• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.3C
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• pp.398-407
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• 2004

In this paper, a blind watermarking method which is suitable to the video compression using 2-D discrete wavelet transform was proposed and implemented into the hardware using VHDL(VHSIC Hardware Description Language). The goal of the proposed watermarking algorithm is the authentication about the manipulation of the watermark embedded image and the detection of the error positions. Considering the compressed video image, the proposed watermarking scheme is unrelated to the quantization and is able to concurrently embed or extract the watermark. We experimentally verified that the lowest frequency subband(LL4) is not sensitive to the change in the spatial domain, so LL4 subband was selected for the mark space. And the combination of the bitplanes which has the properties of both the minimum degradation of the image and the robustness was chosen as the embedded Point in the mark space in LL4 subband. Since we know the watermark embedded positions and the watermark is embedded by not varying the value but changing the value, the watermark can be extracted without the original image. Also, for the security when exposing the watermark embedded position, we embed the encrypted watermark by the block cipher. The proposed watermark algorithm shows the robustness against the general image manipulation and is easily transplanted into the image or video compressor with the minimal changing in the structure. The designed hardware has 4037 LABs(24％) and 85 ESBs(3％) in APEX20KC EP20K400CF672C7 FPGA of Altera and stably operates in 82MHz clock frequency.

• 모자간호학회지
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 1994

Presently there is an increasing demand for home health care services due to changes in the demographic structure as a result of an increasing elderly population, socio-economic improvements, and changes in the family structure, as well as the growing number of people with degenerative diseases. In addition to these reasons, rising medical costs and there a shortage of patient beds space in the hospital, particularly since introduction of national medical insurance. There has been an increasing demand for health care health care services. This study was done to identify the basic data for home health care management. It focused on developing client selection criteria, assessment tools, and recording methods. This was accomplished by the researchers visiting the patients in their homes. The research process included preparation investigation, tool development, training of the project researcher, and visiting the clients in their homes. The research tools are as follows : 1. Record development : a) The selection criteria tool for home health care of postpartum women was a structured tool and consisted of four parts. b) The structured assessment tool consisted of a general items, obstetric history, past medical history, methods of feeding, medications taken before admission, laboratory test results, discharge instructions, discharge medications, family tree, economic status, environmental status, a map, health assessment of postpartum women and their newborns. c) The visit note I consisted of the frequency of visits. Visit note II consisted of the date ; nursing problems ; nursing process including the initial assessment ; nursing goal ; visit plan ; postpartum women and their neonate health status, diagnosis, goal, implementation, evaluation, summary, next plan, for visit revision. d) Problem note consisted of the date, problem numbers, nursing diagnosis, problem appearance date problem resolution date. The research results are as follows : 1. Nursing problems : The nursing problems of the postpartum women and their neonates were evaluated by the number of nursing diagnoses and the change in the pattern of nursing diagnosis related to the number of visits. a) Nursing diagnosis The nursing diagnosis was classified according to physical function, psychosocial function, family system maintained function. b) The changes of nursing diagnosis related to the number of visits. As the type of nursing diagnosis changed related to the number of visits the number of nursing diagnoses decreased. 2. Contents of home health care : The content was categorized according to assessment, direct care, counseling, education, family care, reporting to with the attending doctor. The recommendations based on the research results are as follows : 1. Tool development Replication of this study is needed to test the validity of the assessment tools used. 2. Home visit a) Home health care nurses should be licensed and qualified. A referral form from the attending doctor is needed for legal protection of nurses. b) The first home visit need to be within 24 hours of discharge from the hospital to decrease the anxiety of frightened postpartum women. c) When the changes occur in the newborn's status, home health care nurses should consult a pediatrician. Communication within the home healthcare team is essential and needs to consistent and done smoothly. 3. Home health care A Study is required to develop protocols for education of staff and for operation of all aspects of this program.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.328-336
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• 2004

Recently a mobile service is changing into a system environment that offers the customer various contents service. Representative example of service is a Calling Identity Del ivory Service(CID). Such service has the problem in the case which the receiver cannot remember the phone number of the sender; it has a difficult problem that cannot easily confirm whose the phone number it is. Therefore, it is desirable to design and implement visual services that can enhance the recognition of users. In this paper, we propose the architecture that is similar to a Calling Identity Delivery Service. We propose the architecture for communication service and system that is able to visually display the information of the sender using 2D image data in mobile environment. After that we set the image information to represent the user and this method is able to visually display the information of the sender by transmitting an image data through channels from switch station or base station using the server. When the receiver receives a phone call from the sender, this method provides an efficient service by transmitting visual data with bell sound. That is, the image information of sender is appeared on liquid crystal display(LCD) of the receiver at the same time. We investigate the concepts for processing real-time transmission of image data and describe an example of the implementation result that is based on system. This technology has a potential influence on the marketing and presents an efficiency of this method.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2023

As the latest weapon systems and electronic equipments are increasingly demanding stealth technology to improve the survivability of allies, it is necessary to implement low-observability technology that reduces the radar cross section(RCS). In order to implement this stealth technology, a method for low RCS characteristics by applying a shape design or a electromagnetic wave absorber is widely used. However, active phased array antennas have structural limitations in shape design, also when a absorber is applied to it, the performance of the antenna is degraded. Therefore, in this paper, in order to realize the low RCS characteristics of the active phased array antenna operating in the X-band, individual radiating elements suitable for applying the radio wave absorber were selected, and a 13x13 array antenna was designed and manufactured. Next, by comparing the measured results of the relative RCS and electrical performance for the manufactured antenna according to the presence and type of the absorber, it is shown that the electrical performance is maintained at an equal or higher level while obtaining the low RCS characteristics. Thereby the method proposed in this paper for implementing the low RCS characteristics was validated. Finally, it was confirmed that when the wave absorber is applied to the array antenna, the limitation of its performance deterioration can be overcome.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.79-96
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• 2012

As the pace of competition dramatically accelerates and the complexity of change grows, a variety of research have been conducted to improve firms' short-term performance and to enhance firms' long-term survival. In particular, researchers and practitioners have paid their attention to identify promising technologies that lead competitive advantage to a firm. Discovery of promising technology depends on how a firm evaluates the value of technologies, thus many evaluating methods have been proposed. Experts' opinion based approaches have been widely accepted to predict the value of technologies. Whereas this approach provides in-depth analysis and ensures validity of analysis results, it is usually cost-and time-ineffective and is limited to qualitative evaluation. Considerable studies attempt to forecast the value of technology by using patent information to overcome the limitation of experts' opinion based approach. Patent based technology evaluation has served as a valuable assessment approach of the technological forecasting because it contains a full and practical description of technology with uniform structure. Furthermore, it provides information that is not divulged in any other sources. Although patent information based approach has contributed to our understanding of prediction of promising technologies, it has some limitations because prediction has been made based on the past patent information, and the interpretations of patent analyses are not consistent. In order to fill this gap, this study proposes a technology forecasting methodology by integrating patent information approach and artificial intelligence method. The methodology consists of three modules : evaluation of technologies promising, implementation of technologies value prediction model, and recommendation of promising technologies. In the first module, technologies promising is evaluated from three different and complementary dimensions; impact, fusion, and diffusion perspectives. The impact of technologies refers to their influence on future technologies development and improvement, and is also clearly associated with their monetary value. The fusion of technologies denotes the extent to which a technology fuses different technologies, and represents the breadth of search underlying the technology. The fusion of technologies can be calculated based on technology or patent, thus this study measures two types of fusion index; fusion index per technology and fusion index per patent. Finally, the diffusion of technologies denotes their degree of applicability across scientific and technological fields. In the same vein, diffusion index per technology and diffusion index per patent are considered respectively. In the second module, technologies value prediction model is implemented using artificial intelligence method. This studies use the values of five indexes (i.e., impact index, fusion index per technology, fusion index per patent, diffusion index per technology and diffusion index per patent) at different time (e.g., t-n, t-n-1, t-n-2, ${\cdots}$) as input variables. The out variables are values of five indexes at time t, which is used for learning. The learning method adopted in this study is backpropagation algorithm. In the third module, this study recommends final promising technologies based on analytic hierarchy process. AHP provides relative importance of each index, leading to final promising index for technology. Applicability of the proposed methodology is tested by using U.S. patents in international patent class G06F (i.e., electronic digital data processing) from 2000 to 2008. The results show that mean absolute error value for prediction produced by the proposed methodology is lower than the value produced by multiple regression analysis in cases of fusion indexes. However, mean absolute error value of the proposed methodology is slightly higher than the value of multiple regression analysis. These unexpected results may be explained, in part, by small number of patents. Since this study only uses patent data in class G06F, number of sample patent data is relatively small, leading to incomplete learning to satisfy complex artificial intelligence structure. In addition, fusion index per technology and impact index are found to be important criteria to predict promising technology. This study attempts to extend the existing knowledge by proposing a new methodology for prediction technology value by integrating patent information analysis and artificial intelligence network. It helps managers who want to technology develop planning and policy maker who want to implement technology policy by providing quantitative prediction methodology. In addition, this study could help other researchers by proving a deeper understanding of the complex technological forecasting field.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2009

Generally, implantable microphone has been implanted in the temporal bone for implantable middle ear hearing devices (IMEHDs). In this case, the microphone's membrane can be damaged and can be generated biological noise. In order to overcome the these problems, the location of implanted microphone should be changed. As an alternative, the microphone can be implanted in the external auditory canal. However, the sound emission can be produced because of vibration transducer toward reverse direction from the tympanic membrane to the external auditory canal. In this paper, an amount of the emitted sound is measured using a probe microphone as the changing the position of microphone in the external auditory canal of a physical ear model, which is similar to acoustical and vibratory properties of the human ear. Through the measured value, the location of the microphone was assumed in the external auditory canal. According to the analysis, the microphone input sound can be decreased when microphone position become more distance from the tympanic membrane in the auditory canal. However, the external auditory canal is not appropriated to implantable microphone position, because sound emission is not completely eliminated.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.251-272
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• 2005

Given that cognitive demands of mathematical tasks can be changed during instruction, this study attempts to provide a detailed description to explore how tasks are set up and implemented in the classroom and what are the classroom-based factors. As an exploratory and qualitative case study, 4 of six-grade classrooms where high-level tasks on ratio and proportion were used were videotaped and analyzed with regard to the patterns emerged during the task setup and implementation. With regard to 16 tasks, four kinds of Patterns emerged: (a) maintenance of high-level cognitive demands (7 tasks), (b) decline into the procedure without connection to the meaning (1 task), (c) decline into unsystematic exploration (2 tasks), and (d) decline into not-sufficient exploration (6 tasks), which means that the only partial meaning of a given task is addressed. The 4th pattern is particularly significant, mainly because previous studies have not identified. Contributing factors to this pattern include private-learning without reasonable explanation, well-performed model presented at the beginning of a lesson, and mathematical concepts which are not clear in the textbook. On the one hand, factors associated with the maintenance of high-level cognitive demands include Improvising a task based on students' for knowledge, scaffolding of students' thinking, encouraging students to justify and explain their reasoning, using group-activity appropriately, and rethinking the solution processes. On the other hand, factors associated with the decline of high-level cognitive demands include too much or too little time, inappropriateness of a task for given students, little interest in high-level thinking process, and emphasis on the correct answer in place of its meaning. These factors may urge teachers to be sensitive of what should be focused during their teaching practices to keep the high-level cognitive demands. To emphasize, cognitive demands are fixed neither by the task nor by the teacher. So, we need to study them in the process of teaching and learning.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2009

This study develops a technique training program to enhance the completion of Kolman, the high air flight technique, and applies it to two national athletes of the horizontal bar, one of the gymnastic events, for eight weeks. After that, their improvement was measured through 3D motion analysis to help them elevate their performance. The training program includes swing, hand release, twist, and bar hold, and its implementation produced the results stated below. They were made to practice the motion in the following way. After the hand-standing of giant swing which initiates the motion, they lift their body upward a little bit more. Next, they take their body down almost like a vertical descent and make a deep tap swing. Instead of doing the tap swing which widens the flection of hip and shoulder joints, while body revolution is more emphasized in particular, they release the bar as raising the centroid of their body sufficiently. During the flight, they try to narrow every joint in their body. As a result, the bar's elasticity becomes greatly increased, and since the backing rate of their body gets higher, the centripetal force of the swing is improved that they can release the bar in the higher position. In addition, because they can erect their body faster during the flight, they can perform comfortable twist and revolution in the air. They can also adjust the direction of the flight easily without too much concern for the proper timing of hand release as they rise. Thereby, they can not only maintain adequate distance from the bar for the bar hold but also ensure enough distance for body revolution and twist.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.817-831
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• 2014

In this paper insights from studies on the middle income trap and value chains analyses are combined to investigate one particular industry in one particular region: the sugarcane industry in Northeastern Thailand. Focusing on this region enables an in-depth focus on geographical differentiation of the middle income trap. The empirical outcomes demonstrate that policymakers involved with sugar should look at the particular challenges in Northeastern Thailand: 1. The role of brokers which is unaddressed in the current regulatory environment; 2. A lack of information of the regulatory environment among growers; 3. Distrust between growers and millers; 4. Alack of implementation of R&D efforts; 5 .A lack of support from associations; 6. The labor shortage problem, and 7. No incentives for growers, brokers and millers to improve quality and embark on upgrading. Since agricultural value chains in Southeast Asia often start in relatively poor rural areas it is imperative that policymakers balance the interests of upstream, midstream and downstream actors. Unfortunately, this is rather difficult as midstream actors (millers) and wholesalers are powerful and therefore, are in the best position to defend their interests. Our insights could function as comparative material for similar studies within other Southeast Asian upstream value chains.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2015

In this paper, we present an inertial sensor-based gait analysis system to measure and analyze lower-limb movements. We developed an integral AHRS(Attitude Heading Reference System) using a combination of rate gyroscope, accelerometer and magnetometer sensor signals. Several AHRS modules mounted on segments of the patient's body provide the quaternions representing the patient segments's orientation in space. And a method is also proposed for calculating three-dimensional inter-segment joint angle which is an important bio-mechanical measure for a variety of applications related to rehabilitation. To evaluate the performance of our AHRS module, the Vicon motion capture system, which offers millimeter resolution of 3D spatial displacements and orientations, is used as a reference. The evaluation resulted in a RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) of 1.08 and 1.72 degree in yaw and pitch angle. In order to evaluate the performance of our the gait analysis system, we compared the joint angle for the hip, knee and ankle with those provided by Vicon system. The result shows that our system will provide an in-depth insight into the effectiveness, appropriate level of care, and feedback of the rehabilitation process by performing real-time limb or gait analysis during the post-stroke recovery.