• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.8-22
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• 1998

The phytomass and productivity of the evergreen needle pines(Pinus densiflora and Pinus rigida) and of the deciduous broad- leaved oaks(Quercus acutissima, Quercus variabililis and Quercus mongolica) in the watershed forests of South Han River, central part of Korea was estimated by the allometry. The allometic relations between D$^2$H and dry weight of stem(Ws), branches(Wb) and leaves(Wl) of these forests were as follows: Pinus densiflora community : logWs=0.58482D$^2$H-0.42417 logWb=0.6234D$^2$H-1.2321 logWl=0.2247D$^2$H-0.09359 Pinus rigida community : logWs=0.9218D$^2$H-1.4692 logWb=1.0064D$^2$H-2.2278 logWl=0.6275D$^2$H-1.1715 Quercus acutissima community : logWs=0.96659D$^2$H-1.56975 logWb=0.86315D$^2$H-2.17944 logWl=0.79876D$^2$H-1.97137 Quercus variabilis community : logWs=0.4753D$^2$H＋0.20026 logWb=0.5725D$^2$H-0.92006 logW1=0.61649D$^2$H-1.4288 Quercus momgolica community : logWs=0.5526D$^2$H-0.1228 logWb=0.5188D$^2$H-0.9787 logWl=0.7754D$^2$H-2.6273 From the above formulae, the phytomass of Pinus densiflora was estimated to be much as 1,200,000 ton, Pinus rigida 610,000 ton, Quercus acutissima 289 ton, Quercus variabilis 2,800ton and Quercus mongolica 570,000 ton in the surveyed area, respectively. Accordingly, the phytomass of Pinus densiflora forest was occupied about 43.9 % in toto and was higher thanthose of other forests. The phytomass of watershed forests belonging to Degree 8 and Degree7 divided by degree of green naturality(DGN) was 74,000 ton and 2,000,000 ton, resfectively. Accordingly, the watershed forests in South Han River were mainly composed of Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica forests belonging to Degree 7.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.437-444
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• 2019

For c > -1, let ${\nu}_c$ denote a weighted radial measure on ${\mathbb{C}}$ normalized so that ${\nu}_c(D)=1$. For $c_1,c_2>-1$ and $f{\in}L^1(D^2,\;{\nu}_{c_1}{\times}{\nu}_{c_2})$, we define the weighted Berezin transform $B_{c_1,c_2}f$ on $D^2$ by $$(B_{c_1,c_2})f(z,w)={\displaystyle{\smashmargin2{\int\nolimits_D}{\int\nolimits_D}}}f({\varphi}_z(x),\;{\varphi}_w(y))\;d{\nu}_{c_1}(x)d{\upsilon}_{c_2}(y)$$. This paper is about the space $M^p_{c_1,c_2}$ of function $f{\in}L^p(D^2,\;{\nu}_{c_1}{\times}{\nu}_{c_2})$ ) satisfying $B_{c_1,c_2}f=f$ for $1{\leq}p<{\infty}$. We find the identity operator on $M^p_{c_1,c_2}$ by using invariant Laplacians and we characterize some special type of functions in $M^p_{c_1,c_2}$.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 1979

Condensation of 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl bromide (2) with 1,2;3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-${\alpha}$-D-galactopyranose (3) in the presence of silver triflate and syn-collidine gave 1,2;3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-6-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl)-${\alpha}$-D-galactopyranose (4) in $86{\%}$ yield. Cleavage of phthalimido group and de-O-acetylation with hydrazine, acetylation, and hydrolysis of isopropylidene and O-acetyl groups furnished 6-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-galactopyranose (1) with overall yield of $65.8{\%}$ starting from 3. Some other derivatives of 1 which have free hydroxyl groups at the specific position have also been prepared from 4. These compounds could be used as precursors for further glycosidation reactions.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.819-826
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to prove the following results; (1) Let R be a prime ring of char $(R)\neq 2$ and I a nonzero left ideal of R. The existence of a nonzero symmetric bi-derivation D : $R\timesR\;\longrightarrow\;$ such that d is sew-commuting on I where d is the trace of D forces R to be commutative (2) Let m and n be integers with $m\;\neq\;0.\;or\;n\neq\;0$. Let R be a noncommutative prime ring of char$ (R))\neq \; 2-1\; p_1 \;n_1$ where p is a prime number which is a divisor of m, and I a nonzero two-sided ideal of R. Let $D_1$ ; $R\;\times\;R\;\longrightarrow\;and\;$ $D_2\;:\;R\;\times\;R\;longrightarrow\;R$ be symmetric bi-derivations. Suppose further that there exists a symmetric bi-additive mapping B ; $R\;\times\;R\;\longrightarrow\;and\;$ such that $md_1(\chi)\chi ＋ n\chi d_2(\chi)=f(\chi$) holds for all $\chi$$\in$I, where $d_1 \;and\; d_2$ are the traces of $D_1 \;and\; D_2$ respectively and f is the trace of B. Then we have $D_1=0 \;and\; D_2=0$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1232-1236
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• 2013

The Cu cation binding sites of $[Cu(I){\cdot}d(CpG){\cdot}d(CpG)-2H]^{-1}$ complex have been investigated to explain the $[Cu{\cdot}DNA]$ biological activity caused by the Cu association to DNA. The structure of $[Cu(I){\cdot}d(CpG){\cdot}d(CpG)-2H]^{-1}$ complex was investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The fragmentation patterns of $[Cu(I){\cdot}d(CpG){\cdot}d(CpG)-2H]^{-1}$ complex were analyzed by MS/MS spectra. In the MS/MS spectra of $[Cu(I){\cdot}d(CpG){\cdot}d(CpG)-2H]^{-1}$ complex, three fragment ions were observed with the loss of d(CpG), {d(CpG) + Cyt}, and {d(CpG) + Cyt + dR}. The Cu cation binds to d(CpG) mainly by substituting the $H^+$ of phosphate group. Simultaneously, the Cu cation prefers to bind to a guanine base rather than a cytosine base. Five possible geometries were considered in the attempt to optimize the $[Cu(I){\cdot}d(CpG){\cdot}d(CpG)-2H]^{-1}$ complex structure. The ab initio calculations were performed at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.643-702
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• 2021

Fix ℤ/2 is the prime field of two elements and write 𝒜₂ for the mod 2 Steenrod algebra. Denote by GL_d := GL(d, ℤ/2) the general linear group of rank d over ℤ/2 and by ${\mathfrak{P}}_d$ the polynomial algebra ℤ/2[x₁, x₂, …, x_d] as a connected unstable 𝒜₂-module on d generators of degree one. We study the Peterson "hit problem" of finding the minimal set of 𝒜₂-generators for ${\mathfrak{P}}_d$. Equivalently, we need to determine a basis for the ℤ/2-vector space $$Q{\mathfrak{P}}_d:={\mathbb{Z}}/2{\otimes}_{\mathcal{A}_2}\;{\mathfrak{P}}_d{\sim_=}{\mathfrak{P}}_d/{\mathcal{A}}^+_2{\mathfrak{P}}_d$$ in each degree n ≥ 1. Note that this space is a representation of GL_d over ℤ/2. The problem for d = 5 is not yet completely solved, and unknown in general. In this work, we give an explicit solution to the hit problem of five variables in the generic degree n = r(2^t - 1) + 2^ts with r = d = 5, s = 8 and t an arbitrary non-negative integer. An application of this study to the cases t = 0 and t = 1 shows that the Singer algebraic transfer of rank 5 is an isomorphism in the bidegrees (5, 5 + (13.2⁰ - 5)) and (5, 5 + (13.2¹ - 5)). Moreover, the result when t ≥ 2 was also discussed. Here, the Singer transfer of rank d is a ℤ/2-algebra homomorphism from GL_d-coinvariants of certain subspaces of $Q{\mathfrak{P}}_d$ to the cohomology groups of the Steenrod algebra, $Ext^{d,d+*}_{\mathcal{A}_2}$ (ℤ/2, ℤ/2). It is one of the useful tools for studying these mysterious Ext groups.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.76-82
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• 2001

Because the biological tissue with inhomogeneous acoustic properties does not keep a particular shape, the measurement of propagation characteristics of ultrasonic fields by the conventional scanning method with a miniature hydrophone is difficult. In this study, a two-dimensional may hydrophone was fabricated using the PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride) piezo-electric film and a ultrasonic field measurement system with it was established. For the acoustic field produced by a circular plan transducer with center frequency of 2.25㎒ and 13㎜ in diameter, it was possible to make a fairly accurate field measurement using the hydrophone system. The attenuation coefficients at 2.25 ㎒ for biological tissues were 0.7∼1.3 dB/cm(average; 1.0 dB/cm) in bovine liver, 1.0∼1.8 dB/cm (average; 1.6 dB/cm) in pig liver, 0.9∼2,9 dB/cm(average: 2.1 dB/cm) in bovine muscles, 1.7∼3.3 dB/cm (average; 2.5 dB/cm) in pig muscles.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 1996

The experiments were conducted to identify the herbicidal effect of 2,4-D{ (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid}, 2,4-D ethylester {ethyl 2,4- dichlorophenoxy acetate} and bentazon{3- isopropyl-1H-2,1,3- benzothiazin- 4-(3H)one 2,2-dioxide} on Sagittaria trifolia. Both 2,4-D and 2,4-D ethylester could completely control S. trifolia when applied before 80 days after transplanting of the tubers (DAT), but the weeding effect by bentazone decreased when applied after 60 DAT. 2,4-D and 2,4-D ethylester were effectively translocated from the treated parts to growing point. They killed S. trifolia completely when applied at 80 DAT under 3cm standing water depths, but the controlling effect by bentazone decreased at deeper than 1cm standing water depth. Formation of S. trifolia tuber was effectively suppressed with 2,4-D at 7g ai/10a and 2,4-D ethylester at 6g ai/10a when applied 60 DAT.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.441-448
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• 2010

In present study, classification and quality control of Genus Polygonatum were developed using the isolated from Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma and Polygonati Rhizoma. 3 components were isolated from Butanol fractions of Polygonati Rhizoma, and 2 components were isolated from Hexane and Butanol fractions of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma. All the components were obtained using silica gel and ODS column chromatography. The compounds were identified as adenosine, 14-hydroxylfurost-5-ene-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranosyl-26-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside, 22-O-methyl-14-hydrocxyfurost-5-ene-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}$-Dgalactopyranosyl-26-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside, ${\beta}$-Sitosteryl-3-O-${\beta}$-D-D-glucopyranoside, 14-hydoxylfurost-5-ene-3-O-${\beta}$-Dglucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-O-[${\beta}$-D-xylopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}3$)]-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranoside through physicochemical data, spectroscopic methods ($^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, Mass) according references. The quality control of genus Polygonatum were conducted using HPLC quantitative analysis of 14-hydroxylfurost-5-ene-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\beta}4$)-O-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranosyl-26-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside, 14-hydoxylfurost-5-ene-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-O-[${\beta}$-D-xylopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}3$)]-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranoside in 30 samples collected throughout Korea and China. This method provided a tool for standardization of mix or misusing the commercial Odorati Rhizoma and Polygonati Rhizoma. As a result, contained quantity of 14-hydroxylfurost-5-ene-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranosyl-26-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside was measured $0.008{\pm}0.006%$ and 14-hydoxylfurost-5-ene-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-O-[${\beta}$-D-xylopyranosyl-(13)]-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}$-Dgalactopyranoside was measured $0.026{\pm}0.012%$.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2018

Objectives: To determine the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Questionnaire (MMPI-2 scales). Methods: The 2D:4D ratio in 101 Korean medical students was measured. MMPI-2 test was performed. Results: In the unisex group, there were significantly positive correlations between the 2D:4D ratio and MMPI-2 scales of Hs, D, Pt, Sc, Si, RC1, RC2, RC8, INTR, ANX, OBS, HEA, BIZ, LSE, WRK, TRT, A, R, Mt, PK, and AAS while there were significantly negative correlations between the 2D:4D ratio and MMPI-2 scales of Es and Do. In the male group, there were significantly positive correlations between the 2D:4D ratio and MMPI-2 scales of Hs, RC1, RC8, HEA, and AAS while there were significantly negative correlations between the 2D:4D ratio and MMPI-2 scale of AGGR. In the female group, the 2D:4D ratio showed significantly positive correlations with MMPI-2 scales of Pt, Sc, Si, RC1, RC2, RC6, INTR, DEP, BIZ, LSE, WRK, A, Mt, PK, and Ho while it showed significantly negative correlations with MMPI-2 scale of Do. Conclusions: MMPI-2 scales are correlated with the 2D: 4D ratio. Therefore, 2D: 4D ratio could be used as an indicator to reflect multiphasic personality of individuals.