• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.261-267
• /
• 1994

Parched mugwort tea was manufactured from mugwort (Artemisia asicatica nakai) leaves by traditional green tea preparation method. Volatile flavor compounds were collected by Tenax GC and they separated on DB-5 capillary column ($60m\;\times\;0.25mm$ i.d.) Fifty eight compounds were isolated and identified by GC-MS from the volatiles. Eleven compounds incucluding benzaldehyde, pinene, myrcene, cineole, 2-phrrolidinonoe, camphor, thujong, 1-acetylpiperidine, caryophyllene, coumarin, and farnesol among the compounds identified were considered as important compounds contributing mugwort-like flavor to the parched mugwort tea. The mixture of these eleven authentic compounds could reproduce aroma of mugwort leaves harvested in April. As results, the concentrations of these eleven flavor compounds in parched mugwort tea may indicate the strength of mugwort-like aroma of the tea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.267-273
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the distributive property of organic pollutants in effluents of argo/industrial wastewater treatment plants in Jeonnam using simultaneous analysis method of 310 chemicals. The numerous organic pollutants were detected in four sampling sites and the major chemicals were pesticides, CH type chemicals such as polycyclic compounds, CHO type chemicals such as phthalates, and CHO(N) type chemical such as aromatic amines. Moreover, 17 kinds of endocrine disrupters which include diethylptbalate were detected in each sampling sites. TU (Toxic unit) indicated cytotoxicity of samples using XTT assay, it appeared highly at A point(27.2) and D point(24.4). Also, the results from the correlation between total concentration of pollutants and TU did not correspond to the results of chemical and biological analysis.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.544-550
• /
• 2010

Mistaking pink colored thermal oil for grape wine, a victim drank the oil to death which was analyzed to contain 39% of ethylene glycol. Thermal oil could be used for heat transfer to prevent the malfunction due to the high pressure in the boiler operated at high temperature when using water. Main component of thermal oil is known to be mineral oil or ethylene glycol. From the blood and other tissue of the victim from autopsy, ethylene glycol and its metabolite were simultaneously analyzed by GC/MS after extraction under acidic condition with acetonitrile followed by derivatization with BSTFA. About 0.2 g of the specimens were pretreated with 50 uL of 0.5 M HCl solution to keep acidic condition, then dehydrated with anhydrous sodium sulfate followed by concentration under nitrogen stream. Ethylene glycol and glycolic acid concentration in blood was measured to be $2,755\;{\mu}g/mL$ and $174\;{\mu}g/mL$ respectively. In other specimen, the concentration of ethylene glycol and glycolic acid was $860\;{\mu}g/g\sim1,290\;{\mu}g/g$ and $93\;{\mu}g/g\sim134\;{\mu}g/g$. Especially, crystal appeared in kidney which was supposed xalate from the metabolite of ethylene glycol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.246-253
• /
• 2007

Mineral and volatile flavor compounds of Pimpinella brochycarpa N., a perennial Korean medicinal plant of the Umbelliferae family, were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and simultaneous steam distillation extract (SDE)-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS), head space solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME)-GC/MS. Mineral contents of the stalks and leaves were compared and the flavor patterns of the fresh and the shady air-dried samples were obtained by the electronic nose (EN) with 6 metal oxide sensors. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out using the data obtained from EN. The 1st principal values of the fresh samples have + values and the shady air-dried have - values. The essential oil extracted from the fresh and the shady air-dried by SDE method contain 58 and 31 flavor compounds. When HS-SPME method with CAR/PDMS fiber and PDMS fiber were used, 34 and 21 flavor compounds. The principal volatile components of Pimpinella brachycarpa N. were ${\alpha}$-selinene, germacrene D, and myrcene.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.233-237
• /
• 2008

The essential oil was obtained from the aerial part of Rhododendon mucronulatum Turcz. var. ciliatum Nakai by steam distillation, samples were collected by headspace (HS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) methods, and the compositions of the oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Nineteen constituents were identified from the essential oil: 15 carbohydrates, 3 alcohols, and 1 acetates. Major constituents were 2-${\beta}$-pinene (16.1%), camphene (11.9%), ${\delta}$-3-carene (11.4%), d,l-limonene (9.5%), and ${\gamma}$-terpinene (9.5%). By SPME extraction, seventeen constituents were identified: 13 hydrocarbons, 1 alcohol, 1 nitrogen-containing compound, 1 acetate, and 1 amine. Major constituents of the SPME-extracted sample were cam phene (19.6%), 2-${\beta}$-pinene (18.0%), ${\delta}$-3-carene (17.4%), trimethyl hydrazine (9.7%), ${\gamma}$-terpinene (8.5%), and d,l-limonene (5.5%). By HS extraction, thirteen constituents were identified: 11 hydrocarbons, 1 alcohol, and 1 nitrogen-containing compound. Major constituents of the HS-extracted sample were camphene (25.8%), ${\delta}$-3-carene (24.8%), 2-${\beta}$-pinene (20.2%), d,l-limonene (5.4%), tricyclene (5.1%) and trimethyl hydrazine (4.6%). The fragrance of the essential oil was coniferous, balsamic, and woody, and the $IC_{50}$ value of the essential oil was 0.030 ${\mu}g/mg$ in MTT assay using UaCaT keratinocyte cell line.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.124-129
• /
• 2004

The composition of essential oils isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia iwayomogi Kitamura and Artemisia capillaris Thunberg collected from two diffenent cultivation area, respectively, was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Sixty components were identified in oils from A. iwayomogi. The major components of A. iwayomogi oil collected from one area (Sample A) were iso-pinocamphone (31.64%), 1,8-cineo1e (21.55%), ${\beta}-pinene$ (4.46%), pinocarvone (3.72%), myrtenal (3.42%) and trans-pinocarve1 (3.14%), and the major components of the oil from the other area (Sample B) were camphor (26.99%), 1,8-cineo1e (21.55%), ${\alpha}-terpineol$ (7.63%), borneol (4.10%), camphene (3.97%) and artemisia ketone (3.84%). Eighty components were identified in oils from A. capillaris. The major components were capillene $(26.01{\sim}30.31%)$, ${\beta}-pinene(8.55{\sim}18.38%)$, ${\beta}-caryophyllene(8.80{\sim}13.70%)$, ${\beta}-himachalene(1.67{\sim}5.57%)$, $cis,trans- {\alpha}-farnesene(2.10{\sim}7.38%)$ and germacrene D $(2.27{\sim}5.46%)$ and there was no difference in oil composition of A. capillaris between two cultivation area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.153-162
• /
• 2022

Objectives: Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer which is one of the material extrusion (MEX) technologies is an additive manufacturing (AM) process. 3D printers have been distributed widely in Korea, particularly in school and office, even at home. Several studies have shown that nanoparticles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were emitted from an FDM 3D printing process. The objective of this study was to identify types of chemicals possibly emitted from FDM 3D printing materials such as PLA (polylactic acid), ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), nylon, PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol), PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), PC (polycarbonate) filaments. Methods: 19 FDM 3D printing filaments which have been distributed in Korea were selected and analyzed VOCs emitted of 3D printing materials by headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (headspace GC-MS). Subsamples were put into a vial and heated up to 200℃ (500 rpm) during 20 minutes before analyzing FDM 3D printing filaments. Results: In the case of PLA filament, lactide and methyl methacrylate, the monomer components of one, were detected, and the volume ratio ranged 27~93%, 0.5~37% respectively. In the case of ABS filaments, styrene (50.5~59.1%), the monomer components of one, was detected. Several VOCs among acetaldehyde, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, etc were detected from each FDM 3D printing filaments. Conclusions: Several VOCs, semi-VOCs were emitted from FDM 3D printing filaments in this study and previous studies. Users were possibly exposed to ones so that we strongly believe that we recommend to install the ventilation system such as a local exhaust ventilation (LEV) when they operate the FDM 3D printers in a workplace.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.45-55
• /
• 2003

The alkylphenols, chlorophenols and bisphenol A were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrom-etry-selected ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM) mode followed by two work-up methods for comparison; isoBOC derivatization method and TBDMS derivatization method. Eleven phenols in paper samples were extracted with acetonitrile. Also, solid -phase extraction (SPE) with XAD -4 and subsequent conversion to isobutoxycarbonyl derivatives or tert.-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives for sensitive analysis with the selected ion-monitoring (SIM) mode. The SIM responses were linear with the correlation coefficient varying 0.9717 ∼ 0.9995 (isoBOC derivatization), and 0.9842 ∼ 0.9980 (TBDMS derivatization). The recoveries were 82.4 ∼ 108.8％) by area ratio of phenanthrene -d$\_$10/ vs bisphenol A-d$\^$l6/. (isoBOC derivatization and TBDMS derivatization) The range of concentrations was respectively, 0.95 ∼ 1.44 ng/g in 2,4-dichlorophenol, 1.01 ∼ 1.17 ng/g in t-butylphenol,2.17 ∼ 5.84 ng/g in pentachlorophenol, 12.68 ∼ 14.88 ng/g in nonylphenol and 30.84 ∼ 153.72 ng/g in bisphenol A.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.246-254
• /
• 2007

Fresh tea leaves grown in Jeju Island and Jeonnam Province of South Korea were plucked and processed. Volatile compounds (VCs) were analyzed and identified with SPME-GC/GC-MS/GC-O. The VCs of green teas were classified into two major categories based on their aroma characteristics: the Greenish (Group I), and Floral (Group II) odorants. It was found that the VCs were decreased significantly in fresh tea leaves as they were plucked at the later stages of cultivation. The ratio of VCs responsible for Group I and Group II compounds was well-balanced in tea leaves plucked in May, but the balances were changed when the fresh leaves were processed. The major VCs of fresh tea leaves in Jeju and Jeonnam were n-hexanal, E-2-hexenal, Z-3-hexenal, myrcene, benzyl alcohol, linalool, and phenyl alcohol. Also, Jeju and Jeonnam tea leaves had different aroma composition. n-Heptanol, ${\beta}-pinene$, benzaldehyde, and ethyl salicylate were found in Jeju fresh tea leaves, and Z-3-hexenol, E-2-hexenol, and methyl n-heptanoate were detected in Jeju dry tea leaves. On the other hand, Z-linalool oxide and myrcene were found in Jeonnam dry tea leaves. The SPME-GC method showed high reproducibility (RSD, 7.4%) with no-artifact formation. In this study, optimum plucking period of tea leaves could be determined for production of high quality green tea with a well-balanced aroma and characteristic VCs in green tea according to growing areas.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2015

Objectives : The present study was under taken to characterize chemical composition, antioxidant and cyto-protecting capacity of essential oil obtained from leaves of Liriodendron tulipifera L. Methods : Essential oil from the leafof L. tulipifera L. (EOLL) was extracted by hydro-distillation process and further its chemical composition was evaluated by GC-MS analysis. The in vitro antioxidant potential of the EOLL was determined by DPPH ^●, ABTS ^●+, superoxide and nitric oxide free radical scavenging activity using different concentrations in the range of 50-800 μg/mL. In addition, cyto-protecting property of the EOLLwas determined by MTT assay on Raw 264.7 macrophage cells challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ). Results : The result of GC-MS analysis showed presence of 34 volatile compounds, principally germacrene D, spathulenol, and α -cadinol in EOLL. The in vitro antioxidant assays of EOLL at the highest used concentration of 800 μg/mL showed 81.62, 84.29, 83.59 and 58.59% inhibition of DPPH ^●, ABTS ^●+, superoxide, and nitric oxide radicals, respectively. It also showed ferric reducing ability with 1310.04 mM Fe (II)/g of essential oil. The EOLL at three different concentrations (200, 400 and 800 μg/mL) protected the cells from H ₂ O ₂ -induced cell damage through scavenging intracellular ROS. Conclusion : The findings from the study suggest that essential oil isolated from leaves of L tulipifera L. is a potent sources of natural antioxidants, which could be used to treat the diseases associated with oxidative stress condition.