• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2017

We isolated marine bacterium, isolate DG-2 which produces the antibiotics against MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). This isolate DG-2 was examined by its morphological, biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. And then, isolate DG-2 was identified to the genus Streptomyces. Therefore, this isolate was designated as Streptomyces sp. DG-2. Streptomyces sp. DG-2 grew relatively well at $25^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0, and NaCl 1.0%. For the pre-purification of the bioactive compounds, DG-2 was fermented in 30 L PPES-II medium, and the culture filtrates of DG-2 was extracted by ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extract of DG-2 showed the significant anti-MRSA and antibacterial activities.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was verification of the restoration ability effect of Danggwisusan extract(DG) in wound induced Rat. Methods : It needed to make a scar(around $2{\times}2cm^2$) on the top of the fascia in the back of the rats and then the rats were divided into 4groups(n=6). Control was not treated at all, where as DG was orally medicated DG, Terra was percutaneously applied Terramycin, and DG + Terra was both orally medicated DG and percutaneously applied Terramycin per day for three weeks. Results : 93% or higher cell viability was observed in all tested groups from 1, 10, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in RAW 264.7cells. The DG decreased NO and cytokine production activity dose dependently. The production of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were decreased by 46%, 46% and 40% in DG treated $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The size of wound was significantly decreasing in DG, Terra, DG + Terra. WBC was significantly reduced in DG and DG + Terra. Monocyte was significantly reduced in DG, Terra and DG + Terra. Neutrophil was also reduced in DG, DG + Terra but not meaningless. The mRNA expression of MMP-1 was significantly reduced in Terra, MMP-2 was significantly reduced in DG, Terra, DG + Terra, and MMP-9 was significantly reduced in DG + Terra. Conclusions : According to the results, we thought that DG showed anti-inflammatory activities on the RAW 264.7cells in mouse macrophage and in adult rat wound. Moreover, the progress of recovery was found visually, heamatologically, genetically and histopathologically. In conclusion, it could be thought that DG has effect on the treating of wound.

• 정보화연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.123-135
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 XML 필터링 질의의 효율적 처리를 위한 이차원 그룹핑 색인기법인 2DG-index를 제안한다. 최근 XML데이터의 질의 처리를 위해 조상-후손관계 또는 부모-자식관계 등의 구조적 관계를 효율적으로 처리하기 위한 많은 연구들이 수행되었다. 그러나 이러한 연구들은 경로 질의에만 초점을 두고 있으며 특정 조건 값을 포함하는 필터링 질의에 대해서는 고려하지 않고 있다. 2DGindex는 필터링 질의를 효율적으로 처리하기 위한 방안으로 XML 스키마의 경로 도메인과 필터링 데이터 값의 도메인으로 구성된 이차원 도메인 공간상의 색인 엔트리들의 클러스터링을 다루는 색인기법이다. 2DG-index의 성능평가를 위하여 특정 조건 값을 포함하는 질의의 유형을 세 가지로 분류하고, 이러한 질의 유형별로 2DG-index의 질의처리 성능을 기존의 일차원 색인구조를 이용하는 색인기법인 데이터 값별로 그룹핑한 DG-index와 경로별로 그룹핑한 PG-index와 비교하여 2DG-inedx의 효율성을 입증한다.

• 공업화학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.452-456
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• 2010

최근 1,3-디글리세리드(1,3-DG)는 트리글리세리드(TG)와 대사 기구가 달라, 체지방으로 체내에 축적되지 않는 것으로 알려져 주목을 받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 고정화 리파제인 Lipozyme을 사용한 1,3-DG의 선택적 합성에 관하여 연구하였다. 글리세린과 올레인산(OA)의 몰비를 1 : 2로 고정한 후에 진공 하에서 수행한 에스테르 합성 반응에서 있어서, 반응 온도 및 리파제의 양에 따른 모노글리세리드(MG), DG, TG 및 DG 중의 1,3-DG의 함량 변화를 분석하였다. 온도가 높아질수록 또한 리파제의 사용량이 늘어날수록 OA의 감소 속도로 측정한 반응 속도는 빨랐으며, DG 함량이 최대치에 도달한 이후에는 MG, DG 및 TG의 함량에는 많은 변화가 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Novozym을 사용하여 동일한 실험을 한 기존의 결과와 비교하였을 때, 반응성은 Novozym 쪽이 높았으나, 1,3-DG의 선택성은 Lipozyme이 월등하게 높아서, $50^{\circ}C$ 반응에서 DG 중의 1,3-DG 함량이 98%에 달했다.

• 공업화학
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.443-448
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• 2009

최근 1,3-디글리세리드(1,3-DG)는 트리글리세리드(TG)와 대사 기구가 달라, 체지방으로 체내에 축적되지 않는 것으로 알려져 주목을 받고 있다.본 논문에서는 고정화 리파제를 사용한1,3-DG의 선택적 합성에 관하여 연구하였다. 글리세린과 올레인산(OA)의 몰비를 1 : 2로 고정한 후에 진공 하에서 수행한 에스테르 합성 반응에서 있어서, 반응 온도 및 리파제의 양에 따른 모노글리세리드(MG), DG, TG 및 DG 중의 1,3-DG의 함량 변화를 분석하였다. 온도가 높아질수록 또한 리파제의 사용량이 늘어날수록 OA의 감소 속도로 측정한 반응 속도는 빨랐으며, DG 함량이 최대치에 도달한 이후에는 MG, DG 및 TG의 함량에는 많은 변화가 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 반응 온도가 높을수록 또는 고정화 리파제를 10 wt% 사용하였을 때는 DG 및 1,3-DG의 함량이 현저하게 저하되면서 TG가 주생성물이 되었다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2009

Actin cytoskeletal architecture is believed to be a crucially important modulator of chondrocyte phenotype. 2DG(2-Dexoy-D-glucose) induces reorganization of actin cytoskeletal architecture in chondrocytes. In this study, we have investigated the effects of 2DG on dedifferentiation and inflammation via reorganization of cytoskeletal architecture in rabbit articular chondrocytes, with a focus on p38 kinase pathway. Treatment of 2DG alone reduced type II collagen and COX-2 expression in chondrocytes. But, 2DG reduced type II collagen was recovered by CD, disruptor of actin cytoskeletal architecture, whereas did not affect on COX-2 expression and production of $PGE_2$ compared with 2DG alone treated cells. Treatment of 2DG with JAS, inducer of cytoskeletal architecture polymerization, accelerated reduction of type II collagen expression and synthesis of proteoglycan but did not affect on COX-2 expression and production of $PGE_2$. Also, 2DG stimulated activation of p38 kinase. This result showed that 2DG regulates type II collagen but not cyclooxygenase-2 expression through reorganization of cytoskeletal architecture via p38 kinase pathway in rabbit articular chondrocytes.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2004

Lipase를 사용하여 대두유와 글리세롤로부터 디글리세리드를 생산하였다. 디글리세러드의 초기 생산 속도는 리파제의 양에 크게 영향을 받았다 그러나 반응혼합물에 첨가된 리파제의 양은 평형상태의 디글리세리드의 함량에는 거의 영향을 미치지 않았다. 초기 지방산 생성속도는 0.5-2.3%의 글기세롤 수분함량에서 매우 영향을 받았으며 3.3-5.2%의 수분함량에서는 느리게 증가하였다 평형상태에서의 DG 함량은 글리세롤 수분함량 4.4%까지 서서히 증가하였으며 5.2-6.4%의 수분함량에서는 지방산함량의 증가로 인하여 오히려 감소하였다 가장 높은 디글리세리드 생산효율을 나타내는 반응온도는 $30-50^{\circ}C$이었으며 글리세롤과 트리글리세드의 몰 비율은 최종적인 디글리세리드 생산율에는 영향을 미치지 많았다. 글리세롤(GL)과 트리글리세리드(TG)의 몰 비율이 0.75:1인 경우에 높은 효소촉매반응을 나타냈으며 첨가된 글리세롤이 반응에 모두 이용될 수 있는 최적조건으로 확인되었다. 최적화된 조건에서 45%의 디글리세리드를 얻을 수 있었으며 전체 디글리세리드 중 65%는 1,3-디글리세리드였다

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.133-150
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• 2008

Objective: This study was performed to examine Danggui (DG, Angelica gigas Nakai)'s potential activity for promoting axonal regeneration in the injured peripheral nerve. Methods: Using the sciatic nerve in the rats, DG extract 5 ${\mu}l$(10 mg/ml in 0.5% saline) was dripped into the injury site of the nerve. Results: DG treatment facilitated axonal elongation responses in the distal portion to the injury site. GAP-43 protein levels were upregulated by DG treatment in the injured nerve and also in the DRG, suggesting the induction of GAP-43 expression at gene expression level after nerve injury. Phospho-Erk1/2 protein levels were upregulated in the injured nerve area and also in the DRG, suggesting retrograde transport of phospho-Erk1/2 protein from the injury area to the cell body. Cdc2 protein levels were slightly upregulated by DG treatment. DG treatment increased the number of non-neuronal cells in the distal portion to the injury site. Conclusions: The present data suggest that DG is effective for enhanced axonal regrowth after sciatic nerve injury.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• 제2A권4호
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• pp.166-173
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• 2002

Dispersed Generation (DG) units significantly effect the existing distribution protection practices. Therefore, new protection practices of the distribution system interconnected with DG units should be reevaluated and developed. In this paper, a new inter-tie protection scheme of DG units for distribution automatic reclosing is proposed. The impact of DG units on existing radial-sectionaliser coordination is analyzed. And the effects of the distribution reclosing type (radial and passive reclosing) on DG dynamics are analyzed and classified. From the results of the DG dynamic responses by the reclosing type, i.e. radial and passive reclosing, the inter-tie protection schemes of DG are introduced to improve the reliability and availability of utility interactive DG. The proposed schemes are proved and evaluated by a case study using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.163-176
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• 2016

Rapid depletion of fossil based oil, coal and gas reserves and its greater demand day by day necessitates the search for other alternatives. Severe environmental impacts caused by the fossil fire based power plants and the escalating fuel costs are the major challenges faced by the electricity supply industry. Integration of Distributed Generators (DG) especially, wind and solar systems to the grid has been steadily increasing due to the concern of clean environment. This paper focuses on a new simple and fast load flow algorithm named Backward Forward Sweep Algorithm (BFSA) for finding the voltage profile and power losses with the integration of various sizes of DG at different locations. Genetic Algorithm (GA) based BFSA is adopted in finding the optimal location and sizing of DG to attain an improved voltage profile and considerable reduced power loss. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is more efficient in finding the optimal location and sizing of DG in 15-bus radial distribution system (RDS).The authenticity of the placement of optimized DG is assured with other DG placement techniques.