• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.2025-2033
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• 2020

Signature-based safeguards (SBS) is being developed to assist tradition nuclear material accountancy methods in tracking material in pyroprocessing facilities. SBS involves identifying off-normal scenarios that would result in improper movement of material in a pyroprocessing facilities and determining associated sensor response signatures. SBS investigations are undertaken in the computational space utilizing an electrochemical transport code known as enhanced REFIN with anodic dissolution (ERAD) to calculate the affect of off-normal conditions in the electrorefiner (ER) on material movement. Work is undertaken to experimentally validate the predictions and assumptions made by ERAD for off-normal occurrences. These experiments were undertaken on a benchtop scale and involved operating an electrochemical cell at 10 separate current densities for constant current operations to deposit U and Gd at a W cathode. These experiments were then modeled using ERAD to compare calculated predictions versus analytical experimental results it was found. It was discovered both the experimental and calculated results reflect a trend of increased codeposition of U and Gd with increasing current density. ERAD was thus demonstrated to be useful for predicting trends from anomalous operation but will require further optimization to be utilized as a quantitative design tool.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07f
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• pp.2033-2036
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• 1997

In this paper, we proposed a novel current-fed DC-DC converter with multi-output. It has two winding reactor in series with the input source of the converter. By using the 2nd winding recycling the energy stored in the reactor to the input, the double-outputs DC-DC converter can be created, which makes it a good choice for a multi-output power supply with more outputs and has savings in cost and space. The steady state and dynamic characteristics of the converter are analyzed in detail by using the state space averaging method. It is found that the maximum value of $V_{o2}$ exists in the 2nd output and also during the MOSFET off period, the energy stored in the magnetizing inductance is reset through auxiliary winding $N_3$, so the duty cycle is restricted to 50%. Theoretical and experimental results were taken from the converter rated at switching frequency 50kHz. input voltage 50V. output voltage 5V. 12V and output power 65W. As a result, both results were well consistent. Therefore, it is varified the validity of the proposed converter in this paper.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.2033-2037
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• 2009

호소내의 흐름은 중력의 영향을 받는 하천의 흐름과는 달리 열수지에 의한 밀도류 및 바람 등에 영향을 크게 받아 특유의 유동특성을 나타낸다. 본 연구에서는 EFDC(Environmental fluid Dynamics Code, 미국 버지니아 해양연구소 개발) 모델을 이용하여 호소 내 수치모의를 실시하였다. 복잡한 지형을 형성하고 있는 호수 내의 유동특성의 정밀도를 향상시키기 위해서는, 흐름특성을 고려한 grid작성이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 1:3000, 1:5000 축척의 수치지도를 이용하여 장흥호의 하상단면 값을 추정하였으며, GIS를 이용하여 (${\Delta}x$, ${\Delta}y$)=100m로 DEM을 생성하였다. 그리고 구성된 DEM값을 이용하여 정밀도가 높은 최종 Cartesian grid(active cell=706)를 구축하였다. EFDC를 이용한 장흥호의 수치모의 결과 호수내의 흐름은 수면을 통한 열 교환에 의한 수온 밀도류를 형성하고 있으며, 수온성층의 형성과 파괴가 호수 흐름을 형성하는 큰 인자로 작용한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고, 호에 유입되는 하천부분에서는 유입되는 수온에 따라 흐름특성이 변하며, 유입수온에 따라 호수 내 관입위치가 변하여 표면흐름, 내부흐름, 저부흐름 등의 흐름특성을 보인다 이상과 같이, 호수내의 흐름특성을 열수지, 외력에 의해서 크게 변동하며 해석대상역의 지역특성을 반영한 수리현상의 정확한 재현 없이는, 이 유동해석결과를 입력치로 하는 수질모델링 결과는 신뢰도에 심각한 문제를 발생시킨다고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.2024-2033
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• 2015

A gene encoding lipolytic enzyme, lip7-3, was isolated from Bacillus sp. W130-35 isolated from a tidal mud flat. The gene encoded a protein of 215 amino acids with a signal peptide composed of 34 amino acid residues. Lip7-3 belonged to the family I.4 lipase and showed its maximal activity at pH 9.0 and 60℃. Its activity increased in the presence of 30% methanol and, remarkably, increased as well to 154.6% in the presence of Ca²⁺. Lip7-3 preferred p-nitrophenyl octanoate (C8) as a substrate and exhibited broad specificity for short- to long- chain fatty acid esters. Additionally, Lip7-3 showed a low degree of enantioselectivity for an S-enantiomer (e.g., (S)-methyl-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate). It efficiently hydrolyzed glyceryl tributyrate, but did not hydrolyze glyceryl trioleate, fish oil, or olive oil. Its substrate specificity and activation by the solvent might offer a merit to the biotechnological enzyme applications like transesterification in the production of biodiesel.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.2027-2033
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the stratification of fuel vapor with different in-cylinder flow, piston cavity and injection timings in an optically accessible engine. Three different piston shapes that are F(Flat), B(Bowl) and R(Re-entrance) types were used. The images of liquid and vapor fuel were captured under the motoring condition using Laser Induced Exciplex Fluorescence technique. As a result, at early injection timing of 270 BTDC, liquid fuel was evaporated faster by tumble flow than swirl flow, where most of fuel vapor were transported by tumble flow to the lower region and both sides of cylinder for the F-type piston. At late injection timing of 90 BTDC, tumble flow appears to be moving the fuel vapor to the intake side of the cylinder, while swirl flow convects the fuel vapor to the exhaust side. The concentration of mixture in the center region was highest in the B-type piston, while fuel vapor was transported to the exhaust side by swirl flow in F and R-type pistons. At the injection timing of 60 BTDC, the R-type piston was better for stratification due to a relatively smaller bowl diameter than the others.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.119-130
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• 1994

To deposit silicon on borosilicate glass substrates, 18 different substrate combinations were investigated because of the difficulty of direct deposition of silicon. Sucessful results were obtained from Al-and Mg-treated glass and furnace annealed sputtered silicon deposited glass substrates. A continuous silicon thin film on a large area substrates was obtained in the temperatures ranges from $420^{\circ}C to 520^{\circ}C$. These thin films might be applied to lower the cost of solar cells and solar cell modules.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.193-201
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• 2014

Around 80% of the 63 million people in the UK live in urban areas where demand for affordable housing is highest. Supply of new dwellings is a long way short of demand and with an average annual replacement rate of 0.5% more than 80% of the existing residential housing stock will still be in use by 2050. A high proportion of owner-occupiers, a weak private rental sector and lack of sustainable financing models render England's housing market one of the least responsive in the developed world. As an exploratory research the purpose of this paper is to examine the provision of social housing in the United Kingdom with a particular focus on England, and to set out implications for housing associations delivering sustainable community development. The paper is based on an analysis of historical data series (Census data), current macro-economic data and population projections to 2033. The paper identifies a chronic undersupply of affordable housing in England which is likely to be exacerbated by demographic development, changes in household composition and reduced availability of finance to develop new homes. Based on the housing market trends analysed in this paper opportunities are identified for policy makers to remove barriers to the delivery of new affordable homes and for social housing providers to evolve their business models by taking a wider role in sustainable community development.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.12A
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• pp.2025-2033
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• 1999

In this paper, we forecast launching time of the commercial IMT-2000 service as feb. 2001, according to expert’s opinion, and most of they forecast rapid evolution. And, we propose two different models according to two cases for competition power of price for IMT-2000 service subscriber demand forecasting. In this paper, we combine the expert’s opinion method with the growth curve model for demand forecasting for new products in order to reduce error of the demand forecasting that haven’t past references. The estimation of needed coefficients for each growth curve model is based on experts’ subjective opinions.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07d
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• pp.2031-2033
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• 2002

고 배속 광디스크 드라이브(ODD) 시스템에서 위치제어 성능을 향상시키기 위해서는 디스크의 면 진동과 수평 진동과 같은 외란에 의한 오차를 감소 시켜야만 한다. 따라서 하드디스크를 포함한 여러 분야에서 뛰어난 외란 제거 성능을 보이고 있는 외란 관측기는 좋은 대안이 될 수 있다. 그러나 ODD 같은 양산용 전자제품에 외란 관측기를 구현하기 위해서는 별도의 계산 장치가 필요하고, 출력신호를 직접 Feedback 신호로 활용해야 하는 경우가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 ODD 시스템의 외란을 제거하기 위한 수정된 구조를 가지는 오차를 기초로 한 외란관측기(Error Based Modified Disturbance Observer, EM-DOB)를 제안한다. EM-ROB 시스템은 DOB 시스템에 비해 그 구조가 더욱 간편하고 쉽게 구현 할 수 있다는 장점을 가진다. 그리고 제안한 EM-DOB 시스템의 특성을 연구하고 실험을 통해서 EM-DOB의 효용성을 입증하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.2026-2033
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• 2019

Fluidelastic instability of a tube array is a key factor of the security of a nuclear power plant. An unsteady model of the fluidelastic instability of a tube array subjected to two-phase flow was developed to analyze the fluidelastic instability of tube bundles in two-phase flow. Based on this model, a computational program was written to calculate the eigenvalue and the critical velocity of the fluidelastic instability. The unsteady model and the program were verified by comparing with the experimental results reported previously. The influences of void fraction and the tube's material properties on the critical velocity were investigated. Numerical results showed that, with increasing the void fraction of the two-phase flow, the tube array becomes more stable. The results indicate that the critical velocities of the tube array made of stainless are much higher than those of the other two tube arrays within void fraction ranging from 20% to 80%.