ s through porous ($35{\ldots}40%$) blanks made by method of Sintering by Electric Discharge (SED) by passing a pulse of current with duration of ${\sim}10^{-5}{\ldots}10^{-3}$ s. The influence of technological regimes of porous blanks treatment on their structure and properties is investigated. Geometry and dimension of contact necks between powder particles of obtained samples are evaluated. Variations of porosity and strengths as well as microstructure of porous samples materials before and after treatment are investigated. Optimum range of treatment technological regimes is determined within which porosity of $30{\ldots}35%$ with maximum strength values.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.213-214
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• 2007

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.167-171
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• 2009

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres have been a useful tool as a controlled drug delivery system for peptides and proteins. Recently, porous microspheres have gained great attention as inhalation drug delivery system due to their low aerodynamic densities. Here, we report highly porous PLGA microspheres, which were prepared by using a single o/w emulsification/solvent evaporation method. Two types of porogen, i.e., (i) extractable Pluronic F127 and (ii) gas foaming salt of ammonium bicarbonate, were used to induce pores on the surface of PLGA microspheres. The respective preparation conditions on dp/cp ratio and porogen concentration were determined by the previous preliminary experiments, and other preparation factors were further optimized on the basis of PLGA Mw and porogen type. The morphological features examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) show these porous microspheres have highly porous surface structure with a diameter range of 20${\sim}$30 ${\mu}$m. These highly porous PLGA microspheres, which have much lower density, would be a practical aerosol system for pulmonary drug delivery.