• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.186-194
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• 2005

Purpose : Hepatitis A viral infections have been continued after re-emerging since mid 1990s in Korea. The incidence of this disease has been increased in young adults younger than 30 years of age since 2000. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A in Korea(two regions; Incheon and Changwon) in 2005, and was compared with the results of similar studies in mid 1990s. Methods : The study was conducted from January 2005 to June 2005, and consisted of 1,301 enrolled subjects, neonates to 50 years old, living in Incheon and Changwon in Korea. All sera were frozen and stored at $-70^{\circ}C$ until assayed. Anti-HAV IgG antibodies were measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay(HAVAB, Abbott Lab., IL, USA). Results : The prevalence of anti-HAV IgG was 61.1% in infants younger than 1 year old, 30.5% in 1~5 years, 14.6% in 6~10 years, 1.7% in 11~15 years, 6.5% in 16~20 years, 36.6%in 21~30 years, 77.5% in 31~40 years, and 99.8% in 41~50 years. Statistical differences were not found between male and female, but there was statistical difference in 6~10 years old age group between the two areas. Conclusion : Our study indicate that the prevalence of antihepatitis A virus antibody has shifted from children to old adolescents and young adults. This result suggests that the risk of sudden outbreaks or increasing incidence of hepatitis A viral infections in young adults may be expected in our society. The preventive strategies of hepatitis A including vaccination should be prepared.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1971

The author measured the maximum interincisal distance by means of the sliding caliper. The subjects measured here were 149 healthy Korean males and 229 females, ranging from 15 to 49 years old, with normal occlusion. The results were as follows; 1. The mean value of maximum interincisal distance was $50.03{\pm}0.22mm$. in male and $45.18{\pm}0.14mm$. in female. 2. There was a significant difference in the mean value between male female. 3. The interincisal distances in maximum opening were slightly larger in male than female. 4. There was no significant difference in the mean value between the age groups in Korean adults. But it has been revealed that there was apparent difference in the mean value between 15~19 years and 20~29 years old, in female. 5. It has been appeared that maximum interincisal distance in male was 69mm, minimum 37mm., and maximum interincisal distance in female was 58mm. minimum. 30mm.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.717-742
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• 2010

This study was done to investigate the effects of family relationship on satisfaction with life in women immigrants. The participants were 346 women immigrants in S city, Chungnam province. The data were collected through self-reported questionnaires which were constructed to include such scales as satisfaction with life and family relationship. First, satisfaction with family relationship ranked in order of couple, parents-in-law, and brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law. Second, as the women immigrants were younger, and their wedding time was shorter, satisfaction with couple was higher. Third, when women immigrants were between 20 and 30 years old in age, and between 2006 and 2010 in wedding year, satisfaction with parents-in-law were higher. Fourth, when women immigrants were between 20 and 30 years old in age, and 2006 and 2010 in wedding year, satisfaction with brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law were higher. Fifth, satisfaction with life was higher for women immigrants with younger age, lower educational level, and shorter residence and wedding time. Sixth, curve term more accounted for relationship between satisfaction with parents-in-law and life. Seventh, significant predictors influencing satisfaction with life were satisfaction with couple, and brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2007

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in women over 40 years of age. Methods: A total of 170 patients (271 cycles) over 40 years of age who underwent IVF-ET at Seoul Women's Hospital (Incheon, Korea) were analyzed in this study retrospectively. The patients were grouped into the women <44 years old group and the women $\geq$44 years old group. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Results: An overall clinical pregnancy rate per retrieval was 11% (30/271). Of these, clinical miscarriage rate were 33% (10/30) and the overall delivery rate was 7.4% (20/271) per retrieval, respectively. The women $\geq$44 years old group had significantly higher cancellation rate (13% vs. 25%), lower number of retrieved oocytes (6.17$\times$4.62 vs. 4.13$\times$4.07), decreased number of 2PN (4.83$\times$3.61 vs. 3.46$\times$3.12), and reduced embryos for transfer (3.52$\times$1.72 vs. 2.81$\times$1.83) than the women <44 years old group. We found significantly lower clinical pregnancy rate (13.0% vs. 2.1%) and live birth rate (9.0% vs. 0.0%) in the women $\geq$44 years old group than the women <44 years old group. Conclusion: The present study has shown that IVF outcome is seriously impaired in the women $\geq$44 years old.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 1985

This study was carried out to develope the equations for estimating the areas of leaflet, leaf, and total leaf for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 years old ginseng, Panax ginseng, grown in field. The highest correlation coefficient was found between leaflet area and product of leaflet length and width(LW) in all leaflets although leaflet shape varied somewhat according to the position and plant age. It was possible to estimate area of the leaf, and total leaf by one central leaflet in a compound leaf. The equations for estimating the leafet, leaf areas of 1 year differ to those of over 2 years old plant, but there was no difference among those of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 years. The equations for 1 year old are A =0.64 LW, A' =A/0.38, and for 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 years old, A =0.60 LW, A' =A/0.32, A" =A' x number of leaves of central leaflet(A), leaf(A') and total leaf areas(A"), respectively. The estimation of leaflet, leaf, total leaf areas of ginseng plant grown under 20% light-transmittance rate was possible by using the equations mentioned.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 2007

Ecological characteristics of Koreocobitis rotundicaudata was investigated in the mid-upper part of the Naerin stream in Hongcheon gun, Gangwon do, Korea from April 2006 to March 2007. It inhabited mostly on the cobble and pebble bottoms with water-current velocities of 0.3~0.8 m/sec and depths of 30~80 cm. The sex ratio of female to male was 1 : 0.78. It was presumed that the spawning season was from May to June with water temperatures $20.1{\sim}23.1^{\circ}C$. Sexually matured individuals appeared over the two years of age. Body length frequencies indicated that the 40~69 mm group is over one year old, the 70~109 mm over two years old, and 110~142 mm over three years old. The average number of eggs in the ovaries was 1,365. Main prey materials were Ephemeroptera and Chironomidae mostly.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.269-274
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to establish the basic consultation data for diabetes in adults and to demonstate the necessity of preventive regular medical examinations. The study was carried out at Chungyang County, Chungchungnam-Do from the first of January, 1996 to the end of December. Below is the statistical data of this study which concerns the distinction of sex, ages, and occupations from the 600 examinees. 1. According to the distinction of sex, there are 12 males and 11 females among the 300 examinees in each group. That means, the diabetic percentage is 4.0% versus 3.6% and male/female diabetic ratio is 1.1:1 2. According to the distinction of ages, there is one people 0.25% aged 20years old and 5 peoples 1.3% aged 30 years old among the 400 examinees. There are 6 peoples 1.0% aged 40 years old and 6 peoples 1.0% aged 50 years old among the 600 examinees. There are 4 peoples 2.0% aged 60 years old among the 200 examinees. 3. According to the distinction of occupations, there are 13 white collar workers 6.5% among the 200 examinees, and there are 8 blue collar workers(4%) among the 200 examinees. There are 2 government employees 1% among the 200 examinees. This show that there is less diabets in government employees than other occupational groups of the same number. 4. Among the white and blue collar workers, 7 diabetis's blood glucose levels are 140mg%--200 mg% and 6 are 200mg%. 5. Among the community medical insurance holders, 7 diabetic's blood glucose levels are 140 mg%--200mg% and 1 is 200mg%. 6. Among the government employees, 2 diabetic's bleed glucose levels are 140mg--200mg% and there is no 200mg%.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 1993

30 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax underwent videothoracoscopic treatment between March and July 1992. The patients ranged in age from 16 years to 62 years (mean age, 30.4 years) and the incidence according to age group was highest as 50 % in the adolescence between 21 and 30 years old. The indications of the therapeutic videothoracoscopy for spontaneous pneumothorax were recurrence (30.8％), persistent air leak (30.8％), visible blebs on the chest X-ray (20.4％), tension pneumothorax (15.4％), and bilaterality (2.6％). Intraoperative scopic findings were as follows; blebs (87.1％), pleural adhesion (45.2％), and pleural effusion (22.6％). The operation was performed under general anesthesia with one lung intubation guided by flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Procedures included bleb and/or wedge resection, tetracycline pleurodesis with mechanical abrasion, and parietal pleurectomy. Successful treatment was obtained in 66.7％ (20/30) and the mean postoperative hospital stay of the successful cases was 5 days. Videothoracoscopy also provided the benefits of lesser postoperative pain, rapid recovery, short hospitalization, and smaller scar of wound by reduced trauma on access. The total 13 postoperative complications were occured in 10 patients, which showed somewhat higher rate than that of other reports because of lack of experiences in the earlier period, however, it had decreased progressively as experiences were accumulated and instruments were improved in the later period. The operative mortality was absent. Conclusively, videothoracoscopy is a new interesting modality of surgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax and also can be extensively applicable in the diagnosis and treatment of other thoracic surgery.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2000

Recently cases of canine distemper have occurred in Korea despite vaccination was carried out nationwidely. This study was performed to establish rapid diagnosis of canine distemper by RT-PCR, nested PCR, and serological test. A total of 30 dogs, which were suspected canine distemper clinically, was examined. RT-PCR and nested PCR were specific for the amplification of CDV H gene and sensitive to detect 7 TCID50 of Onderstepoort strain. By RT-PCR, H gene was detected in 6(20%) of 30 peripheral bloods from dogs. And H gene was detected in 10(33.3%) of 30 samples by nested PCR. H gene was detected from 1 brain of 6 years-old Beagle dog and 1 lung of 2 months-old Shihtzu dog, in which peripheral blood H gene was not detected. Serum neutralizing antibody titer against Onderstepoort strain ranged from 4 to 1,024 in 30 patients. No correlation was observed between the results of nested PCR and titiers of neutralizing antibody.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.245-258
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• 2017

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport established a comprehensive plan for 83 old industrial complexes over 20-year. They implemented the competitiveness of industrial complex in September 2013, and revitalizing and remodelling comprehensive plan in December 2014. With significant influences of old industrial complex in September 2009, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport chose the 4 districts for the first pilot project. In December 2014, the second pilot project districts were established. In addition, there were 10 districts in April 2016 and 5 districts in April 2016 as the third pilot project and 5 distiricts in March 2017 as the fourth piolt project. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport currently suggests 23 districts to regenerate among 83 old industrial complex districts over 20 years. Even though the government suggests the certain 23 districts, this research selects the bottom 23 districts (30%) represented through the Focus Group Interview and compare them with the list government-suggested. As a result, there were some unlisted industrial complex districts. This research suggests the unlisted industrial complex districts which need to be regenerated and their problems, therefore this could be used as a guide for feasibility of old industrial complex regeneration implement.