• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.149-163
• /
• 2004

Physical and chemical properties of root zone mixes and methods of green construction are important considerations for improving turf grass quality for putting greens. This study compared Penncross creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) performance as affected by three root zone construction systems with three amendments (sand, peat, and zeolite). The objective of this study was to determine if an amended California construction system would improve green performance during establishment (1998-1999) and maturation (2000-2001). Three treatments were tested: California ($100\%$ sand), USGA($90\%$ sand and $10\%$ peat, v/v), and California-Z ($85\%$ sand and $15\%$ zeolite, v/v). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with four replicates. Physical and chemical properties of the root zone and bentgrass performance were compared for the treatments. The California-Z treatment had the highest saturated hydraulic conductivity, field infiltration rate and the lowest bulk density. It also had the highest cation exchange capacity and plant available nutrient concentrations among the three treatments. The California-Z treatment produced bentgrass quality and color during green establishment and maturation that were equal to or higher than the California treatment, and consistently higher than the USGA treatment. The addition of an inorganic amendment to the California system improved physical and chemical properties of the root zone and improved quality and color of bentgrass during green establishment. During green maturation, creeping bentgrass in the California-Z treatment was equal (6 of 15 sampling dates) or $20\%$ higher (9 of 15 dates) in quality compared to the California system.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.427-440
• /
• 2000

A comparative study was made about health resources, medical care service statistics and public health service statistics by health subcenters at Jangdong and Jangpyung townships, Jangheung County, Chollanamdo before and after the unification of two health subcenter to improve their function. 1. While two general physicians, one dentist, 4 nurse aids arid one oral hygienist were working at two health subcenters with simple facility with examination room and public health office in 1997 prior to the unification, in 1999 after the unification of two health subcenters 14 staff including a specialist physician, a general physician, a dentist, a herb hygienist, a radiology technician and a physical therapist were working in the new health subcenters equipped with appropriate facilities in two storey building. 2. In 1997 before the unification the yearly total income of two health subcenters was 78,815 thousand won(about 14,000 won per capita) and the amount was 140,376 thousand won(about 25,000 won per capita) in 1999 after the unification. And the income was used for operation of health subcenters excluding personnel expense. 3. While 90.5% of visitors to the health subcenters came for general medical care, and 91.6% came for the revisit before the unification, after the unification 71.2% came for general medical care, 10.8% for dental care, 16.5% for oriental physician's care, 29.7% for the first visit and 70.3% for revisit. Most common problem cared for was musculoskeletal disorder like arthralgia. Average treatment cost per person per month was 9,363 won before the unification and 8,309 won after the unification. 4. Through the comparison of execution rate of public health services before and after the unification. the practice rate of most health service among target population including visiting service for chronic illness, maternal and child health service and immunization service increased after the unification. The practice rate of tuberculosis control service, hypertension control and diabetes management was a little decreased. In conclusion, continuous effort to satisfy all persons in two townships and evaluation are necessary to coincide with the spirit of unification of two health subcenters.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.95-129
• /
• 2001

The treatise is a follow-up thesis of "The Archival Management : destination of its education" published by The Research Institute for Korean Archives and Records in June 17, 2000, and it was written to secure its original temper of the "Archival Management" which has established at first as the domestic collegiate educational course. Presently, we are mixed up for interpretation of terminology by facing unfamiliar words: such as, Archives, Documents, Manuscripts, Records / Archival Management, Archival Preservation / Archivist, Archival Conservator, Manuscripts Curator and Record Manager. Also, tile treatise has confirmed scholars' various opinion about its education and curriculum not only domestic but overseas scholars, and examined realities and course of studies of 4 overseas countries, and also have purpose to pursue domestic universities' actual condition of curriculum and its reform measure. And since dispositon of Archivist and the professional organization of the Archivist was based on the Laws, therefore, establishment of an educational institution for Archival Management from now on will be expanded more and need to be accelerated. Accordingly, the universities that already established or to be established from now on, shall be needed educational quality and its contents to be ascended. Its concrete plan is as follows : (1) Now, disarranged archive and record words, and to make publish 'Glossary of Archives & Records' as soon as possible. (2) Remind the substance of the Record and Archival Management and its sphere again and need to be considered alteration of the studies' name. (3) There needs to establish the role and establishment of conception of Archivists. (4) Refer to the theory and practical educational method of overseas professional Archivist Scholars, but to be needed to develop the curriculum which is accorded with am tradition and way of thinking. (5) Confer for development of teaching materials and educational method jointly through 'Academic Society', and there needs reorganize the subject which is fit for each university's characteristics. (6) Recently, "Cultural Resources Studies" for research specialization which has established in Graduate School of Tokyo University was very useful to us. We also need to be considered such establishment of process.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.167-173
• /
• 2002

This experiment was conducted to figure out the change of soil physical properties, rice growth and yield with the years of continuous cultivation in direct dry-seeding and no-tillage machine transplanting. Experiments were conducted at NHAES(National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station, RDA, Iksan, Cheon Buk Province, South Korea) with a rice variety "Dongjinbyeo" from 1995 to 2000. In no-tillage machine transplanting cultivation, organic matter in soil was higher than that on direct dry-seeding and was significantly high in topsoil. Problematic weed species were E. crus-galli B., A. keisak H., and L. japonica M. Plant height and tiller number m-2 were higher in common-tillage during the total growth duration. The highest weedy rice occurrence of 27.5% was observed in live years' continuous direct dry-seeding and followed by 6.2%, in four years', and 3.7%, in three years'. The highest yield reduction of 38% was observed in five years' continuous direct dry-seeding. The reduction may resulted from the competition between weedy rice and cultivated rice.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.127-141
• /
• 2003

The present study conducted a survey on the correlation between job satisfaction of dental hygienists and their workplace satisfaction and quality of life. A total of 249 surveys eligible among all the collected surveys were used in the analysis. The survey consisted of 61 items; 35 items were about self-evaluations of their satisfaction with their tasks, occupation, and workplace, as well as the degree of self-affirmation and their family-related satisfaction; the rests were 26 WHOQOL-BREF items investigating the quality of life. Collected data were processed using the SPSS Ver. 10.0 calculating the reliability with the frequency, percentage, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Besides, one-way ANOVA and linear regression analysis examined the correlation between the variables. The conclusion is as follows: 1. By Age: Job satisfaction and family-related satisfaction were highest in the subjects aged 30 or older($3.5377{\pm}0.6891$ at pF0.05 and $4.1789{\pm}0.5431$ at pF0.05, respectively), though the differences were not statistically significant). Workplace satisfaction and self-affirmation were also highest in those aged 30 or order($3.5753{\pm}0.4210$ at pE0.05 and $3.9695{\pm}0.4616$ at pE0.05, respectively). The differences were statistically significant. Quality of life was also highest in those aged 30 or older($3.4095{\pm}0.3529$, pF0.05). 2. By Types of Dental Institutions: Job satisfaction and workplace satisfaction were highest in the subjects who worked at the dental department in a general hospital($3.7431{\pm}0.5940$ at pF0.05 and $3.6615{\pm}0.4602$ at pF0.05. respectively), though without statistical significance. Self-affirmation was highest in those working in university hospitals($3.773{\pm}0.7151$, pF0.05), while family-related satisfaction was highest, though without statistical significance, in those working at the dental department in general hospitals($4.2500{\pm}0.5528$, pF0.05), who also showed highest quality of life with statistical significance($3.4046{\pm}0.4155$, pE0.05). 3. By Years at Work: The subjects who had worked as a dental hygienist for 12 years or more showed highest satisfaction or scores in all the variables investigated: job satisfaction($3.9326{\pm}0.6673$, pE0.05): workplace satisfaction($3.8316{\pm}0.4342$, pE0.05): self-affirmation($4.2000{\pm}0.4551$, pE0.05); family-related satisfaction($4.3778{\pm}0.4692$, pF0.5): and quality of life($3.5235{\pm}0.4323$, pF0.05). All but quality of life showed a difference with statistical significance. 4. Correlation between Quality of Life and Overall Job Satisfaction: Quality of life doesn't have a correlation with the subjects' satisfaction with their occupation or with their self-affirmation, while it does have a correlation with workplace satisfaction and family-related satisfaction(F=15.983, Sig=0.000, $R^2$=0.209). Besides, workplace satisfaction has a significant correlation with all the variables: job satisfaction, self-affirmation, family-related satisfaction, and quality of life(F=38.563, Sig=0.000, $R^2$=0.389). The above result shows that workplace satisfaction has a high correlation with job satisfaction, self-affirmation, family-related satisfaction and with quality of life. Consequently, to enhance satisfaction of dental hygienists with their workplace, it would be important to promote their autonomy and make desirable wokplace environments so that they can work efficiently with pride for their job.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.129-137
• /
• 2008

Alien apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata, Pomacea insularus) used in environmentally-friendly agriculture are different from indigenous snails found in Korea. Due to high herbicidal effects and cost-effectiveness, the number of farmers using the snails has been growing every year since 2000. Moreover, in 2008, because of the outbreaks of avian influenza throughout the country from March to May, 2008, central and local governments recommended the use of alien apple snails in agriculture as an alternative to the ducks-oriented environmentally-friendly agriculture. Therefore, it is expected that the use of alien apple snails in agriculture should be expanded in a near future. Since alien apple snails lay eggs with 95.8% of eclosion rate, they are considered to be potential pests unlike indigenous snails. In addition, Japan, Taiwan and most of the southeast Asian countries had already experienced severe ecological and agricultural damage by the alien apple snails. Subsequently, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) designated P. canaliculata as one of "the 100 of the world's worst invasive alien species". It seems highly likely that the alien apple snails in Korea pose a potential threat to conservation of ecosystem and biodiversity since the snails were either found or invaded into the natural environments in some regions of Gangwon-Do and southern parts of Korean Peninsula. However, just recently, agricultural authorities and farmers using alien apple snails in agriculture opposed a proposition of designating the alien apple snails as an ecosystem-disturbing animal described by the Wildlife Protection Act. This is because there has been no concrete evidence of the ecological risk imposed by the alien snails up to now in Korea. Subsequently, in this paper, we analysed the ecological and agricultural risks imposed by the alien snails from the studies done in domestic and abroad. In addition, we proposed an urgent need and reasoning for ecological risk management of the alien snails at the national level as well as using the snails in agriculture.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2000

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the association between H. pylori infection and socioeconomic status and to determine the current prevalence of H. pylori infection in Korean adolescents. Methods: A structured questionnaire was sent to the children's parents to obtain demographic information on the parents and environmental information. Of the 532 questionnaires sent out, 375 (70.5%; 170 girls and 205 boys) were returned. Their ages ranged from 10 to 15 years (mean, 12.9 years). After collecting blood samples, we measured serum IgG antibody to H. pylori using ELISA method. The association of risk factors such as age, sex, socioeconomic class, type of house, and crowding index with H. pylori infection were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Socioeconomic status was estimated from the parents' education and occupation using a modified Hollingshead index. Results: The prevalence rate of H. pylori infection was 16.8% (63/375). It increased with age (10.3% at 10~11 years, 15.9% at 12~13 years, and 20.7% at 14~15 years). The H. pylori infection was inversely related to the socioeconomic class (6.3% for the upper class, 16.0% for the middle class, and 20.0% for the lower calss). Crowding condition and type of house did not affect significantly on seroprevalence of H. pylori infection. After logistic regression, we found that the odds ratio for age was 2.2 (95% confidence interval 0.9~5.4), and for socioeconomic status, 3.6 (95% confidence interval 0.5~28.9). Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection in Korean adolescents was 16.8%. It related inversely to socioeconomic status but was not statistically significant. Socioeconomic status based on parents' education and occupation seemed to affect more on H. pylori seroprevalence than crowding or type of house did.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.485-505
• /
• 1994

Lead toxicity was evaluated in forty-five cats on a balanced diet, treated with 0(control), 10, 100(low), 1, 000, 2, 000 and 4, 000(high)ppm of lead acetate orally on a body weight basis. The objectives were to describe the gross and histopathologic changes and to demonstrate what tissue lead concentrations correlate with the known dosages of lead. In subclinical lead toxicity, greater than 80% of the absorbed lead was deposited in the bone, whereas in more acute lead toxicity, 42% of absorbed lead was deposited in the bone and 36% and 20% of absorbed lead was deposited in the kidneys and in the liver, respectively. No gross lesions were found in the nervous system. Yellow-brown colored livers appear to be associated with lead toxicity. Neuronal necrosis in the cerebrum was the most predominant histopathologic finding. Astrocytic proliferation in the cerebral gray matter was observed in 1 high dose cat. Gliosis was noted in the cerebral cortex of 6 high dose cats. Two high dose cats had demyelination in the deepest layer of the cortical gray matter of the cerebrum. Extravasation of red cells and cavitation around the vessels were found in the cerebrum of 1 high dose cat. Six high dose cats had degeneration of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. The microscopic findings in the peripheral nerves were ambiguous. In more acute toxicity, the cats had lead inclusions in the epithelial cells of proximal tubules of the kidneys of 7 cats and hepatocytes of the liver of S cats. These inclusions could be seen wlth H&E, but were more prominent with orcein staining. Two high dose cats had granulomas and connective tissue hyperplasia between tubules of the kidneys. Periportal hepatocyte vacuolization was observed in the liver of 22 cats. Vacuolization of seminiferous tubules and a reduced number of spermatogonia(indicative of reduced spermatogenesis) were found in the testis of 5 treated cats. Cystic ovaries were observed in 3 high dose cats and poor development of oogonia was found in 2 cats. The diagnosis of lead toxicity in cats can be suspected on the basis of the histopathologic lesions described, and can be of value in contributing to a diagnosis. A reliable diagnosis of lead poisoning can be helped utilizing tissue lead analysis(post molten)

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.221-233
• /
• 2000

Evaluation method of soil fertility by application of geographic information system (GIS) which includes landscape characteristics and soil map data was investigated from productivities of red pepper and tobacco grown on the fields with no fertilization. Total 131 fields experiments, 64 fields of red pepper and 67 fields of tobacco were conducted from 22 and 23 fields for red pepper and tobacco, respectively, located at Cheangweon and Eumseong counties in 1996, from 20 and 25 fields at Boeun and Goesan counties in 1997, and 22 and 19 fields at Jincheon and Chungju counties in 1998. All the experimental sites were selected on the basis of wide range of distribution in landscape and soil attributes. Dry weights and nutrients (N, P and K) uptakes by red pepper plant and tobacco leaves were considered as basic fertility of the soil (BFS). The BFS was estimated by twenty-five independent variables including 13 chemical properties and 12 GIS data. Twenty-five independent variables were classified by two groups, 15 quantitative variables and 10 qualitative variables, and were analyzed by multiple linear regression (MLR) of REG and GLM models of SAS. Dry weight of red pepper (DWRP) and dry weight of tobacco leaves (DWTL) every year showed high variations by five times in difference plots with minimum yield and maximum yield indicating the diverse soil fertility among the experimental fields. Evaluation for the BFS by the MLR including independent variables was better than that by simple regression showing gradual improvement by adding chemical properties, quantitative variables, and qualitative variables of the GIS. However the evaluation for the BFS by the MLR showed the better result for tobacco than red pepper. For example the variability in the DWTL by MLR was explained 34.2% by only chemical properties, 35.0% by adding quantitative variables, and 72.5% by adding both the quantitative and qualitative variables of the GIS compared with 21.7% by simple regression with $NO_3-N$ content in soil. Consequently, it is assumed that this approach by the MLR including both the quantitative and qualitative variables was available as an evaluation model of soil fertility for upland field.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.189-198
• /
• 2000

The stochiometric mixture of evaporating materials for the $CuGaSe_2$single crystal thin films were prepared from horizontal furnace. Using extrapolation method of X-ray diffraction patterns for the polycrystal $CuGaSe_2$, it was found tetragonal structure whose lattice constant $a_0}$ and $c_0$ were 5.615 $\AA$ and 11.025 $\AA$, respectively. To obtains the single crystal thin films, $CuGaSe_2$mixed crystal was deposited on throughly etched GaAs(100) by the Hot Wall Epitaxy (HWE) system. The source and substrate temperature were $610^{\circ}C$ and $450^{\circ}C$ respectively, and the growth rate of the single crystal thin films was about 0.5$\mu\textrm{m}$/h. The crystalline structure of single crystal thin films was investigated by the double crystal X-ray diffraction (DCXD). Hall effect on this sample was measured by the method of van der Pauw and studied on carrier density and mobility depending on temperature. From Hall data, the mobility was likely to be decreased by pizoelectric scattering in the temperature range 30 K to 150 K and by polar optical scattering in the temperature range 150 K to 293 K. The optical energy gaps were found to be 1.68 eV for CuGaSe$_2$sing1e crystal thin films at room temperature. The temperature dependence of the photocurrent peak energy is well explained by the Varshni equation then the constants in the Varshni equation are given by $\alpha$ = $9.615{\times}10^{-4}$eV/K, and $\beta$ = 335 K. From the photocurrent spectra by illumination of polarized light of the $CuGaSe_2$single crystal thin films. We have found that values of spin orbit coupling $\Delta$So and crystal field splitting $\Delta$Cr was 0.0900 eV and 0.2498 eV, respectively. From the PL spectra at 20 K, the peaks corresponding to free bound excitons and D-A pair and a broad emission band due to SA is identified. The binding energy of the free excitons are determined to be 0.0626 eV and the dissipation energy of the acceptor-bound exciton and donor-bound exciton to be 0.0352 eV, 0.0932 eV, respectively.