• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.593-598
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• 2003

The effects of bisphenol A on the catalase activities in the development stage of zebrafish were investigated. In this study, the catalase activities for zebrafish fries exposed to bisphenol A of 1${\times}$10$\^$-10 g/$\ell$ during 1 week, 2 week, and 4 week post-hatching were examined. Also, the changes of organs weight and the catalase activities for adult zebrafishes exposed to bisphenol A during 3 weeks were investigated. Catalase activities for zebrafish fries exposed to bisphenol A of 1${\times}$10$\^$-10/ g/$\ell$ during 1 week post-hatching were significantly lower, compared to the control. Somewhat, for zebrafish fries exposed to bisphenol A during 4 week post-hatching, catalase activities were significantly increased. For adult zebrafishes, the effects of bisphenol A were higher for female than male. Specially, catalase activities were significantly increased in the ovary of zebrafishes exposed to bisphenol A during 3 weeks. The ovary weight were increased for zebrafishes exposed to bisphenol A during 3 weeks. Catalase activities were increased in the intestine of female exposed to bisphenol A during 3 weeks. Catalase activities were increased in testis exposed to bisphenol A during 3 weeks but there was no significance. In conclusion, the damages of an endocrine disrupter were higher in the earlier development stage compared with adult. The damages were higher for female exposed to an endocrine disrupter compared with male.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.102-108
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the epidemiological prevalence of diseases from birth to weaning in 66 dairy calves which were delivered from three stock farm in Chonbuk area. We examined body weight gain, incidence rate of diseases and population mortality rate in relation to age, season, environmental temperature and rearing management conditions for one year. The results of this experiment were as follows: Birth weight of dairy calves born of primiparae was lower than those of multiparae. But no significant difference in body weight gain was observable between dairy calves born of primiparae and those of multiparae. Body weight gain of diseased calves was lower than normal calves. Of 66 delivered calves, 34 calves(51.5%) were affected with gastronitestinal and/or respiratory diseases. The prevalence of the diseases were gastrointestinal disease(28.7%), respiratory disease(18.2%), and gastronitestinal and respiratory disease(4.6%). The gastronitestinal disease was occurred contrinually regardless of the season. Whereas all of the respiratory disease were occurred in winter and a change of season(December to April). 68.4% of the gastronitestinal disease, and all of the respiratory disease were occurred at atmospheric temperatures below 1$0^{\circ}C$. 89.5% of the gastronitestinal disease were occurred within 3 weeks old, whereas 50% of the respiratory disease were occurred intensively between 3 weeks and 4 weeks old. Of 66 delivered dairy claves, 2 calves were died(3%) with respriratory disease.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.408-416
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• 2010

To evaluate the effectiveness of AMF on the growth of horticultural crops, we compared mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants, perilla (P. frutescens Britt.), that were inoculated with AMF propagules. In the early stages of growth of perilla, compared to the AMF- perilla seedlings, in AMF+ perilla seedlings at 3 weeks after sowing, leaf length and width increased 17% and 29%, leaf area increased 28%, and shoot fresh weight increased 33%, root total length increased 1%, and chlorophyll content increased 3%. Further at 10 weeks after sowing, compared to the AMF- perilla plants, in perilla plants inoculated with AMF at the sowing and transplanting stages, leaf area increased 21% and 19%, shoot length increased 19% and 17%, root fresh weight increased 17% and 20%, and chlorophyll content increased 5.1% and 4.8%, respectively. Moreover, at 14 weeks after sowing, compared to the AMFperilla plants, in perilla plants inoculated with AMF at the sowing and transplanting stages, the number of leaves increased 16% and 20%, root fresh weight increased 16% and 17% significantly. Further, leaf fresh weight increased 9% and 11%, shoot diameter increased 4.5% and 7.3%, and chlorophyll content increased 1.5% and 2.5%, respectively. The levels of many macronutrients and micronutrients were tended to be significantly higher in AMF+ plants than in AMF- plants, supporting the association between AMF and enhanced growth of plants grown from AMF+ seedlings.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 1975

To study the effect of the tetracycline-HCl on the growth of the rats, the author made a daily injection of tetracycline-HCl in the amount of 40mg/kg of body weight to the lactating mother and weanling rats for 7 days. Lactating and weanling young rats were killed at a week intervals and removed tibia and mandible from soft tissues. The effect of the tetracycline on the growth of rats were analysed from the weight, the length of tibia and the size of mandible. The results were as follows: 1. Tetracycline inhibited the growth of young rats. 2. Inhibitory effects were greater ill the weanling group than the lactating group. 3. The inhibitory effect was marked just after the injection of tetracycline-HCl in body weight and after a week in mandible and tibia. 4. The inhibitory effect of growth nab continued for 2-3 weeks in body weight and 3-4 weeks in tibia and mandible. 5. In growth of mandible, the antero-posterior growth was more inhibited than the vertical.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 1995

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of internal parasites on growth rates of Thai Native (TN) and crossbred (75% TN $\times$ 25% Anglo-Nubian, AN and 50% TN $\times$ 50% AN) goats (undrenched, drenched every 3 weeks or at 9 weeks) in village environments in southern Thailand in a humid tropical climate. There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in growth rate ($g/kg^{0.75}/d$) between the genotypes during unsupplemented grazing (0-64 days of the experimental period). However, during supplementary feeding (64-127 days) and throughout the period (0-127 days) TN goats had significantly (p < 0.01) lower growth rates compared with 75% TN $\times$ 25% AN and 50% TN $\times$ 50% AN goats. There was no (p > 0.05) significant difference in growth rates between 75% TN $\times$ 25% AN and 50% TN $\times$ 50 % AN goats. The growth rates of goats drenched every 3 weeks were significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those undrenched or drenched at 9 weeks. The results of this study also indicate that drenching alone did not result in increased weight gain except when the nutritional status was also improved. Parasitic infection affected some blood constituents, such as pack cell volume, haemoglobin, total protein and albumin. This resulted in lower growth rates for control groups and goats drenched at 9 weeks compared to those of goats drenched every 3 weeks.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.566-573
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• 2017

The study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, viability, and uniformity of female crossbred Korean native chickens (KNC) for the first twelve weeks after hatching. Six crossbreed lines of chickens (1B, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, and 6B) bred from 1 paternal line and 6 maternal lines of KNC were compared in this study. Sixty newly hatched 1-day old chicks from each crossbreed, for a total of 360 chickens, were allocated into 6 replicates (10 birds per replicate) in a complete randomized design. Experimental diets used in this study consisted of 3 phases: 1) week 0 to 5, crude protein 20.3% and metabolizable energy 3,059 kcal/kg; 2) week 5 to 8, crude protein 18.6% and metabolizable energy 3,123 kcal/kg; and 3) week 8 to 12, crude protein 16.7% and metabolizable energy 3,187 kcal/kg. Body weight and feed intake were measured bi-weekly during the experiment. The 4B crossbreed had a higher body weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake on week 12 (p < 0.05) than the other groups. The 4B crossbreed had a lower (p < 0.05) uniformity during weeks 10 to 12 than crossbreeds 1B and 5B. However, a lower viability was observed (p > 0.05) in 4B in weeks 2 to 12 than those in the other groups. Results of the current study indicate that the 4B crossbreed had a higher growth performance in week 12 but had a lower viability for weeks 2 to 12 than the other crossbreeds.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.379-385
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• 1998

The study was designated to investigate the gross findings following treatment with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in rats. Forty four male rats (Sprague Dawley), initially 5 to 6 weeks of age and 120 to 150gm in body weight were continuously given water containing 0.01% DEN for 13 weeks and 3~6 rats per week were randomly sacrified at intervals of a week from 8 weeks to 17 weeks. The numbers of rats died until 17 weeks were 11 rats and first death occurred at 10 weeks. Body, liver and spleen weights were weighed and the relative weight levels of the liver and spleen per body weights were increased from 4.4% and 0.5% at control groups to 15.1% and 1.1% at 17 weeks. The numbers of RBC were not varied but PCV were decreased from 44.5% in control group to 27.5% in 16 weeks. A few of greyish-white foci or nodules of tumors were developed or not on the surfaces of the livers at 8 weeks but were developed on all livers after 9 weeks. The diameter of the largest tumor from all rat livers was 35.8 mm at 12 weeks. The numbers of developed tumors per a rat liver were appeared to be about 20 in 13 weeks and about 50~60 in 17 weeks. The diameter of some larger tumors were found to be 3~9mm in 13 weeks and 7~15mm in 17 weeks and more number of tumors were developed in the visceral surfaces than in the diaphragmatic surfaces of the livers. The parenchymae of livers were fragility.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary protein and exercise on bone mineral density and bone mineral content of growing male rats. Forty male, Sprague-Dawley rats(age 21 days) were assigned to four groups that underwent 9 weeks of experimental treatment. Animals were assigned to one of two exercise treatments (treadmill running or sedentary). The exercise and nonexercise group were fed a diet containing casein or soy with rich isoflavones (3.4mg/g protein). The exercise group ran on a rodent treadmill(speed of 15m/min for 30min) three days per week during the 9-week study period. All rats were fed an experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Total bone mineral density (BMD), total bone mineral content (BMC), total body calcium, spine BMD and BMC, and femur BMD and BMC were determined by using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (FIXI-mus, GE Lunar Radiation Cooperation, Madison, WI, USA). The soy diet group appears to have a significantly higher total BMD/weight and total BMC/ weight, spine BMD/weight, spine BMC/weight, femur BMD/weight and femur BMC/weight compared to the casein group in nonexercise and exercise. The exercise group had significantly greater total BMD/weight and BMC/ weight, spine BMD/weight and BMC/weight, femur BMD/weight and BMC/weight compared to the nonexercise group when the protein source was casein. The exercise combined soy group had significantly greater total BMD/weight and BMC/weight, spine BMD/weight and BMC/weight, femur BMD/weight and BMC/weight, compared to the exercise combined casein group. The results indicate that exercise had a positive influence on bone mineral density and bone mineral content and soy significantly affect on bone mineral density and bone mineral content for the 9 weeks experimental period. It can be concluded that exercise combined with a soy diet is most beneficial for acquisition of spine bone mineral density in young growing male rats. This convincing evidence suggests that a change in life style such as increasing exercise and consumption of soy protein is a practical strategy for significantly reducing the incidence of osteoporosis.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Objectives : The present study has been undertaken to investigate the effects of Cervi Cornu on treatment of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Method : In this experiment, the rats were ovariectomized. Rats were administered by Cervi Cornu. The levels of bone mineral density, osteocalcin, ALP, calcium, phosphorus in serum, calcium, phosphorus, deoxypyridinoline in urine, ash weight of bone, body weight and uterus weight were measured. Results : 1. The levels of fibula-tibial bone mineral density were significantly increased in comparison with OVX group at 8 weeks in Cervi Cornu group. 2. The levels of serum osteocalcin showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group at 4 weeks in Cervi Cornu group. The levels of serum ALP and phosphorus showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group at 4, 8 weeks in Cervi Cornu group group. The levels of serum calcium showed significant increase in comparison with OVX group at 4, 8 weeks in Cervi Cornu group. 3. The levels of urine calcium, phosphorus and deoxypyridinoline showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group in Cervi Cornu group. 4. The levels of fibula-tibial ash weight showed significant increase in comparison with OVX group in Cervi Cornu group. 5. The levels of body weight were significantly decreased in comparison with OVX group at 4, 8 weeks in Cervi Cornu group. 6. The levels of uterus weight were significantly increased in comparison with OVX group in Cervi Cornu group. Conclusion : Reviewing these experimetal results, it appeared that Cervi Cornu had efficacy on treatment of osteoporosis.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2007

We have investigated the immunomodulatory activity of water extracts of Acanthopanax divaricatus var. alveofructus in male ICR mice. Mice were administrated with fermented milk containing freeze-dried extract 3 mg/Kg (A), 9 mg/kg (B), 27 mg/Kg (C) per body weight with A. divaricatus var. alveofructus (loots : leaves : stem) : Codonopsis lanceolata = (5 : 2 : 1.5) : 1.5 for 7 and 10 weeks, respectively. Body weight, relative organ weight, cellularity of lymphoid organs, plaque- forming cell (PFC) assay, agglutination (AGG) test and lymphoproliferation were examined in various groups of animals. Any significant differences of body weight gain were not recorded in the tested ICR mice. There was significant different (p<0.05) in the spleen index in B group of 10 weeks and C group of 7 weeks fed mouse. The thymus gain weight was increased during administration of the extract, but there was no significant increase on other organs gain. Humoral immunity as measured by PFC showed more decreased PFC level in 10 weeks than in 7 weeks. In the HT, A. divaricatus var. albeofructus extract also showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in C group of 10 weeks. Administration of extracts from A. divaricatus var. albeofructus increased significantly in the production of IgG antibodies on the mice immunized with SRBC in B group of 7 and 10 weeks (p<0.05).