• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.192-197
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• 2014

In this paper, $3^{rd}$ SDM with FDPA(Feedback Delay Pass Addition) technique to improve the input range is proposed. Conventional architecture with $3^{rd}$ transfer function is just made as adding a digital delay path in $2^{nd}$ SDM architecture. But the input range is very small because feedback path into the first integrator is increased. But, proposed architecture change feedback path into the first integrator to the second integrator, so input range could be improved about 9dB. The $3^{rd}$ SC SDM with only one operational amplifier was implemented using double-sampling technique. Simulation results for the proposed SDM designed in $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS technology with power supply voltage 1.8V, signal bandwidth 20KHz and audible sampling frequency 2.8224MHz show SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio) of 83.8dB, the power consumption of $700{\mu}W$ and Dynamic Range of 82.8dB.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.62-73
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• 1997

The application of nutrients and pesticides to agricultural lands has been reported to contribute to groundwater contamination, which can be explained by preferential flow in lieu of convective-dispersive flow. An one-dimensional numerical model depicting preferential water and solute movement was modified to describe multi-layer flows. The model is based on a piecewise linear conductivity function. By combining conservation of mass and Darcy's law and using the method of characteristics a solution is obtained for water flow in which water moves at distinct velocities in different flow regions instead of an average velocity for the whole profile. The model allows transfer ofqr solutes between pore groups. The transfer is characterized by assuming mixing coefficients. The model was applied to undisturbed soil columns and an experiment site with structured sandy clay loam soil. Chloride, bromide, and 2, 4-D were used as tracers. Simulated solutes concentrations were in good agreement with the soil column data and field data in which preferential flow of solute is significant. The proposed model is capable of describing preferential solute transport under laboratory and field conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.239-243
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• 2008

The fluctuation of inlet flow to a water treatment plant makes a serious problem that it can change the outlet flow-rate from each process abruptly, and ultimately occur the detachment of the attached particles inside each unit process. Also, since it takes very short time for the surface wave occurred from the fluctuation of inlet flow to reach the latter processes, it is impossible for operators to cope with that stably. Therefore this study was conducted to suggest the methodology for accurately predicting the travel time of surface wave occurred from the fluctuation of inlet flow to reach the latter process. Through the experiment, which was carried out for the full-scale water treatment plants(capacity : 2,000m3/d), it could be confirmed that the flow rate fluctuation from equalization tank produce the surface wave. And the wave transfer velocity is a function of the hydraulic radius and the length of each open type tanks which are comprised in the latter processes.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.8C
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• pp.1142-1148
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• 2004

A binaural filtering method using HRTF DB is generally used to make the headphone-based 3D sound. But it can make some confusion between front and back directions or between up and down directions due to the non-individual HRTF depending on each listener. To reduce the confusion of sound image localization, we propose a new method to boost the spectral cue by modifying HRTF spectra with spectrum difference between front and back directions. Informal listening tests show that the proposed method improves the front-back sound localization characteristics much better than the conventional methods

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2006

We have analyzed various tolerances of the multi-configurative microscopic system for inspecting the wire-bonding of a reed frame by using the Gaussian bracket method and the equivalent lens method. The tolerances for the curvature and the thickness, which are axial symmetric tolerances, are given by varying the back focal length within a fecal depth under diffraction-limited conditions. Moreover, by using the trial and error method, the axial non-symmetric tolerances for decenter and tilt are established by assigning the 5% variation of MTF(modulation transfer function) at the spatial frequency of 50 lp/mm and at the field angle of 0.7 field. As the tolerances with the most probable distribution are distributed within the range of the decay rate of less than 5% independent of the probability distribution of tolerances, we can achieve completely the desired design performances of the multi-configurative microscopic system by using the various ranges of these tolerances.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.334-337
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• 2003

입체음향을 구현하는 방법에는 5 혹은 6 개의 스피커를 사용하는 5.1 채널 음향재생 시스템과 2개의 스피커를 사용하는 방법있다. 2 채널 입체음향재생 시스템은 라우드 스피커 재생보다 헤드폰 재생에 사용되고 있다. 2 채널로 입체음향을 재생하기 위하여 사람의 머리와 귀바퀴를 FIR 필터로 모델링한 머리전달함수(HRTF, head related transfer function)을 이용한다. FIR 필터로 측정된 HRTF는 실시간 처리에 있어서 계산량이 많은 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 2 채널 입체 음향시스템을 효과적으로 구현하기 위하여 FIR HRTF를 HR필터로 구현하는 방법을 제안한다. FIR 필터계수로부터 IIR 필터계수를 구하는 알고리즘은 균형화 모델 감소법(balanced model reduction)을 이용한다. 본 논문에서는 IIR 필터로 차수를 줄인 HRTF로 입체음향을 재생하는 시뮬레이션을 하였다.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.221-228
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• 1997

A strong combustion-driven sound from a surface burner made of a perforated metal fiber plate for premixed gas was investigated to clarify the physical mechanism of its generation. A simple model was developed for the acoustic power generation in terms of the heat transfer response function and the acoustic impedance of the burner. The acoustic impedance of the perforated metal fiber placed on the open exit was measured and the heat release response of the burner to the oscillating flow associated with the acoustic disturbance was expressed in terms of a response function. It was found that the power is generated by the heat release in response to the downstream particle velocity, in contrast to the upstream velocity in the case of the Rijke oscillation driven by a heater placed in the lower half of a columm with upstream flow. The measured frequencies of the oscillation were in agreement with the estimated resonance frequencies and their excitation was varied with the combustion conditions. For the same fuel rate, the excited frequency increases with the air ratio if it is low but decreases with the ratio if not so low. Such frequency characteristics were explained by assuming a heat release response function with a time constant and it was shown that the excited frequency decreases as the time constant increases.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.23-29
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose an idea for the improved 3-D sound system using conventional stereo headphones to obtain a better sound diffusion from the mono-sound recorded at an anechoic chamber. We use the HRTF(Head Related Transfer Function) for the sound localization and the wavelet filter bank with time delay for the sound diffusion. And we test the modified HRTF with the various sampling rate. We investigate the effects of the 3-D sound depending on the length of time delay at lowest frequency band. Also the correlation coefficient of the signals between the left channel and the right channel is measured to identify the sound diffusion. At last we obtain the diffusion sound using Cool Edit for reverberation.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.10.2-10.2
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• 2011

The design and synthesis of protein-like polymers is a fundamental challenge in materials science. A biomimetic approach is to explore the impact of monomer sequence on non-natural polymer structure and function. We present the aqueous self-assembly of two peptoid polymers into extremely thin two-dimensional (2D) crystalline sheets directed by periodic amphiphilicity, electrostatic recognition and aromatic interactions. Peptoids are sequence-specific, oligo-N-substituted glycine polymers designed to mimic the structure and functionality of proteins. Mixing a 1:1 ratio of two oppositely charged peptoid 36 mers of a specific sequence in aqueous solution results in the formation of giant, free-floating sheets with only 2.7 nm thickness. Direct visualization of aligned individual peptoid chains in the sheet structure was achieved using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy. Specific binding of a protein to ligand-functionalized sheets was also demonstrated. The synthetic flexibility and biocompatibility of peptoids provide a flexible and robust platform for integrating functionality into defined 2D nanostructures. In the later part of my talk, we describe the use of metal ions to construct two-dimensional hybrid films that have the ability to self-heal. Incubation of biomimetic peptoid polymers with specific divalent metal ions results in the spontaneous formation of uniform multilayers at the air-water interface. We anticipate that ease of synthesis and transfer of these two-dimensional materials may have many potential applications in catalysis, gas storage and sensing, optics, nanomaterial synthesis, and environmentally responsive scaffolds.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1996

To investigate the structure and function of photosystem I, cartridge mutagenesis technique was used to inactivate the psaB gene of photosystem I. From the screen, many strains which have potential defects in photosystem I were generated. Biochemical analysis revealed that B2, one of the mutant, had a reduced amount of chlorophyll. Electron transfer activitx from photosystem II to photosystem I as oxygen uptake was the rate of 64 % of wild type. Also B2 showed a decreased photosystem I activity when measured by 77 K fluorescence emission spectrum. Particularly, immunodetection analysis showed that the B2 had reduced amount of PsaA/PsaB, but a normal range of PsaC and PsaD. Here we present a photoheterotrophic mutant for psaB gene as a unique model strain for future study of structural/functional relationship and biogenesis of photosystem I.