• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.301-305
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the microbiological contamination levels in rice cakes and rice flour due to climate change in three areas classified to their temperature and precipitation. We investigated the contamination levels of total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens of rice flour and 3 rice cakes such as Garaetteok, Sirutteok and Gyeongdan. Contamination levels of total aerobic bacteria in rice flour were 4.9 log CFU/g. In a total of 70 rice flour, yeasts & molds and coliforms were detected in 42 and 52 samples at the levels of 43 CFU/g and 1.29 log CFU/g, respectively. S. aureus were detected in only 1 rice flour (1.66 log CFU/g) out of 70. In an investigation of contamination levels in rice cakes, the population of total aerobic bacteria were highest in Gyeongdan (5.18 log CFU/g) and coliforms were highest in Gareattock (2.93 log CFU/g). There was no detection of E. coli and B. cereus except for only 1 Gareattock (1.20 log CFU/g). There were no differences of contamination levels among the three areas. If constant monitoring of rice cakes and rice flour is conducted on the basis of this study, it is expected to be able to analyze the change of contamination levels in rice cakes and rice flour due to climate change.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.12
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• pp.269-327
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• 1985

This study was undertaken to meet more fully the demands for improved training of library personnel, occasioned by the rapidly changing roles and functions of libraries as they try to adapt to the vast social, economic and technological changes currently in progress in the Korean society. The specific purpose of this research is to develop a standard curriculum at the batchelor's level that will properly equip the professional personnel in Korean libraries for the changes confronting them. This study started with the premise that to establish a sound base for curriculum development, it was necessary first to determine what concepts, knowledge, and techniques are required for professional library personnel to perform it at an optimal level of efficiency. Explicitly, it was felt that for the development of useful curricula and courses at the batchelor's level, a prime source of knowledge should be functional behaviours that are necessary in the job situation. To determine specifically what these terminal performance behaviours should be so that learning experience provided could be rooted in reality, the decision was reached to use a systems approach to curriculum development, which is an attempt to break the mold of traditional concepts and to approach interaction from an open, innovative, and product-oriented perspective. This study was designed to: (1) identify what knowledge and techniques are required for professional library personnel to perform the job activities in which they are actually engaged, (2) to evaluate the educational needs of the knowledge and techniques that the professional librarian respondents indicate, and (3) to categorise the knowledge and techniques into teaching subjects to present the teaching subjects by their educational importance. The main data-gathering instrument for the study, a questionnaire containing 254 items, was sent to a randomly selected sample of library school graduates working in libraries and related institutions in Korea. Eighty-three librarians completed and returned the questionnaire. After analysing the returned questionnaire, the following conclusions have been reached: (A) To develop a rational curriculum rooted in the real situation of the Korean libraries, compulsory subjects should be properly chosen from those which were ranked highest in importance by the respondents. Characters and educational policies of, and other teaching subjects offered by, the individual educational institution to which a given library school belongs should also be taken into account in determining compulsory subjects. (B) It is traditionally assumed that education in librarianship should be more concerned with theoretical foundations on which any solution can be developed than with professional needs with particulars and techniques as they are used in existing library environments. However, the respondents gave the former a surprisingly lower rating. The traditional assumption must be reviewed. (C) It is universally accepted in developing library school curricula that compulsory subjects are concerned with the area of knowledge students generally need to learn and optional subjects are concerned with the area to be needed to only those who need it. Now that there is no such clear demarcation line provided in librarianship, it may be a realistic approach to designate subjects in the area rated high by the respondents as compulsory and to designate those in the area rated low as optional. (D) Optional subjects that were ranked considerably higher in importance by the respondents should be given more credits than others, and those ranked lower might be given less credits or offered infrequently or combined. (E) A standard list of compulsory and optional subjects with weekly teaching hours for a Korean library school is presented in the fourth chapter of this report.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.133-147
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect on the evaluation of a female teachers' role-performance based on appearance according to the clothing attitude of students and their parents. Based on the results of this study a female teachers' role-performance evaluation can be broken down into four ability areas: leaning guidance, living guidance, human relations, and learning management. Likewise the clothing attitudes of students and their parents can be divided into three groups, the clothing oriented group, the trend-individuality group, and the chastity oriented group. The trend-individuality group of students felt that female teachers' appearances have a significant effect on learning guidance and human relations ability while parents thought that there was little relationship or that it has a moderate effect on the role of learning guidance. Because the concerns of students and parents about female teachers' clothing has an effect on female teachers' role performance evaluation, when directing a student group with a high concern for clothing, female teachers need to be sensitive about their appearances and it's affect on learning guidance, human relations, and class management. Based on these results, students and parents felt that female teachers' appearances have an effect on their role performance according to their clothing attitudes.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.61-76
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• 2007

The purpose of the study is to identify and understand problems existing in the middle school home economics practice rooms in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. The findings are based on the examination and the analysis of the indoor environment and the condition of the facilities and equipment. Study method employs on-site research and a survey. The on-site research was conducted about temperature, humidity, intensity of illumination, and status of teaching instrument in 10 out of 41 middle schools in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province from August 16 to September 30, 2006. Meanwhile, the survey was implemented by mail for 95 teachers in charge of manual training and home economics education in 41 middle schools in Jeju from November 1 to 23, 2005. 64 questionnaires out of total 95 were collected, including those collected during the period of on-site research. Finally, 61 questionnaires which were effective among the answered ones were used for analysis. Collected materials were analyzed with the SPSS Win.12.0 program for frequency, percentile analysis. In conclusion, the study determines that the condition of the home economics practice rooms of the middle school in JSSGP in terms of temperature, humidity, lighting and ventilation is very inadequate. The structure of the practice room represents an inefficient work flow pattern. Further, the facilities and equipment are in a very poor condition because the facilities are old and the retention rate of teaching tools is low. Therefore, to address these problems, the study suggests that improvements on the facilities and equipment should be made and teaching tools should be replenished in accordance with the industry standard.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.2 s.113
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• pp.150-167
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• 2006

This study was conducted to determine the pedogenesis of dense subsurface horizons (denoted either Bx or Bd) observed within closed depressions and in toeslope positions at loess-covered glacial tillplains in southern Wisconsin. Some of these dense subsurface horizons, especially those occurring within depressions, show a close morphological resemblance to fragipans elsewhere, even though the existence of fragipans has not been previously reported in southern Wisconsin. The spatial occurrence of fragipans was first examined over the landscape to characterize general soil-landscape relationships. Detailed physico-chemical and micromorphological analyses were followed to investigate the development of fragipans within a closed depression along a catenary sequence. The formation of fragipans at the study site is a result of sequential processes of physical ripening and accumulation of colloidal materials. A very coarse prismatic structure with a closely packed soil matrix was formed via physical ripening processes of loess deposited in small glacial lakes and floodplains that existed soon after the retreat of the last glacier. The physically formed dense horizons became hardened by the accumulation of colloidal materials, notably amorphous Si. The accumulation intensity of amorphous Si varies with mass balance relationships, which are governed by topography and local drainage conditions. Well-developed Bx horizons evolve at closed depressions where net accumulation of amorphous Si occurs, but the collapsed layers remain as Bd horizons at other locations where soluble Si has continuously been removed downslope or downvalley. Hydromorphic processes caused by the presence of fragipans are degrading upper parts of the prisms, resulting in the formation of an eluvial fragic horizon (Ex).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.720-725
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate extracting solution effect on the chemical compositions in different parts of Korean mountain Ginseng. Water, 80% EtOH and 80% MeOH are used as extraction solutions, and extracting conditions were 2 hr at $85^{\circ}C$ in water bath. The Brix(%) of the extract were ranged from $0.42{\sim}22.58%$, 80% EtOH extract for leaf is the highest level as 22.58%. The pH ranges of the extracts were $4.43{\sim}7.41$ and brown color of the extract was the highest with 1.803 in 80% EtOH extract for leaf, respectively. In case of hunter's color value of the extract, L value is the highest with 24.35 in 80% EtOH extract of seed, a and b value were the highest with 0.41 in 100% water extract of leaf and 3.69 in 80% MeOH extract of stem. Sucrose is the major free sugar of the extinct it highest content with 3673 mg% in 80% MeOH extract of mot and fructose is the highest with 1897 mg% in 80% MeOH extract of leaf, Major organic acids are identified as malic, tartaric and citric acid, and total organic acid content is the highest with 5,254 mg% in 80% MeOH extract of leaf and 1,527 mg% in 80% EtOH extract of leaf, The extracted major minerals ate P and K, P content highest with 15,563 ppm in 100% water extract of stem, K is 4,952 ppm in 80% MeOH extract of leaf, and Ca is the highest with 3,052 ppm in 1011% water extract of leaf. These results suggest that extracting solvent (80% MeOH) is concerned with the extract preparation of Korea Mountain Ginseng.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.627-635
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• 2014

We investigated the changes in the quality characteristics of Doenjang with low salt contents (6, 8, 10, and 12%) and 10% garlic. The Doenjang was analyzed at an interval of a week during its fermentation for six weeks, at room temperature. Its L color gradually decreased, but its a and b colors did not change significantly. Its salinity increased by about 1% after six weeks. In contrast, immediately after its preparation, its pH was gradually decreased and its acidity was increased for the fermentation. The reducing sugar was significantly increased from 1.34~1.88 g/100 g immediately after its preparation to 7.25~9.13 g/100 g after six weeks, which was higher as the salt concentration decreased. The amino-type nitrogen doubled from 100~130 mg% at 0 week to 210~290 mg% at six weeks, which were lower with the higher salt concentrations. The growth curve of the Bacillus fermentation strains of Doenjang increased to two weeks but gradually decreased since, and the growth of the Bacillus was favorable for up to two weeks in the Doenjang with 10% and 12% salt added. Otherwise, the yeast was reduced rapidly during the early fermentation of the Doenjang, and slightly changed after three weeks of fermentation. The results of this study showed that the reducing sugar and amino-type nitrogen contents of the low-salt garlic Doenjang were higher with the lower salt dose, and the physicochemical quality of the 6%-salt Doenjang was not significantly affected. Thus, we suggest that low-salt Doenjang can be manufactured with the addition of 6% salt and 10% garlic.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.707-713
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to select yogurt starter from Korean traditional fermented foods. The 2 strains (KM24, KM32) among 50 strains of isolated lactic acid bacteria selected as starter based on milk clotting ability, antimicrobial activity against various pathogens, tolerance in artificial gastric and bile juice and growth in 10 % skimmed milk. The strains were identified as Lacobacillus plantarum (KM32) and Pediococcus pentosacesus (KM24) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Viable cell number of yogurt fermented with mixed strains (KM24 and KM32) was 9.66 log CFU/mL after fermentation for 48 h and maintained $10^9CFU/mL$ during fermentation for 72 h at $37^{\circ}C$. The pH and titratable acidity of mixed cultured yogurt were 4.25% and 0.83% after fermentation for 48 h at $37^{\circ}C$, respectively. The physico-chemical characteristics of mixed cultured yogurt after fermentation for 48 h were $38.45{\mu}g/mL$ (polyphenol content), 48.57% (DPPH radical scavenging activity) and 465.40 cp (viscosity), respectively. The mixed cultured yogurt maintained $10^9CFU/mL$ of lactic acid bacteria during storage 10 days at $4^{\circ}C$. The viable cell number of yogurt prepared with mixed culture(KM32+KM24) maintained higher and than that of control (L. casei) during storage. These results indicated the potential use of selected strains (KM32+KM24) isolated from kimchi as a yogurt starter with strong acid tolerance and probiotics properties.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of microorganisms and the degree of contamination in the air of the dental clinics and to offer basic data as to the contamination of medical equipment and the prevention of the clinics. With this in mind, the researcher gathered air samples from the waiting rooms and medical offices of nine dental clinics in the city of J, South Korea with the use of a method of natural inattention and an air sampler and cultivated the samples on the plain table and drew from it bacteria falling and separated and sorted out the colony with the help of ATB and detected the distribution of the germs. The results are following, The number of bacteria falling in the air of the dental clinics was less than 10(CFU/Plate) with the exception of one dental clinic. This implies that they fit in with standards for hygiene. The number of bacteria falling in the air of the medical offices was less than 10(CFU/Plate) with the exception of one dental clinic. This implies that they fit in with standards for hygiene. The survey on the detection of staph. aureus reveals that all the dental clinics with the exception of B dental clinic proving to be positive had non-pathogenic staphylococci detected. The survey on the detection of pathogenic gram negative bacilli indicates that all the dental clinics but one were none detected. The survey on the distribution of germs shows that germs in 7 out of 9 dental clinics were none detected, and that they in four out of 9 waiting rooms were none detected. All the germs detected in the others were mostly non-pathogenic. The study shows that all the subject dental clinics but one were hygienically controlled and that there was a difference in accordance with cleaning and sterilization. This means that dental clinics should be equipped with systematic programs for cleaning and sterilization designed to prevent infection.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 1994

The experiment was conducted in 1993 to find out a simple prediction method of weeds and to make the prediction models of weeds in paddy fields. The annuals producing fine seeds were apt to emerge at sampling soil only, on the contrary the perennials and the annuals producing large seeds tended not to emerge at sampling soil due to the miss of seeds at sampling. There was no appropriate regression between a total number of weeds emerged at sampling soil and that of weeds occurred in fields. The important annual weeds occurring in fields were able to predict by the number of weeds emerged at sampling soil, but it was difficult to predict the important perennial weeds. In case of Bidens tripartita producing large seeds and Eleocharis kuroguwai producing large tubers, the prediction coefficients were high as above 1.0, and that of Echinochloa crus-galli and Sagittaria pygmaea were comparatively high as 0.175 and 0.172, respectively. However the coefficients of the other weeds were much low as below 0.08. The prediction models for 9 species were made. The model of six species including E. crus-galli, M. vaginalis, R. indica, B. tripartita, E. triandra and S. pygmaea were linear regression with high significance, however that of 3 species including C. difformis, S. juncoides and E. kuroguwai were curve regression with high significance.