• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2008년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.1109-1111
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• 2008

High efficacy white OLEDs with low voltage, high quantum efficiency and outcoupling fixtures achieve total power efficacies of 89 lm/W to 102 lm/W, operating voltages between 2.8 V and 3.5 V at correlated color temperatures of 2,800 - 3,900 K and color rendering ~70, at 1,000 nits.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.267-278
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• 2009

As a survey-type article, the paper reviews the recent results on a (generalized) universal covering space in digital covering theory. The recent paper [19] established the generalized universal (2, k)-covering property which improves the universal (2, k)-covering property of [3]. In algebraic topology it is well-known that a simply connected and locally path connected covering space is a universal covering space. Unlike this property, in digital covering theory we can propose that a generalized universal covering space has its intrinsic feature. This property can be useful in classifying digital covering spaces and in studying a shortest k-path problem in data structure.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.359-365
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• 2009

We prove a universality theorem from which we deduce the existence of $H{\ddot{o}}lder$ continuous universal primitives in the sense of Marcinkiewicz.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.20.1-20.9
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bond strength of 2 universal adhesives used in different application modes to bleached enamel. Materials and Methods: Extracted 160 sound human incisors were used for the study. Teeth were divided into 4 treatment groups: No treatment, 35% hydrogen peroxide, 16% carbamid peroxide, 7.5% carbamid peroxide. After bleaching treatments, groups were divided into subgroups according to the adhesive systems used and application modes (n = 10): 1) Single Bond Universal, etch and rinse mode; 2) Single Bond Universal, self-etch mode; 3) Gluma Universal, etch and rinse mode; 4) Gluma Universal, self-etch mode. After adhesive procedures nanohybrid composite resin cylinders were bonded to the enamel surfaces. All specimens were subjected to shear bond strength (SBS) test after thermocycling. Data were analyzed using a 3-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test. Results: No significant difference were found among bleaching groups (35% hydrogen peroxide, 16% carbamid peroxide, 7.5% carbamid peroxide, and no treatment groups) in the mean SBS values. There was also no difference in SBS values between Single Bond Universal and Gluma Universal at same application modes, whereas self-etch mode showed significantly lower SBS values than etch and rinse mode (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The bonding performance of the universal adhesives was enhanced with the etch and rinse mode application to bleached enamel and non-bleached enamel.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.849-871
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• 2021

A (positive definite integral) quadratic form is called even 2-universal if it represents all even quadratic forms of rank 2. In this article, we prove that there are at most 55 even 2-universal even quadratic forms of rank 5. The proofs of even 2-universalities of some candidates will be given so that exactly 20 candidates remain unproven.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.649-654
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• 2010

A positive definite Hermitian lattice is said to be 2-universal if it represents all positive definite binary Hermitian lattices. We find some finiteness theorems which ensure 2-universality of Hermitian lattices over several imaginary quadratic number fields.

• 대한치과재료학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.301-310
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• 2018

이 연구의 목적은 현재 쓰임이 증가하고 있는 여러 종류의 범용 상아질 접착제와 삼차 아민을 포함 혹은 포함하지 않는 레진시멘트 간의 호환성을 평가하기 위함이다. 총 80개의 사람 대구치를 선정해 레진 블럭에 매몰하여 상아질을 노출시키고 600-grit SiC paper로 연마한 후 3종류의 범용 상아질 접착제 Scotchbond universal (3M ESPE, pH 2.6), G-premio bond (GC, pH 1.5), All bond universal (Bisco, pH 3.2) 및 대조군으로 3-step etch and rinse system인 Scotchbond multipurpose (3M ESPE)를 제조사의 지시대로 적용한 후 광중합 시행하였다. 그 위에 직경 2 mm, 높이 3 mm의 몰드를 이용해 삼차아민을 포함한 레진 시멘트인 Calibra(Dentsply) 혹은 삼차 아민을 포함하지 않는 레진시멘트인 RelyX Ultimate (3M ESPE)를 적용하고 20초간 광중합하였다. 그 후 $37^{\circ}C$ 증류수에 7일간 보관 후 미세전단강도를 측정하였다. 각 결과값을 ANOVA와 Tukey test로 분석하였다. 실험 결과 Calibra를 사용한 경우 Scotchbond Multipurpose와 All bond Universal adhesive 적용시 G-premio bond 및 Scotchbond universal adhesive를 적용했을 때에 비해 유의하게 높은 미세전단강도를 나타냈다(p<0.05) RelyX Ultimate를 사용한 경우 adhesive간의 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다(p>0.05).

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2012

본 연구는 ProTaper Universal에 의도적으로 부여한 내부 응력이 피로 파절에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 25 mm 길이의 S1, S2, F1, F2, F3, F4 그리고 F5 파일을 내부 응력을 부여하기 위해서 Endo-Training-Bloc (Dentsply Maillefer)에 auto-stop 될 때까지 속도 300 rpm, 토크 1.0 Ncm의 값으로 밀어 넣었다. 부여한 내부 응력의 횟수에 따라 각각 Stress 0 군(대조군), Stress 1 군, Stress 2 군 그리고 Stress 3 군으로 분류하였다. 경사진 유리판을 사용하였고 파일 파절 시간을 측정하였다. 모든 파일에서는 Stress 3 군은 대조군에 비해 Ni-Ti 파일의 파절 시간이 감소하였고 F2와 F3에서 모든 실험군은 대조군에 비해 파절 시간이 감소하였다. F4와 F5에서 Stress 2 군과 Stress 3 군이 대조군에 비해 파절 시간이 감소하였다. ProTaper Universal의 피로 파절은 파일에 축적된 내부 응력에 의해 영향을 받는다.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2016

Purpose: Recently, Universal design has been applied to a variety of concepts of social integration in the national legislation and institutions, however, the applying to urban railway station is not satisfied. Most of cases, the handicapped can not work continuously, universal design must be provided. Methods: This study derives the detailed criteria through comparing and analyzing an national and international universal design-related system in transit zone. And the status is investigated in transit zone of domestic urban railway station. Improved national standard requirements are derived considering the type of the handicapped and universal design principles. Result: The domestic status shows that the most lacking entry criteria is not specified in national standards or the design is a lowest-level required by criteria through comparing detailed criteria drawn into domestic analysis. Therefore, in order to provide a pedestrian environment to meet the universal design principles and requirements for the handicapped, there is a need to re-establish with a specific national standards. Implications: This study will draw on universal design standards for seamless transfer in transit zone of urban railway station. The next studies are needed to target the overall paths ranging from outside to landing in urban railway station.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.101-114
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• 2024

Currently, in Korea, the number of handicapped children receiving inclusive education in general schools is expanding. In the inclusive education field, the most important tasks are personal needs support, such as toilet assistance, meal assitance, and support for wearing and taking off various assistive devices. A significant portion of the support work in the actual education field is related to clothing. Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop universal fashion designs for handicapped children at school where inclusive education is implemented. To achieve this aim, this study analyzed the concepts, principles and, characteristics of universal fashion design through theoretical research and established research principles. In this study, two fact-finding surveys were conducted. Next, a total of 10 universal fashion designs were proposed considering both the preceding survey results and the principles of universal fashion design Among them, the four designs that were considered most suitable were selected for universal fashion design through F.G.I (Focus Group Interview) analysis conducted by experts. The four selected designs were made by referring to the size framework based on the '6th Human Body Size Survey Report of Korea'. The completed experimental clothes were proposed as the final universal fashion design for handicapped children by conducting external evaluation through a virtual clothing system and real clothes.