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Helicobacter pylori babA2 Positivity Predicts Risk of Gastric Cancer in Ardabil, a Very High-Risk Area in Iran

  • Abdi, Esmat;Latifi-Navid, Saeid;Yazdanbod, Abbas;Zahri, Saber
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.733-738
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    • 2016
  • Background: Ardabil, a Northwestern province of Iran, was found to have the highest rate of gastric cancer (GC) in the country (ASRs = 51.8/100,000 for males and 24.9/100,000 for females) and one of the highest gastric cardia cancer rates in the world. The aim of the present study was to assess the associations of the cagA and babA2 status of Helicobacter pylori with GC in the Ardabil population. Materials and Methods: A total of 103 patients with non-atrophic gastritis (56) and GC (47), who underwent endoscopy at the Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil, were assessed. The status of 16S rDNA, cagA and babA2 genes was determined using PCR and histopathological assessment was performed. Results: The following genotypic frequency was observed: cagA+ (50.6%), cagA-(49.4%), babA2+ (26.5%), babA2- (73.5%) cagA+/babA2+ (19.3%), cagA-/babA2+ (7.2%), cagA+/babA2-(31.3%), cagA-/babA2-(42.2%). Although the frequency of the cagA+, cagA+/babA2+ and cagA-/babA2+ genotypes in patients with GC (55.6%, 25.9%, and 14.8%, respectively) was higher than in those with NAG (48.2%, 16.1%, and 3.6%, respectively), the difference did not reach significance. In contrast, the presence of the babA2 gene (40.7% vs 19.6%) significantly increased the risk of GC; the age-sex-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 5.068 (1.506-17.058; P=0.009), by multiple logistic regression. Conclusions: It is proposed that the H. pylori babA2 positivity might be considered as an important determinant of GC risk in Ardabil.

SOME REMARKS ON THE DIMENSIONS OF THE PRODUCTS OF CANTOR SETS

  • Kim, Jin-Oh
    • Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.231-236
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    • 2010
  • Using the properties of the concave function, we show that the Hausdorff dimension of the product $C_{\frac{a+b}{2},\frac{a+b}{2}}{\times}C_{\frac{a+b}{2},\frac{a+b}{2}}$ of the same symmetric Cantor sets is greater than that of the product $C_{a,b}{\times}C_{a,b}$ of the same anti-symmetric Cantor sets. Further, for $1/e^2$ < a, b < 1/2, we also show that the dimension of the product $C_{a,a}{\times}C_{b,b}$ of the different symmetric Cantor sets is greater than that of the product $C_{\frac{a+b}{2},\frac{a+b}{2}}{\times}C_{\frac{a+b}{2},\frac{a+b}{2}}$ of the same symmetric Cantor sets using the concavity. Finally we give a concrete example showing that the latter argument does not hold for all 0 < a, b < 1/2.

Defective Anks1a disrupts the export of receptor tyrosine kinases from the endoplasmic reticulum

  • Park, Soochul
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.49 no.12
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    • pp.651-652
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    • 2016
  • EphA2 has been implicated in amplifying ErbB2 tumorigenic signaling. One protein that interacts with EphA2 is the Anks1a PTB adaptor. However, the precise role of Anks1a in EphA2-mediated tumorigenesis is unclear. We demonstrated that Anks1a localizes to the ER upon phosphorylation and that the Ankyrin repeats and PTB of Anks1a bind to EphA2 and Sec23, respectively. Thus, Anks1a facilitates the selective packaging of EphA2 into COPII vesicles. Additionally, Anks1a knockout mice, a phenocopy of EphA2 knockout mice, exhibited markedly reduced ErbB2-induced breast tumorigenesis. Strikingly, ErbB2 did not localize to the cell surface following Anks1a knockdown in primary mammary tumor cells over-expressing ErbB2. Importantly, EphA2 was critical for stabilizing ErbB2 through complex formation, but its interaction with Anks1a also facilitated ErbB2 loading into COPII carriers. These findings suggest a novel role for Anks1a in the molecular pathogenesis of breast tumors and possibly other human diseases.

A NOTE ON LINEAR COMBINATIONS OF AN IDEMPOTENT MATRIX AND A TRIPOTENT MATRIX

  • Yao, Hongmei;Sun, Yanling;Xu, Chuang;Bu, Changjiang
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • v.27 no.5_6
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    • pp.1493-1499
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    • 2009
  • Let $A_1$ and $A_2$ be nonzero complex idempotent and tripotent matrix, respectively. Denote a linear combination of the two matrices by A = $c_1A_1$ + $c_2A_2$, where $c_1,\;c_2$ are nonzero complex scalars. In this paper, under an assumption of $A_1A_2$ = $A_2A_1$, we characterize all situations in which the linear combination is tripotent. A statistical interpretation of this tripotent problem is also pointed out. Moreover, In [2], Baksalary characterized all situations in which the above linear combination is idem-potent by using the property of decomposition of a tripotent matrix, i.e. if $A_2$ is tripotent, then $A_2$ = $B_1-B_2$, where $B^2_i=B_i$, i = 1, 2 and $B_1B_2=B_2B_1=0$. While in this paper, by utilizing a method different from the one used by Baksalary in [2], we prove the theorem 1 in [2] again.

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Development of High-Resolution Fog Detection Algorithm for Daytime by Fusing GK2A/AMI and GK2B/GOCI-II Data (GK2A/AMI와 GK2B/GOCI-II 자료를 융합 활용한 주간 고해상도 안개 탐지 알고리즘 개발)

  • Ha-Yeong Yu;Myoung-Seok Suh
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.39 no.6_3
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    • pp.1779-1790
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    • 2023
  • Satellite-based fog detection algorithms are being developed to detect fog in real-time over a wide area, with a focus on the Korean Peninsula (KorPen). The GEO-KOMPSAT-2A/Advanced Meteorological Imager (GK2A/AMI, GK2A) satellite offers an excellent temporal resolution (10 min) and a spatial resolution (500 m), while GEO-KOMPSAT-2B/Geostationary Ocean Color Imager-II (GK2B/GOCI-II, GK2B) provides an excellent spatial resolution (250 m) but poor temporal resolution (1 h) with only visible channels. To enhance the fog detection level (10 min, 250 m), we developed a fused GK2AB fog detection algorithm (FDA) of GK2A and GK2B. The GK2AB FDA comprises three main steps. First, the Korea Meteorological Satellite Center's GK2A daytime fog detection algorithm is utilized to detect fog, considering various optical and physical characteristics. In the second step, GK2B data is extrapolated to 10-min intervals by matching GK2A pixels based on the closest time and location when GK2B observes the KorPen. For reflectance, GK2B normalized visible (NVIS) is corrected using GK2A NVIS of the same time, considering the difference in wavelength range and observation geometry. GK2B NVIS is extrapolated at 10-min intervals using the 10-min changes in GK2A NVIS. In the final step, the extrapolated GK2B NVIS, solar zenith angle, and outputs of GK2A FDA are utilized as input data for machine learning (decision tree) to develop the GK2AB FDA, which detects fog at a resolution of 250 m and a 10-min interval based on geographical locations. Six and four cases were used for the training and validation of GK2AB FDA, respectively. Quantitative verification of GK2AB FDA utilized ground observation data on visibility, wind speed, and relative humidity. Compared to GK2A FDA, GK2AB FDA exhibited a fourfold increase in spatial resolution, resulting in more detailed discrimination between fog and non-fog pixels. In general, irrespective of the validation method, the probability of detection (POD) and the Hanssen-Kuiper Skill score (KSS) are high or similar, indicating that it better detects previously undetected fog pixels. However, GK2AB FDA, compared to GK2A FDA, tends to over-detect fog with a higher false alarm ratio and bias.

The Dopamine $D_2$ Receptor Locus as a Modifying Gene in Korean Schizophrenia, Alcoholism and Drug Addiction (정신분열증, 알코올중독, 약물중독에서 도파민 $D_2$ 수용체 유전자의 조절유전자(modifying gene)로서의 역할 - 충동적.강박적.탐닉적 행동을 나타내는 정신질환들에서 도파민 $D_2$ 수용체의 조절유전자로서의 역할 -)

  • Jung, Hyun-Mo;Lee, Hong-Seock;Chang, Dong-Won;Lee, Min-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.225-233
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    • 1997
  • The authors attempted to examine the allelic association between the A1 allele of Dopamine $D_2$ receptor and schizophrenia, alcoholism, drug addiction in Koreans. Schizophrenic patients(n=31), alcoholism(n=65), drug addiction(n=18) and controls(n=52) were examined by case-control study for distribution of the TaqI polymorphism of the dopamine $D_2$ receptor gene in Korean population to minimize the effect of racial differencies in gene frequencies. In schizophrenics, the numbers of schizophrenics with A1A1, A1A2, A2A2 were 9(29.0%), 15(48.4%) and 7(22.6%) respectively and in alcoholics with A1A1, A1A2, A2A2 were 14(21.5%), 36(55.4%) and 15(23.1%) respectively and in drug addiction with A1A1, A1A2, A2A2 were 2(11.1%), 10(55.6%) and 6(33.3%) respectively and in controls with A1A1, A1A2, A2A2 were 4(7.6%), 24(46.2%) and 24(46.2%) respectively. The prevalence of the A1 allele in schizophrenics, alcoholics, drug addiction and controls were 77%, 76.9%, 67% and 53.8% respectively. And the frequency of the A1 allele in schizophrenics, alcoholics, drug addiction and controls were 0.53, 0.49 0.39 and 0.31 respectively. There was significant difference in the frequency of the A1 allele between schizophrenics, alcoholics and controls. We also classified our alcoholic population. For classification by severity, we used the median MAST score 30 in our samples. There was also significant difference in the frequency of the A1 allele between less severe group(0.42) and more severe group(0.57). This data suggest that the A1 allele is associated with schizophrenia and alcoholism in Koreans. Furthermore the prevalence of the A1 allele increassed in more severely affected alcoholics. The authors conclude that our data support an allelic association between the A1 allele at dopamine $D_2$ receptor and schizophrenia, alcoholism. These results suggest the A1 allele of the $DRD_2$ gene is associated with a number of behavior disorders in which it may act as a modifying gene rather than as the primary etiological agent.

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The Geometry of the Space of Symmetric Bilinear Forms on ℝ2 with Octagonal Norm

  • Kim, Sung Guen
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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    • v.56 no.3
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    • pp.781-791
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    • 2016
  • Let $d_*(1,w)^2 ={\mathbb{R}}^2$ with the octagonal norm of weight w. It is the two dimensional real predual of Lorentz sequence space. In this paper we classify the smooth points of the unit ball of the space of symmetric bilinear forms on $d_*(1,w)^2$. We also show that the unit sphere of the space of symmetric bilinear forms on $d_*(1,w)^2$ is the disjoint union of the sets of smooth points, extreme points and the set A as follows: $$S_{{\mathcal{L}}_s(^2d_*(1,w)^2)}=smB_{{\mathcal{L}}_s(^2d_*(1,w)^2)}{\bigcup}extB_{{\mathcal{L}}_s(^2d_*(1,w)^2)}{\bigcup}A$$, where the set A consists of $ax_1x_2+by_1y_2+c(x_1y_2+x_2y_1)$ with (a = b = 0, $c={\pm}{\frac{1}{1+w^2}}$), ($a{\neq}b$, $ab{\geq}0$, c = 0), (a = b, 0 < ac, 0 < ${\mid}c{\mid}$ < ${\mid}a{\mid}$), ($a{\neq}{\mid}c{\mid}$, a = -b, 0 < ac, 0 < ${\mid}c{\mid}$), ($a={\frac{1-w}{1+w}}$, b = 0, $c={\frac{1}{1+w}}$), ($a={\frac{1+w+w(w^2-3)c}{1+w^2}}$, $b={\frac{w-1+(1-3w^2)c}{w(1+w^2)}}$, ${\frac{1}{2+2w}}$ < c < ${\frac{1}{(1+w)^2(1-w)}}$, $c{\neq}{\frac{1}{1+2w-w^2}}$), ($a={\frac{1+w(1+w)c}{1+w}}$, $b={\frac{-1+(1+w)c}{w(1+w)}}$, 0 < c < $\frac{1}{2+2w}$) or ($a={\frac{1=w(1+w)c}{1+w}}$, $b={\frac{1-(1+w)c}{1+w}}$, $\frac{1}{1+w}$ < c < $\frac{1}{(1+w)^2(1-w)}$).

1,4-Dicyanobutene Bridged Binuclear Iridium (I, III) Complexes and Their Catalytic Activities

  • Park, Hwa-Kun;Chin, Chong-Shik
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.185-189
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    • 1987
  • Reactions of $Ir(ClO)_4(CO)(PPh_3)_2$ with dicyano olefins, cis-NCCH = CH$CH_2$$CH_2$CN (cDC1B), trans-NCCH = CH$CH_2$$CH_2$CN (tDC1B), trans-NC$CH_2$CH = CH$CH_2$CN (tDC2B), and NC$CH_2$$CH_2$$CH_2$$CH_2$CN (DCB) produce binuclear dicationic iridium (I) complexes, $[(CO)(PPh_3)_2Ir-NC-A-CN-Ir(PPh_3)_2(CO)](ClO_4)_2$ (NC-A-CN = cDC1B (1a), tDC1B (1b), tDC2B (1c), DCB (1d)). Complexes 1a-1d react with hydrogen to give binuclear dicationic tetrahydrido iridium (Ⅲ ) complexes, $[(CO)(PPh_3)_2(H)_2Ir-NC-A-CN-Ir(H)_2(PPh_3)_2(CO)](ClO_4)_2$ (NC-A-CN = cDC1B (2a), tDC1B (2b), tDC2B (2c), DCB (2d)). Complexes 2a and 2b catalyze the hydrogenation of cDC1B and tDC1B, respectively to give DCB, while the complex 2c is catalytically active for the isomerization of tDC2B to give cDC1B and tDC1B and the hydrogenation of tDC2B to give DCB at $100^{\circ}C$.

Separation of H2 and N2 Gases by PTMSP-NaA Zeolite Composite Membranes (PTMSP-NaA Zeolite 복합막에 의한 수소-질소 기체 분리에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Ok-Su;Yun, Seok Il
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.107-114
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    • 2015
  • PTMSP-NaA zeolite composite membranes were prepared by adding 0~50 wt% NaA zeolite to PTMSP. The membranes were characterized by FT-IR, $^1H$-NMR, GPC, DSC, TGA, SEM. The permeabilities of $H_2$ and $N_2$ gases through PTMSP-NaA zeolite composite membranes was studied as a function of NaA zeolite contents. According to TGA measurements, when zeolite was inserted into the polymer, weight loss temperature and weight loss wt% of PTMSP-NaA zeolite composite membranes were decreased. Based on SEM observation, NaA zeolite was dispersed in the PTMSP-NaA zeolite composite membrane with the size $2{\sim}5{\mu}m$. The permeability of PTMSP-NaA zeolite composite membranes increased added as NaA zeolite content increased. On the contrary, the selectivity ($H_2/N_2$) of the composite membranes decreased as NaA zeolite content increased. PTMSP-NaA zeolite composite membrane showed better permeability and selectivity ($H_2/N_2$) of $H_2$ and $N_2$ than PTMSP-NaY zeolite composite membrane.

Human CYP1A2 Promoter Fused-Luciferase Gene Constructs Hardly Respond to Polycyclic Hydrocarbons in Transient Transfection Study in HepG2 Cells

  • Chung, Injae
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.95-100
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    • 2000
  • In previous study, both constitutive expression and 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC)-mediated elevation of CYP1A2 mRNA were demonstrated in human hepatoma HepG2 cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), suggesting that HepG2 cells would be appropriate for the study of human CYP1A2 regulation(Chung and Bresnick, 1994). Further studies were conducted to determine the basis of this induction phenomenon that is observed in HepG2 cells. Since CYP1A1 gene, another polycyclic hydrocarbon(PH)-inducible gene, is regulated by PHs through their interactions via receptors with cis-elements, the 5'-flanking region of human CYP 1A2 gene was analyzed to search such responsive elements. The promoter activity of various lengths of CYP1A2 gene sequence (-3203/+58bp) was measured in transiently-transfected HepG2 cells by fusion constructs containing the CAT, hGH or luciferase genes as a reporter. This region of the CYP1A2 gene, although containing a XRE, was only weakly responsive (less than 2 fold induction) to 10 nM of TCDD or 1 $\mu$M 3 MC treatment. This small enhancement of promoter activity is inconsistent with the previous observation, i.e., 12 to 14 fold-enhanced CYP1A2 mRNA from 1 $\mu$M 3 MC treated HepG2 cells, suggesting that additional mechanisms would exist for PH-mediated induction of CYP1A2 in these cells.

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