• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.911-920
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• 1989

It this study, beam-type bend specimen is used to evaluate the interlaminar fracture toughness of laminated composite under mixed-mode deformations. The specimen is loaded under three-point bending and hence produced mixed-mode deformations in the vicinity of the crack tip according to the variation of the thickness ratio on delamination plane. Total energy release rate is obtained by elementary beam theory considering the effect of shear deformation. The partitioning of total value into mode-I and mode-II components is also performed. The mixed-mode interlaminar fracture toughness is evaluated by experiments on specimens with several thickness ratios of delamination plane. As the part of delamination plane is thicker, the effect of shear deformation on total energy release rate is increased. Beam-type bend specimen men may be applied to obtain informations on the mixed-mode interlaminar fracture behavior of laminated composites.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 1999

Since concrete is an inhomogeneous material consisting of larger aggregates and sand embedded in a cement paste matrix, it relatively shows a complex failure mechanism. In order to assure the reliability of concrete structure. microscopic fracture behavior and internal damage progress of concrete under the loading should be fully understood. In this study, an acoustic emission(AE) technique has been used to clarify microscopic failure mechanism and their corresponding AE signal characteristics of concrete under three-point bending test. In addition 2-dimensional AE source location has been performed to monitor the progress of an internal damage and the successive crack growth behavior during the loading. The relationship between AE signal characteristics and microscopic fracture mechanism is discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.813-820
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• 2021

In this study, a low-velocity impact test was performed to obtain the dynamic properties of solid propellants. The dynamic behavior of the solid propellant was examined by measuring the force and displacement of the impactor during the low-velocity impact test. The bending displacement was calculated by compensating for the local displacement caused by the low-velocity impact test in the form of three point bending and the shear displacement caused by using a short and thick solid propellant specimen. Stress and strain were calculated using compensated displacements and measured force, and dynamic properties of solid propellants were obtained from the stress-strain curve and compared with static bending test. The dynamic properties of solid propellant under the low-velocity impact loading at various operating temperature conditions such as room temperature(20 ℃), high temperature(63 ℃), and low temperature(-32 ℃) were compared and investigated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1990.11a
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• pp.36-40
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• 1990

세라믹재료는 ductility가 작아 그 강도가 균열의 가혹성, 즉 크기와 모양에 의하여 결정되는 특징을 가지고 있다. 한편 마모는 표면에 균열을 생성시킬 수 있기 때문에 강도에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 그러나 지금까지 강도에 미치는 마모의 영향은 잘 밝혀져 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 세라믹재료중에서도 물리적 성질들이 잘 알려져 있는 알루미나를 택하여 마모기구를 관찰하고 마모가 강도에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 소결후 고온등방가압 처리된 알루미나 소결체를 입수하여 3mmX4mmX40mm크기의 굽힘시험시편으로 가공하였다. 두개의 4mmX40mm면중에서 한명을 diamond paste $1\mu m$까지 사용하여 polishing하였다. 시편의 polishing된 면위에 질화규소 볼을 올려 놓고, 하중을 가한 상태에서 볼을 와복운동시켰다. 시편위에 형성되는 마모흔적의 길이를 16mm이상이 되도록 하였다. 왕복속도는 약 2 헤르쯔도 하였다. 하중은 300, 600, 900N으로 하였다. 윤활유로는 paraffin oil을 사용하였다. 마모시험이 끝난 시편을 광학현미경 및 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 후, 4-점굽힘시험하여 강도를 구하였다. 4-점굽힘시험시 외부 및 내부 지지점간의 거리는 30mm, 10mm로 하였으며, cross head speed는 분당 0.5mm로 하였다.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2010

A three-dimensional source distribution method is presented for the prediction of motions and vertical bending moments of ships travelling with forward speed in regular waves. Comparisons between theoretical and experimental results are shown for the motion responses and vertical bending moment of the S175 container ship model by Watanabe et al. The model ship was made of synthetic resins so as to simulate bending rigidity of a full scale ship. Numerical results are compared with experimental and numerical ones obtained in the literature. The results of comparison confirmed the validity of the proposed approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 1994

Numerical caiculations are made in order to find a possible relation between the J-integral and the crack mouth opening displacement(CMOD) in dynamic nonlinear fracture experiments. Both elastic-plastic and elastic-viscoplastic materials are considered at different impact velocities. The J-integral may be estimated from the crack mouth opening displacement which can be measured directiy from photographs taken during dynamic experiments.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3396-3402
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• 2014

The importance of shape design for strength is highly regarded when applied to thin plate products in Ceramic Injection Molding (CIM), such as cases for electronic goods. This study analyzed the characteristics of the mechanical strength of CIM product by measuring the flexural strength and elastic modulus through a 3-point bending test according to the thickness of a thin plate test piece prepared by CIM. The specimen with a thickness of 0.48mm required a 82.9~94.5N fracture load, whereas a 1.0mm thick test piece required 233.6~345.8N. The increase in thickness by 0.5mm resulted in a 3-fold increase in the fracture load, whereas the elastic modulus decreased by 20%. The thicker the specimen, the lower relative density and surface hardness of the specimen. This is because the thicker the specimen, the lower the powder fraction of the ceramic mixture, and the material properties partially change after sintering.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.23 no.8 s.185
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• pp.127-136
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• 2006

Metallic sandwich plates with inner dimpled shell subject to 3-point bending have been analyzed and then optimized for minimum weight. Inner dimpled shells can be easily fabricated by press or roll with high precision and bonded with same material skin sheets by resistance welding or adhesive bonding. Metallic sandwich plates with inner dimpled shell structure can be optimally designed for minimum weight subject to prescribed combination of bending and transverse shear loads. Fundamental findings for lightweight design are presented through constrained optimization. Failure responses of sandwich plates are predicted and formulated with an assumption of narrow sandwich beam theory. Failure is attributed to four kinds of mechanisms: face yielding, face buckling, dimple buckling and dimple collapse. Optimized shape of inner dimpled shell structure is a hemispherical shell to minimize weight without failure. It is demonstrated that bending stiffness of sandwich plate is 2 or 3 times larger than solid plates with the same strength. Failure mode boundaries and iso-strength lines dependent upon the geometry and yield strain of the material are plotted with respect to geometric parameters on the failure map. Because optimal parameters of maximum strength for given material weight can be selected from the map, analytic solutions for maximum strength are expressed as a function of only material property and proposed strength. These optimal parameters match well with numerical optimal parameters.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.542-546
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• 2005

The J-integral used as a ductile crack initiation criterion has been discussed for the impact loaded elastic-plastic 3PB specimens. The experimental method to measure or estimate the J-integral history has been investigated and its result has been compared to the obtained elastic-plastic values by the finite element model of this study. These numerical results and the experimental curves are found to agree closely. J-integral can be calculated by only numerical analysis with the finite element model. It is proved that simple calculation can be made in order to find the possible value of J-integral by crack mouth opening displacement(CMOD) in the dynamic nonlinear fracture experiment of 3-point bend(3PB) specimen. The property of elastic-plastic material is considered at different impact velocities. The J-integral may be estimated from the crack mouth opening displacement which can be measured directly kom photographs taken during impact experiments.

• Composites Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.42-50
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• 2001

Modeling of damage initiation in singly oriented ply (SOP) Fiber Metal Laminate (FML) under concentrated loading conditions was studied. The finite element method (FEM) base on the first order shear deformation theory is used for th\ulcorner modeling of damage initiation in SOP FML. The failure indices (FI) of the fiber prepreg and the metal laminate were calculated by using the Tasi-Hill failure criterion and the Miser yield criterion, respectively. To verify the present method, the failure analysis was conducted under uniaxial loading and cylindrical bending, then the analysis under concentrated load was conducted. The results show that the analysis is reasonable. An indentation test was conducted to compare a damage initiation load with a calculated FI. The test was conducted under two side clamped conditions to study the fiber orientation effect. Indentation curve was fitted using the Hertz equation and a damage initiation load is defined that the point which deviate the fitted curve from the real indentation curve. The damage initiation loads were obtained under various fiber orientations and compared with calculated FIs. The experiment was well matched with calculated FI. This results shows that the present method is suitable for the damage initiation modeling of SOP FML.